The DOI matches its Crossref record; 95 of the 97 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Skin-Resident T Cells: The Ups and Downs of On Site Immunity
Open accessAbstract
The cutaneous surface of a normal adult individual contains approximately 20 billion T cells, nearly twice the number present in the entire circulation. Recent studies have shown a role for these cells in both normal immunity and in inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis. Regulatory T cells protect against autoimmune reactions to self antigens and assist in the resolution of cutaneous inflammation. However, they can also shield tumors from immune detection, allow latent infections to persist and can dysfunction under the conditions present in inflammatory skin diseases. Th17 T cells protect organisms against extracellular pathogens but also have a key role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Evidence suggests that effector memory T cells produced during immune reactions survive and persist long term within the skin, providing local and rapid protection against pathogen reexposure. This review summarizes the current understanding of how skin-resident T cells contribute to normal and aberrant immunity in the skin.
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“All skin-resident T cells are pre-activated T cells with effector/memory-like phenotypes, which could be activated in an innate fashion by alterations of molecular cues of the local tissue they reside in.26,27,28,29,30,31,32”
From Skin-resident T cells play an important role in controlling skin colonization of Candidozyma (Candida) auris (2026) · cites this paper as [26]
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Cites
Two subsets of memory T lymphocytes with distinct homing potentials and effector functions
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“Two different types of T cells are generated during an immune response (Sallusto et al., 1999).”
BackgroundHarrington, L. E., Hatton, R. D., Mangan, P. R., Turner, H., Murphy, T. L., Murphy, K. M., & Weaver, C. T. (2005) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1254 · Cited by 4,742
A distinct lineage of CD4 T cells regulates tissue inflammation by producing interleukin 17
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Central Memory and Effector Memory T Cell Subsets: Function, Generation, and Maintenance
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A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies IL23R as an Inflammatory Bowel Disease Gene
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“This contention is at odds with clear and elegant experiments in mice showing that TEM do persist long term — not in the blood but within the peripheral tissues (Masopust et al., 2001; Reinhardt et al., 2001).”
BackgroundInterleukin-22, a TH17 cytokine, mediates IL-23-induced dermal inflammation and acanthosis
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Research works printed but not linked: 3
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Lowes, M. A., Suárez‐Fariñas, M., & Krueger, J. G. (2014) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-032713-120225 · Cited by 1,710
Human T cell development, localization, and function throughout life
Kumar, B. V., Connors, T. J., & Farber, D. L. (2018) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2018.01.007 · Cited by 1,257
Pivotal Role of Dermal IL-17-Producing γδ T Cells in Skin Inflammation
Cai, Y., Shen, X., Ding, C., Qi, C., Li, K., Li, X., Jala, V. R., Zhang, H., Wang, T., Zheng, J., et al. (2011) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2011.08.001 · Cited by 1,049
Human memory T cells: generation, compartmentalization and homeostasis
Farber, D. L., Yudanin, N. A., & Restifo, N. P. (2014) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri3567 · Cited by 897
Skin Acute Wound Healing: A Comprehensive Review
Cañedo‐Dorantes, L., & Cañedo-Ayala, M. (2019) · International Journal of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2019/3706315 · Cited by 742
Metadata
- Authors
- Clark, R. A.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Clark, Rachael A.
- ORCID
- Clark, Rachael A.
- Venue
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-02
- Volume
- 130
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 362-370
- ISSN
- 0022-202X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2922675
- OpenAlex
- W2074644098
- Cited by
- 298
- References
- 97
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 1.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Scleroderma Foundation
- Leukemia and Lymphoma Society
- National Institutes of Health (1K08AI060890-01A1, 1R01AR056720-01A1, 1R01CA122569-01A)
- Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
- Keywords
- skin-resident T cells, skin immunity, regulatory T cells, Th17 cells, effector memory T cells, psoriasis, skin inflammation, autoimmune tolerance, tumor immune evasion, viral latency, T cell dysfunction
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Endocytosis, Humans, Immune System, Immunologic Memory, Inflammation, Models, Biological, Psoriasis, Skin, Skin Physiological Phenomena, T-Lymphocytes, Autoimmunity, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, Interleukin-17, Mice
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