The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Melanopsin and rod-cone photoreceptive systems account for all major accessory visual functions in mice
Open accessAbstract
In the mammalian retina, besides the conventional rod-cone system, a melanopsin-associated photoreceptive system exists that conveys photic information for accessory visual functions such as pupillary light reflex and circadian photo-entrainment. On ablation of the melanopsin gene, retinal ganglion cells that normally express melanopsin are no longer intrinsically photosensitive. Furthermore, pupil reflex, light-induced phase delays of the circadian clock and period lengthening of the circadian rhythm in constant light are all partially impaired. Here, we investigated whether additional photoreceptive systems participate in these responses. Using mice lacking rods and cones, we measured the action spectrum for phase-shifting the circadian rhythm of locomotor behaviour. This spectrum matches that for the pupillary light reflex in mice of the same genotype, and that for the intrinsic photosensitivity of the melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells. We have also generated mice lacking melanopsin coupled with disabled rod and cone phototransduction mechanisms. These animals have an intact retina but fail to show any significant pupil reflex, to entrain to light/dark cycles, and to show any masking response to light. Thus, the rod-cone and melanopsin systems together seem to provide all of the photic input for these accessory visual functions.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Additionally, melanopsin (λmax ~480 nm) is expressed in intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) that mediate circadian entrainment, the pupillary light reflex, and light-regulated changes in mood (Panda et al., 2003; Hattar et al., 2003; Fernandez et al., 2018).”
From Ventral striatum dopamine release encodes unique properties of visual stimuli in mice (2023) · cites this paper as Hattar et al., 2003
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Phototransduction by retinal ganglion cells that set the circadian clock
Berson, D. M., Dunn, F. A., & Takao, M. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1067262 · Cited by 3,629
Hattar, S., Liao, H.-W., Takao, M., Berson, D. M., & Yau, K.-W. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1069609 · Cited by 2,734
Self-citationA Novel Human Opsin in the Inner Retina
Provencio, I., Rodriguez, I. R., Jiang, G., Hayes, W. P., Moreira, E. F., & Rollag, M. D. (2000) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-02-00600.2000 · Cited by 1,290
Melanopsin: An opsin in melanophores, brain, and eye
Provencio, I., Jiang, G., De Grip, W. J., Hayes, W. P., & Rollag, M. D. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.1.340 · Cited by 975
Emery, P., So, W. V., Kaneko, M., Hall, J. C., & Rosbash, M. (1998) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81637-2 · Cited by 912
Melanopsin ( Opn4 ) Requirement for Normal Light-Induced Circadian Phase Shifting
Panda, S., Sato, T. K., Castrucci, A. M., Rollag, M. D., DeGrip, W. J., Hogenesch, J. B., Provencio, I., & Kay, S. A. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1076848 · Cited by 861
Diminished Pupillary Light Reflex at High Irradiances in Melanopsin-Knockout Mice
Lucas, R. J., Hattar, S. S., Takao, M., Berson, D. M., Foster, F., & Yau, K. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1077293 · Cited by 835
Self-citationRole of Melanopsin in Circadian Responses to Light
Ruby, N. F., Brennan, T. J., Xie, X., Cao, V. H., Franken, P., Heller, H. C., & O’Hara, B. F. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1076701 · Cited by 647
Light-Independent Role of CRY1 and CRY2 in the Mammalian Circadian Clock
Griffin, E. A., Staknis, D., & Weitz, C. J. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.286.5440.768 · Cited by 646
Characterization of an ocular photopigment capable of driving pupillary constriction in mice
Lucas, R. J., Douglas, R. H., & Foster, R. G. (2001) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/88443 · Cited by 614
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Aschoff, J. in Trends in Chronobiology. Advances in the Biosciences Vol. 73 (eds Hekkens, W. T. J. M., Kerkhof, G. A. & Rietveld, W. J.) 149–161 (Pergamon, Oxford, 1988)
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Dacey, D. M., Liao, H.-W., Peterson, B. B., Robinson, F. R., Smith, V. C., Pokorny, J., Yau, K.-W., & Gamlin, P. D. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03387 · Cited by 1,333
Self-citationMeasuring and using light in the melanopsin age
Lucas, R. J., Peirson, S. N., Berson, D. M., Brown, T. M., Cooper, H. M., Czeisler, C. A., Figueiro, M. G., Gamlin, P. D., Lockley, S. W., O’Hagan, J. B., et al. (2014) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2013.10.004 · Cited by 1,278
Self-citationPhysiology of Circadian Entrainment
Golombek, D. A., & Rosenstein, R. E. (2010) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00009.2009 · Cited by 1,169
Light as a central modulator of circadian rhythms, sleep and affect
LeGates, T. A., Fernandez, D. C., & Hattar, S. (2014) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3743 · Cited by 1,001
Self-citationCentral projections of melanopsin‐expressing retinal ganglion cells in the mouse
Hattar, S., Kumar, M., Park, A., Tong, P., Tung, J., Yau, K., & Berson, D. M. (2006) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.20970 · Cited by 996
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Hattar, S., Lucas, R. J., Mrosovsky, N., Thompson, S., Douglas, R. H., Hankins, M. W., Lem, J., Biel, M., Hofmann, F., Foster, R. G., & Yau, K.-W.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Imperial College London (GB)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- City, University of London (GB)
- Tufts University (US)
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
- Technical University of Munich (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Yau, K.-W.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2003-06-15
- Volume
- 424
- Issue
- 6944
- Pages
- 75-81
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC2885907
- OpenAlex
- W2014028088
- Cited by
- 1,245
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 76 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 64 · 2016: 64 · 2015: 50 · 2014: 67 · 2013: 61 · 2012: 53
- FWCI
- 20.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- mediaTUM – the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich) (submittedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- National Eye Institute (R37EY006837, R01EY014596, R01EY006837)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Development and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
- Keywords
- melanopsin, pupillary light reflex, circadian phase shifting, action spectrum, retinal ganglion cells, mice, light entrainment
- MeSH terms
- Melanopsin, Animals, Circadian Rhythm, Darkness, Female, Ion Channels, Light, Male, Mice, Inbred C3H, Motor Activity, Reflex, Pupillary, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Vision, Ocular, Visual Perception, Rod Opsins, Gene Deletion, Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells, Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells, Mice, Knockout, Mice, Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
