The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 11 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Coupling of surface temperatures and atmospheric CO2 concentrations during the Palaeozoic era
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
On the Isotopic Chemistry of Carbonates and a Paleotemperature Scale
McCrea, J. M. (1950) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1747785 · Cited by 3,742
87Sr/86Sr, δ13C and δ18O evolution of Phanerozoic seawater
Veizer, J., Ala, D., Azmy, K., Bruckschen, P., Buhl, D., Bruhn, F., Carden, G. A. F., Diener, A., Ebneth, S., Godderis, Y., et al. (1999) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/s0009-2541(99)00081-9 · Cited by 2,694
Self-citationEquilibrium and nonequilibrium oxygen isotope effects in synthetic carbonates
Kim, S.-T., & O'Neil, J. R. (1997) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(97)00169-5 · Cited by 2,558
GEOCARB III: A revised model of atmospheric CO2 over Phanerozoic time
Berner, R. A. (2001) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/ajs.301.2.182 · Cited by 1,323
13C–18O bonds in carbonate minerals: a new kind of paleothermometer
Ghosh, P., Adkins, J., Affek, H., Balta, B., Guo, W., Schauble, E. A., Schrag, D., & Eiler, J. M. (2006) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2005.11.014 · Cited by 914
Self-citationSwart, P. K., Burns, S. J., & Leder, J. J. (1991) · Chemical Geology: Isotope Geoscience section · doi:10.1016/0168-9622(91)90055-2 · Cited by 382
18O13C16O in Earth’s atmosphere
Eiler, J. M., & Schauble, E. (2004) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2004.05.035 · Cited by 362
Self-citationEquilibrium thermodynamics of multiply substituted isotopologues of molecular gases
Wang, Z., Schauble, E. A., & Eiler, J. M. (2004) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2004.05.039 · Cited by 338
Self-citationPaleoclimates, ocean depth, and the oxygen isotopic composition of seawater
Kasting, J. F., Howard, M. T., Wallmann, K., Veizer, J., Shields, G., & Jaffrés, J. (2006) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2006.09.029 · Cited by 248
Self-citationMiddle to Late Paleozoic Atmospheric CO 2 Levels from Soil Carbonate and Organic Matter
Mora, C. I., Driese, S. G., & Colarusso, L. A. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.271.5252.1105 · Cited by 239
Research works printed but not linked: 26
- Berner, R. A. GEOCARBII: A revised model of atmospheric CO2 over Phanerozoic time. Am. J. Sci. 294, 56–91 (1994) · DOI
- François, L. M. & Walker, J. C. G. Modelling the Phanerozoic carbon cycle and climate: Constraints from the 87Sr/86Sr isotopic signature of seawater. Am. J. Sci. 292, 81–135 (1992) · DOI
- Veizer, J., Godderis, Y. & François, L. M. Evidence for decoupling of atmospheric CO2 and global climate during the Phanerozoic eon. Nature 408, 698–701 (2000) · DOI · Paper page
- Royer, D. L., Berner, R. A. & Park, J. Climate sensitivity constrained by CO2 concentrations over the past 420 million years. Nature 446, 530–532 (2007) · DOI
- Ruddiman, W. F. Earth’s Climate: Past and Future (Freeman, New York, 2001)
- Montañez, I. P. et al. CO2-forced climate and vegetation instability during Late Paleozoic deglaciation. Science 315, 87–91 (2007) · DOI · Paper page
- Yapp, C. J. & Poths, H. Ancient atmospheric CO2 pressures inferred from natural goethites. Nature 355, 342–344 (1992) · DOI
- Crowley, T. J. & North, G. R. Paleoclimatology (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 1991)
- Caputo, M. V. & Crowell, J. C. Migration of glacial centers across Gondwana during Paleozoic Era. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 96, 1020–1036 (1985) · DOI
- Frakes, L. A. & Francis, J. E. A guide to Phanerozoic cold polar climates from high-latitude ice-rafting in the Cretaceous. Nature 333, 547–549 (1988) · DOI · Paper page
