The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Tracing the stepwise oxygenation of the Proterozoic ocean
Open accessAbstract
Biogeochemical signatures preserved in ancient sedimentary rocks provide clues to the nature and timing of the oxygenation of the Earth's atmosphere. Geochemical data suggest that oxygenation proceeded in two broad steps near the beginning and end of the Proterozoic eon (2,500 to 542 million years ago). The oxidation state of the Proterozoic ocean between these two steps and the timing of deep-ocean oxygenation have important implications for the evolutionary course of life on Earth but remain poorly known. Here we present a new perspective on ocean oxygenation based on the authigenic accumulation of the redox-sensitive transition element molybdenum in sulphidic black shales. Accumulation of authigenic molybdenum from sea water is already seen in shales by 2,650 Myr ago; however, the small magnitudes of these enrichments reflect weak or transient sources of dissolved molybdenum before about 2,200 Myr ago, consistent with minimal oxidative weathering of the continents. Enrichments indicative of persistent and vigorous oxidative weathering appear in shales deposited at roughly 2,150 Myr ago, more than 200 million years after the initial rise in atmospheric oxygen. Subsequent expansion of sulphidic conditions after about 1,800 Myr ago (refs 8, 9) maintained a mid-Proterozoic molybdenum reservoir below 20 per cent of the modern inventory, which in turn may have acted as a nutrient feedback limiting the spatiotemporal distribution of euxinic (sulphidic) bottom waters and perhaps the evolutionary and ecological expansion of eukaryotic organisms. By 551 Myr ago, molybdenum contents reflect a greatly expanded oceanic reservoir due to oxygenation of the deep ocean and corresponding decrease in sulphidic conditions in the sediments and water column.
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In the citing paper
“Furthermore, Archean marine sediments have low concentrations of elements that enter rivers during oxidative continental weathering (68–70).”
From The Archean atmosphere (2020) · cites this paper as [68]
In the citing paper
“Low concentrations of redox sensitive elements (e.g., Mo and V) and their low ratios with TOC of marine black shales have been observed throughout Earth history before the Ediacaran, and interpreted as the result of low oxygen concentration in ocean and atmosphere33,34.”
From Subtle Cr isotope signals track the variably anoxic Cryogenian interglacial period with voluminous manganese accumulation and decrease in biodiversity (2019) · cites this paper as [33]
In the citing paper
“The uranium isotope record indicates that the modeled oxygenation state of the early Cambrian oceans was neither steady nor monotonous (7–9, 47, 48), but rather oscillated dramatically in concert with changes to the global marine carbon cycle as indicated by the δ13C curve.”
From Atmosphere-ocean oxygen and productivity dynamics during early animal radiations (2019) · cites this paper as [47]
In the citing paper
“Based on the collective data for the boring billion (Arnold et al., 2004; Scott et al., 2008; Planavsky et al., 2011; Poulton and Canfield, 2011; Partin et al., 2013; Reinhard et al., 2013; as reviewed in Lyons et al., 2014), Fe-rich (ferruginous) waters must have dominated the deeper ocean.”
From Oxygenation, Life, and the Planetary System during Earth's Middle History: An Overview (2021) · cites this paper as Scott et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“Muted metal enrichments in euxinic shales support the possibility of low marine molybdenum (Mo) inventories during the boring billion due to high rates of sediment uptake within the anoxic and euxinic oceans (Scott et al., 2008)”
From Oxygenation, Life, and the Planetary System during Earth's Middle History: An Overview (2021) · cites this paper as Scott et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“The contrasting behaviors of molybdenum, chromium, uranium, and rhenium in organic-rich marginal sedimentary rocks deposited throughout the mid-Proterozoic qualitatively indicate widespread marine anoxia (Partin et al. 2013, Reinhard et al. 2013, Scott et al. 2008, Sheen et al. 2018)”
From The History of Ocean Oxygenation (2022) · cites this paper as Scott et al. 2008
In the citing paper
“All available data that constrain the marine landscape in the midProterozoic ocean are consistent with only locally developed euxinic conditions along productive continental margins (e.g., in oxygen-minimum zones) or within intracratonic basins”
From Iron formations: A global record of Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic environmental history (2017) · cites this paper as Scott et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“The emerging picture from black shales indicates that Precambrian seawater reservoirs of redox-sensitive elements were nowhere close to those of the Phanerozoic (e.g., Scott et al., 2008; Partin et al., 2013b; Reinhard et al., 2013).”
From Iron formations: A global record of Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic environmental history (2017) · cites this paper as Scott et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“Following increasing oxygenation in late Neoproterozoic (Canfield et al., 2007;Scott et al., 2008;Sahoo et al., 2012;Lyons et al., 2014a, Planavsky et al., 2014a;Sahoo et al., 2016), these sulfide complexes would have become less abundant, resulting in greater availability of Cd, Cu, and Zn.”
From Trace elements at the intersection of marine biological and geochemical evolution (2016) · cites this paper as Scott et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“the marine metal reservoir exerts a first order control on enrichments in euxinic and anoxic sediments (Algeo and Lyons, 2006;Lyons et al., 2009;Scott et al., 2008;Reinhard et al., 2013b).”
