Cited by 1,109Epigenetics and DNA MethylationGenomics and Chromatin DynamicsGenetic Syndromes and Imprinting

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Epigenetics and gene expression

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Gibney, E R, Nolan, C M·2010·Heredity

DOI 10.1038/hdy.2010.54

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Abstract

Transcription, translation and subsequent protein modification represent the transfer of genetic information from the archival copy of DNA to the short-lived messenger RNA, usually with subsequent production of protein. Although all cells in an organism contain essentially the same DNA, cell types and functions differ because of qualitative and quantitative differences in their gene expression. Thus, control of gene expression is at the heart of differentiation and development. Epigenetic processes, including DNA methylation, histone modification and various RNA-mediated processes, are thought to influence gene expression chiefly at the level of transcription; however, other steps in the process (for example, translation) may also be regulated epigenetically. The following paper will outline the role epigenetics is believed to have in influencing gene expression.

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“5 It is considered as the major regulation mechanism for the cell response to behavioral and environmental risk factors-related CVD. 6,7 10 This indicates that substantial behavioral and environmental influences, such as diet and lifestyle, along with epigenetic mechanisms, can account for these…”
Background
Implication of Pyrethroid Neurotoxicity for Human Health: A Lesson from Animal Models
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“The intricate relationship between Nurr1 and dopaminergic neurons underscores the importance of this receptor in maintaining proper dopamine Epigenetics refers to the changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations to the underlying DNA sequence (Gibney and Nolan 2010 ).”
Mechanisms of Impaired Wound Healing in Type 2 Diabetes: The Role of Epigenetic Factors
Bauer, T. M., Moon, J. Y., Shadiow, J., Buckley, S., & Gallagher, K. A. (2025) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.124.321446 · Cited by 32
The Snapdragon Genomes Reveal the Evolutionary Dynamics of the S-Locus Supergene
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“Epigenetic modifications are believed to be crucial in controlling gene expression (Gibney and Nolan 2010).”
Background
Decreased FAM107A Expression in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Pastuszak‐Lewandoska, D., Czarnecka, K. H., Migdalska‐Sęk, M., Nawrot, E., Domańska, D., Kiszałkiewicz, J., Kordiak, J., Antczak, A. J., Górski, P., & Brzeziańska‐Lasota, E. (2014) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/5584_2014_109 · Cited by 26
“Apart from gene promoter methylation, several other epigenetic mechanisms control gene expression, including post translational modifications to core histones, chromatin remodeling machinery, microRNA (miRNA), and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) regulation (Gibney and Nolan 2010).”
Background
Bridging organ transcriptomics for advancing multiple organ toxicity assessment with a generative AI approach
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“First, it elucidates the underlying biological processes of toxicity in animals and their relevance to humans 3 – 9 .”
Epigenetics in evolution and adaptation to environmental challenges: pathways for disease prevention and treatment
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Epigenetic approaches for bipolar disorder drug discovery
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“For greater details, readers can refer excellent reviews elsewhere [7,8].”
Background
Construction of lncRNA‑miRNA‑mRNA networks reveals functional lncRNAs in abdominal aortic aneurysm
Tian, L., Hu, X., He, Y., Wu, Z., Li, D., & Zhang, H. (2018) · Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine · doi:10.3892/etm.2018.6690 · Cited by 25
Epigenetic regulation of bone mass
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Endothelial heterogeneity in the umbilico-placental unit: DNA methylation as an innuendo of epigenetic diversity
Casanello, P. C., Schneider, D., Herrera, E. A., Uauy, R. D., & Krause, B. J. (2014) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2014.00049 · Cited by 25
“…that it comprises and the heritability of these changes in an organism and its progeny; however, a simple and broad definition considers epigenetic mechanisms as “chromosome-based mechanisms that change the phenotypic plasticity in a cell or organism” (Krause et al., 2009; Gibney and Nolan, 2010).”
Background
microRNA expression variation as a potential molecular mechanism contributing to adaptation to hydrogen sulphide