- Boucot, A. J., Xu, C. & Scotese, C. R. Phanerozoic climate zones and paleogeography with a consideration of atmospheric CO2 levels. Paleont J. 38, 115–122 (2004)
- Land, L. S. Comment on “Oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of Ordovician brachiopods: Implications for coeval seawater” by H. Qing and J. Veizer. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 59, 2843–2844 (1995) · DOI
- Azmy, K., Veizer, J., Bassett, M. G. & Copper, P. Oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of Silurian brachiopods: Implications for coeval seawater and glaciations. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 110, 1499–1512 (1998) · DOI
- Azmy, K., Veizer, J., Jin, J., Copper, P. & Brand, U. Paleobathymetry of a Silurian shelf based on brachiopod assemblages: An oxygen isotope test. Can. J. Earth Sci. 43, 281–293 (2006) · DOI
- Squires, R. L. Burial Environment, Diagenesis, Mineralogy and Mg & Sr Contents of Skeletal Carbonates in the Buckhorn Asphalt of Middle Pennsylvanian Age, Arbuckle Mountains, Oklahoma. PhD thesis, California Inst. Technol. (1973)
- Brand, U. The oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of Carboniferous fossil components: Sea-water effects. Sedimentology 29, 139–147 (1982) · DOI
- Brand, U. Aragonite-calcite transformation based on Pennsylvanian molluscs. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 101, 377–390 (1989) · DOI
- Wenzel, B., Lécuyer, C. & Joachimski, M. M. Comparing oxygen isotope records of Silurian calcite and phosphate—δ18O compositions of brachiopods and conodonts. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 64, 1859–1872 (2000) · DOI
- Gregory, R. T. & Taylor, H. P. An oxygen isotope profile in a section of Cretaceous oceanic crust, Samail ophiolite, Oman – Evidence for δ18O buffering of the oceans by deep (less than 5 km) seawater-hydrothermal circulation at mid-ocean ridges. J. Geophys. Res. 86, 2737–2755 (1981) · DOI
- Brock, T. D. Life at high temperatures. Science 230, 132–138 (1985) · DOI · Paper page
- Wallmann, K. Impact of atmospheric CO2 and galactic cosmic radiation on Phanerozoic climate change and the marine δ18O record. Geochem. Geophys. Geosys. 5, Q06004 10.1029/2003GC000683. (2004) · DOI
- Böhm, F. E. et al. Oxygen isotope fractionation in marine aragonite of coralline sponges. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 64, 1695–1703 (2000) · DOI
- Adkins, J. F., Boyle, E. A., Curry, W. B. & Lutringer, A. Stable isotopes in deep sea corals and a new mechanism for ‘‘vital effect’’. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 67, 1129–1143 (2003) · DOI · Paper page
- Ghosh, P., Eiler, J. M., Campana, S. E. & Feeney, R. F. Calibration of the carbonate ‘clumped isotope’ paleothermometer for otoliths. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 71, 2736–2744 (2007) · DOI
- Brand, U., Logan, A., Hiller, N. & Richardson, J. Geochemistry of modern brachiopods: Applications and implications for oceanography and paleoceanography. Chem. Geol. 198, 305–334 (2003) · DOI · Paper page
- Wanamaker, A. D. et al. An aquaculture-based method for calibrated bivalve isotope paleothermometry. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 7 Q09011 doi: 10.1029/2005GC001189 (2006) · DOI
Cited by
Evolution of Sedimentary Rocks
Veizer, J., & Mackenzie, F. T. (2014) · Treatise on Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-095975-7.00715-4 · Cited by 1,592
Self-citationFuture climate forcing potentially without precedent in the last 420 million years
Foster, G. L., Royer, D. L., & Lunt, D. J. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms14845 · Cited by 774
Did Cooling Oceans Trigger Ordovician Biodiversification? Evidence from Conodont Thermometry