From Trace elements at the intersection of marine biological and geochemical evolution (2016) · cites this paper as Scott et al., 2008
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Deoxygenation in warming oceans--Looking back to the future
Lyons, T. W., & Reinhard, C. T. (2012) · Geology · doi:10.1130/focus072012.1 · Cited by 1
Self-citationWITHDRAWN: An Ediacaran iron formation: New evidence for ferruginous late Neoproterozoic seawater
Ernesto Pecoits, A., Aubet, N. R., Gingras, M. K., Poulton, S. W., Bekker, A., Veroslavsky, G., & Konhauser, K. O. (2011) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2011.10.002 · Cited by 1
Self-citationPhylogenomics in Algal Research: Current Trends and Future Perspectives
Chan, C. X. (2015) · Cellular origin, life in extreme habitats and astrobiology · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-7321-8_20 · Cited by 1
Section 8. The Interaction of Iron with Other Biogeochemical Cycles
Raiswell, R., & Canfield, D. E. (2012) · Geochemical Perspectives · Cited by 1
RIPENING KINETICS OF IRON SULFIDES IN THE PRESENCE/ABSENCE OF A CARBONYL GROUP
Nolan, J., & Murowchick, J. B. (2018) · Abstracts with programs - Geological Society of America · doi:10.1130/abs/2018am-324259 · Cited by 1
“…2011; Li et al., 2017), paleomagnetic proxies (Ariztegui and Dobson, 1996; Horng et al., 1998; Jiang et al., 2001; Horng and Roberts, 2006), and paleoredox markers for the oceans throughout geologic time (Rouxel et al., 2005; Scott et al., 2008; Planavsky et al., 2011; Poulton and Canfield, 2011).”
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Functional Designs of the Gas Exchangers
Maina, J. N. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-20395-4_5 · Cited by 1
王, 新., 史, 晓., 汤, 冬., & Jiang, G. (2014) · SCIENTIA SINICA Terrae · doi:10.1360/zd-2014-44-6-1142
陈, 哲., 袁, 训., 万, 斌., Xiao, S., 周, 传., 关, 成., 华, 洪., & 王, 伟. (2012) · Chinese Science Bulletin (Chinese Version) · doi:10.1360/csb2012-57-34-3219
Eberlin, M. N., GONZÁLEZ, G. A., Keas, M. N., Luskin, C. R., Meyer, S. C., Miller, B., Rana, F. R., Believe, R. T., Ross, H. N., Believe, R. T., et al. (2022) · Reformed theology in Africa series · doi:10.4102/aosis.2022.bk334 · Cited by 2
Precambrian evolution of the nitrogen cycle
Johnson, B., & Stüeken, E. E. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-99762-1.00026-7 · Cited by 2
Influence of tectonic element recycling on magma-associated mineral deposits
Tomkins, A. G., & Finch, M. A. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-99762-1.00070-x · Cited by 1
Maslov, A. V., Podkovyrov, V. N., & Kotov, A. B. (2023) · Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation · doi:10.31857/s0869592x23020060 · Cited by 1
Seawater Redox Conditions in the Late Paleoproterozoic: Insight from the North China Craton
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Sen, A., Mukhopadhyay, S., Stüeken, E. E., Samanta, P., Sarkar, S., Bose, S., Agarwal, S., & Kumar, A. (2024) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2024.107661 · Cited by 1
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“The gradual redox evolution of the Neoproterozoic oceans is reflected in several geochemical proxies, such as Mo concentrations in black shales (e.g., Scott et al. (2008)), which show a distinct increase during the NOE.”
The chitin raft hypothesis for the colonization of the open ocean by cyanobacteria
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“Indeed, relative to Proterozoic sediments, Phanerozoic sediments show an increase in the levels of molybdenum [30] and phosphorus [27,31], as well as the onset of a stable oceanic nitrate pool [32,33], consistent with these proposals.”
The worm turned, and the ocean followed
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“Evidence for this ‘‘Great Oxidation Event’’ (GOE) and the corresponding increase in sulfate delivery to the ocean comes in many forms, including distributions of the isotopes of sulfur preserved in pyrite found in ancient sedimentary rocks.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationChanges in Arsenic Levels in the Precambrian Oceans in Relation to the Upcome of Free Oxygen
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Self-citation中国五台绿岩带2.52 Ga枕状熔岩中候选生物改造结构的生物成因性和同生性评估
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Hodel, F. (2019) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.14.2019.tde-29052018-081758 · Cited by 1
Phosphorus Cycling under different redox conditions
Xiong, Y. (2018) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) · Cited by 1
The effects of cyanobacteria and dissolved organic carbon on marine trace metal cycling
Bishop, B. (2018) · ERA: Education and Research Archive (University of Alberta) · doi:10.7939/r3639km84 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Scott, C., Lyons, T. W., Bekker, A., Shen, Y., Poulton, S. W., Chu, X., & Anbar, A. D.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Riverside (US)
- Carnegie Institution for Science (US)
- Université du Québec à Montréal (CA)
- Newcastle University (GB)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Arizona State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Scott, C.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2008-03
- Volume
- 452
- Issue
- 7186
- Pages
- 456-459
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2041762395
- Cited by
- 1,098
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 37 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 73 · 2022: 60 · 2021: 81 · 2020: 83 · 2019: 74 · 2018: 81 · 2017: 61 · 2016: 53 · 2015: 71 · 2014: 51 · 2013: 55 · 2012: 56
- FWCI
- 37.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Danmarks Grundforskningsfond
- NASA Astrobiology Institute
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Natural Environment Research Council (NE/C518465/2)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Keywords
- molybdenum, black shales, oxidative weathering, total organic carbon, ocean redox state, atmospheric oxygenation, Neoproterozoic, Precambrian, sulfur cycling, early animal evolution, Precambrian stratigraphy
- MeSH terms
- Atmosphere, Molybdenum, Oceans and Seas, Oxygen, Seawater, Sulfides, Time Factors, Geologic Sediments, History, Ancient
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