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“…including DNA sequence changes in cis- or trans-acting regulatory elements (Osada et al., 2017; Signor & Nuzhdin, 2018) and epimutations (Gibney & Nolan, 2010), or changes that impact the rate of translation, including factors that impact the stability and longevity of mRNAs and the…”
Background
DNA methylation markers of age(ing) in non‐model animals
Tangili, M., Slettenhaar, A. J., Sudyka, J., Dugdale, H. L., Pen, I. R., Palsbøll, P. J., & Verhulst, S. (2023) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1111/mec.17065 · Cited by 24
Deciphering Depression: Epigenetic Mechanisms and Treatment Strategies
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“Therefore, epigenetic processes involve dynamic interactions between genes and the environment at a cellular, individual, and population level [5–7].”
Background
Genetic improvement and genomic resources of important cyprinid species: status and future perspectives for sustainable production
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“Epigenetics is the study of changes in the expression of genes and/or phenotypes of organisms that occur without a change in the underlying DNA sequence (Gibney and Nolan, 2010; Liu et al., 2022).”
Background
Interplay Between the Circadian Clock and Sirtuins
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“By remodeling the chromatin structure or gene expression, it is well known that reversible protein acetylation and its modifying enzymes have been proved to be important parts of epigenetics [14,16].”
Background
Gcm/Glide-dependent conversion into glia depends on neural stem cell age, but not on division, triggering a chromatin signature that is conserved in vertebrate glia
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“Epigenetic regulation of gene expression occurs at the level of chromatin and typically involves processes that modify chromatin or histones, the proteins around which DNA is wrapped, or covalent modifications in the associated DNA molecule [49].”
Background
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“, acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation, citrullination, ubiquitylation, ribosylation, and sumoylation), and RNA based regulation of transcriptional machinery (54).”
Background
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“Unlike genetic alterations, epigenetic changes are relatively dynamic and reversible in response to environmental changes [13].”
Background
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“Epigenetic patterns are responsible for cell-type specific gene expression patterns (10), which bestow cellular identity to DNA.”
Background
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Review: Environmental impact on ocular surface disorders: Possible epigenetic mechanism modulation and potential biomarkers
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Epigenetic regulation in cancer development
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“For their mode of action, miRNAs provide an important layer of epigenetic information according to the broader definition of epigenetics (2): they modify gene expression without modifying DNA sequences.”
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DNA methylation episignatures: insight into copy number variation
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“In mammalian neurogenesis and brain formation, DNA methylation plays a role in determining the timing and extent of gene transcription [53].”
Background
Lung function associated gene Integrator Complex subunit 12 regulates protein synthesis pathways
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“and H3K4me3 sites, both marking active transcription [47, 48], and poor correlation with H3K27me3, which marks silenced loci [47], we examined whether these observations agree with gene expression in basal HBECs.”
Background

Authors: Gibney, E. R., & Nolan, C. M.
Affiliations: University College Dublin (IE)
Corresponding author: Nolan, C M
ORCID: Gibney, E R
Nolan, C M
Venue: Heredity
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2010-05-12
Volume: 105
Issue: 1
Pages: 4-13
ISSN: 0018-067X (ISSN-L)
1365-2540
DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2010.54
OpenAlex: W1974450480
Cited by: 1,109
References: 119
Citations by year: 2026: 68 · 2025: 148 · 2024: 175 · 2023: 147 · 2022: 115 · 2021: 102 · 2020: 70 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 31
FWCI: 2.72
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: Heredity (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Science Foundation Ireland (RFP06)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Syndromes and Imprinting
Keywords: epigenetics, gene expression regulation, transcriptional regulation, DNA methylation, histone modifications, RNA-mediated gene regulation, cell differentiation, development (biology), translational regulation, protein modification
MeSH terms: Animals, Cell Differentiation, Humans, DNA Modification Methylases, Gene Expression, Cell Lineage, Heredity, Epigenesis, Genetic

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