Trotter, J. A., Williams, I. S., Barnes, C. R., Lécuyer, C., & Nicoll, R. S. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1155814 · Cited by 669
Defining an absolute reference frame for ‘clumped’ isotope studies of CO2
Dennis, K. J., Affek, H. P., Passey, B. H., Schrag, D. P., & Eiler, J. M. (2011) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2011.09.025 · Cited by 627
Self-citationHuntington, K. W., Eiler, J. M., Affek, H. P., Guo, W., Bonifacie, M., Yeung, L. Y., Thiagarajan, N., Passey, B., Tripati, A., Daëron, M., et al. (2009) · Journal of Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1002/jms.1614 · Cited by 436
Self-citationPaleoclimate reconstruction using carbonate clumped isotope thermometry
Eiler, J. M. (2011) · Quaternary Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.09.001 · Cited by 436
Self-citationOrdovician and Silurian sea–water chemistry, sea level, and climate: A synopsis
Munnecke, A., Calner, M., Harper, D. A. T., & Servais, T. (2010) · Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.08.001 · Cited by 375
Microbially catalyzed dolomite formation: From near-surface to burial
Petrash, D. A., Bialik, O. M., Bontognali, T. R. R., Vasconcelos, C., Roberts, J. A., McKenzie, J. A., & Konhauser, K. O. (2017) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.06.015 · Cited by 338
Carbonate clumped isotope bond reordering and geospeedometry
Passey, B. H., & Henkes, G. A. (2012) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2012.07.021 · Cited by 326
Bernasconi, S. M., Müller, I. A., Bergmann, K. D., Breitenbach, S. F. M., Fernandez, A., Hodell, D. A., Jaggi, M., Meckler, A. N., Millan, I., & Ziegler, M. (2018) · Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems · doi:10.1029/2017gc007385 · Cited by 301
Affek, H. P., Bar-Matthews, M., Ayalon, A., Matthews, A., & Eiler, J. M. (2008) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2008.06.031 · Cited by 306
Self-citationClumped isotope thermometry of carbonatites as an indicator of diagenetic alteration
Dennis, K. J., & Schrag, D. P. (2010) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2010.04.005 · Cited by 292
Temperature limits for preservation of primary calcite clumped isotope paleotemperatures
Henkes, G. A., Passey, B. H., Grossman, E. L., Shenton, B. J., Pérez-Huerta, A., & Yancey, T. E. (2014) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2014.04.040 · Cited by 284
Carbonate clumped isotope compositions of modern marine mollusk and brachiopod shells
Henkes, G. A., Passey, B. H., Wanamaker, A. D., Grossman, E. L., Ambrose, W. G., & Carroll, M. L. (2013) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2012.12.020 · Cited by 264
Kele, S., Breitenbach, S. F. M., Capezzuoli, E., Meckler, A. N., Ziegler, M., Millan, I. M., Kluge, T., Deák, J., Hanselmann, K., John, C. M., et al. (2015) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2015.06.032 · Cited by 261
Guo, W., Mosenfelder, J. L., Goddard, W. A., & Eiler, J. M. (2009) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2009.05.071 · Cited by 262
Self-citationStolper, D. A., & Eiler, J. M. (2015) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/05.2015.01 · Cited by 257
Self-citation13C–18O isotope signatures and ‘clumped isotope’ thermometry in foraminifera and coccoliths
Tripati, A. K., Eagle, R. A., Thiagarajan, N., Gagnon, A. C., Bauch, H., Halloran, P. R., & Eiler, J. M. (2010) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2010.07.006 · Cited by 240
Self-citationMeckler, A. N., Ziegler, M., Millán, M. I., Breitenbach, S. F. M., & Bernasconi, S. M. (2014) · Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1002/rcm.6949 · Cited by 239
Petersen, S. V., Defliese, W. F., Saenger, C., Daëron, M., Huntington, K. W., John, C. M., Kelson, J. R., Bernasconi, S. M., Colman, A. S., Kluge, T., et al. (2019) · Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems · doi:10.1029/2018gc008127 · Cited by 209
Defliese, W. F., Hren, M. T., & Lohmann, K. C. (2015) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.12.018 · Cited by 190
Henkes, G. A., Passey, B. H., Grossman, E. L., Shenton, B. J., Yancey, T. E., & Pérez-Huerta, A. (2018) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2018.02.001 · Cited by 176
A revised calibration of the clumped isotope thermometer
Zaarur, S., Affek, H. P., & Brandon, M. T. (2013) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2013.07.026 · Cited by 163
Dahl, T. W., & Arens, S. K. M. (2020) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2020.119665 · Cited by 160
Carbonate clumped isotope thermometry of deep-sea corals and implications for vital effects
Thiagarajan, N., Adkins, J., & Eiler, J. (2011) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2011.05.004 · Cited by 159
Self-citationSaenger, C., Affek, H. P., Felis, T., Thiagarajan, N., Lough, J. M., & Holcomb, M. (2012) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2012.09.035 · Cited by 152
Tripati, A. K., Hill, P. S., Eagle, R. A., Mosenfelder, J. L., Tang, J., Schauble, E. A., Eiler, J. M., Zeebe, R. E., Uchikawa, J., Coplen, T. B., et al. (2015) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2015.06.021 · Cited by 139
Self-citationTang, J., Dietzel, M., Fernandez, A., Tripati, A. K., & Rosenheim, B. E. (2014) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2014.03.005 · Cited by 137
Oxygen isotope composition of the Phanerozoic ocean and a possible solution to the dolomite problem
Ryb, U., & Eiler, J. M. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1719681115 · Cited by 129
Self-citationAn automated method for ‘clumped-isotope` measurements on small carbonate samples
Schmid, T. W., & Bernasconi, S. M. (2010) · Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1002/rcm.4598 · Cited by 124
An early Cambrian greenhouse climate
Hearing, T. W., Harvey, T. H. P., Williams, M., Leng, M. J., Lamb, A. L., Wilby, P. R., Gabbott, S. E., Pohl, A., & Donnadieu, Y. (2018) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aar5690 · Cited by 120
Guo, W. (2020) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2019.07.055 · Cited by 108
A process-based model for non-equilibrium clumped isotope effects in carbonates
Watkins, J. M., & Hunt, J. D. (2015) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2015.09.042 · Cited by 105
Grauel, A.-L., Schmid, T. W., Hu, B., Bergami, C., Capotondi, L., Zhou, L., & Bernasconi, S. M. (2013) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2012.12.049 · Cited by 111
Empirical calibration of the clumped isotope paleothermometer using calcites of various origins
Wacker, U., Fiebig, J., Tödter, J., Schöne, B. R., Bahr, A., Friedrich, O., Tütken, T., Gischler, E., & Joachimski, M. M. (2014) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2014.06.004 · Cited by 101
Oxygen isotopes and MgCO3 in brachiopod calcite and a new paleotemperature equation
Brand, U., Azmy, K., Bitner, M. A., Logan, A., Zuschin, M., Came, R., & Ruggiero, E. (2013) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.09.014 · Cited by 99
Self-citationThe isotopic anatomies of molecules and minerals
Eiler, J. M. (2013) · Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences · doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105348 · Cited by 96
Self-citationShenton, B. J., Grossman, E. L., Passey, B. H., Henkes, G. A., Becker, T. P., Laya, J. C., Perez-Huerta, A., Becker, S. P., & Lawson, M. (2015) · Geological Society of America Bulletin · doi:10.1130/b31169.1 · Cited by 84
Clumped isotope composition of cold-water corals: A role for vital effects?
Spooner, P. T., Guo, W., Robinson, L. F., Thiagarajan, N., Hendry, K. R., Rosenheim, B. E., & Leng, M. J. (2016) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2016.01.023 · Cited by 84
Determining the Δ47 acid fractionation in dolomites
Murray, S. T., Arienzo, M. M., & Swart, P. K. (2016) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2015.10.029 · Cited by 83
Stolper, D. A., Eiler, J. M., & Higgins, J. A. (2018) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2018.01.037 · Cited by 56
Self-citationFernandez, A., Korte, C., Ullmann, C. V., Looser, N., Wohlwend, S., & Bernasconi, S. M. (2021) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2020.10.005 · Cited by 50
Geologic and Geochemical Constraints on Earth's Early Atmosphere
Farquhar, J., Zerkle, A. L., & Bekker, A. (2014) · Treatise on Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-095975-7.01304-8 · Cited by 53
Near Equilibrium 13C18O Bonding During Inorganic Calcite Precipitation Under Chemo‐Stat Conditions
Levitt, N. P., Eiler, J. M., Romanek, C. S., Beard, B. L., Xu, H., & Johnson, C. M. (2018) · Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems · doi:10.1002/2017gc007089 · Cited by 48
Self-citationVickers, M. L., Fernandez, A., Hesselbo, S. P., Price, G. D., Bernasconi, S. M., Lode, S., Ullmann, C. V., Thibault, N., Hougaard, I. W., & Korte, C. (2020) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116401 · Cited by 49
Theoretical estimation of the equilibrium distribution of clumped isotopes in nature
Cao, X., & Liu, Y. (2012) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2011.11.021 · Cited by 47
A 600-Million-Year Carbonate Clumped-Isotope Record from the Sultanate of Oman
Bergmann, K. D., Al Balushi, S. A. K., Mackey, T. J., Grotzinger, J. P., & Eiler, J. M. (2018) · Journal of Sedimentary Research · doi:10.2110/jsr.2018.51 · Cited by 46
Self-citationLoyd, S. J., Corsetti, F. A., Eagle, R. A., Hagadorn, J. W., Shen, Y., Zhang, X., Bonifacie, M., & Tripati, A. K. (2015) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2015.04.010 · Cited by 45
Influence of water on clumped-isotope bond reordering kinetics in calcite
Brenner, D. C., Passey, B. H., & Stolper, D. A. (2018) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2017.12.026 · Cited by 41
Fiebig, J., Hofmann, S., Löffler, N., Lüdecke, T., Methner, K., & Wacker, U. (2016) · Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies · doi:10.1080/10256016.2015.1010531 · Cited by 41
Kimball, J., Eagle, R., & Dunbar, R. (2016) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-13-6487-2016 · Cited by 36
“Calcitic specimens have been represented by certain species of mollusks (Eagle et al., 2013; Henkes et al., 2013), brachiopods (Came et al., 2007; Henkes et al., 2013), and foraminifera (Tripati et al., 2010).”
BackgroundBahniuk, A., McKenzie, J. A., Perri, E., Bontognali, T. R. R., Vögeli, N., Rezende, C. E., Rangel, T. P., & Vasconcelos, C. (2015) · Geological Society, London, Special Publications · doi:10.1144/sp418.11 · Cited by 37
Came, R. E., Azmy, K., Tripati, A., & Olanipekun, B.-J. (2017) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2016.10.028 · Cited by 29
Self-citationCoogan, L. A., Daëron, M., & Gillis, K. M. (2019) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2018.12.014 · Cited by 26
Asta, M. P., Bonilla-Correa, S., Pace, A., Dietzel, M., García-Alix, A., Vennemann, T., Meibom, A., & Adams, A. (2025) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2025.09.029
Metadata
- Authors
- Came, R. E., Eiler, J. M., Veizer, J., Azmy, K., Brand, U., & Weidman, C. R.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2007-09-13
- Volume
- 449
- Issue
- 7159
- Pages
- 198-201
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2050474988
- Cited by
- 284
- References
- 11
- FWCI
- 9.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.