The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 8 of the 42 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Volcanic carbon dioxide vents show ecosystem effects of ocean acidification
Open accessAbstract
The atmospheric partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) will almost certainly be double that of pre-industrial levels by 2100 and will be considerably higher than at any time during the past few million years. The oceans are a principal sink for anthropogenic CO2 where it is estimated to have caused a 30% increase in the concentration of H+ in ocean surface waters since the early 1900s and may lead to a drop in seawater pH of up to 0.5 units by 2100 (refs 2, 3). Our understanding of how increased ocean acidity may affect marine ecosystems is at present very limited as almost all studies have been in vitro, short-term, rapid perturbation experiments on isolated elements of the ecosystem. Here we show the effects of acidification on benthic ecosystems at shallow coastal sites where volcanic CO2 vents lower the pH of the water column. Along gradients of normal pH (8.1–8.2) to lowered pH (mean 7.8–7.9, minimum 7.4–7.5), typical rocky shore communities with abundant calcareous organisms shifted to communities lacking scleractinian corals with significant reductions in sea urchin and coralline algal abundance. To our knowledge, this is the first ecosystem-scale validation of predictions that these important groups of organisms are susceptible to elevated amounts of pCO2. Sea-grass production was highest in an area at mean pH 7.6 (1,827 μatm pCO2) where coralline algal biomass was significantly reduced and gastropod shells were dissolving due to periods of carbonate sub-saturation…
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Claims the paper makes
20 Own result · 11 No full text of the sources · 9 Own interpretation · 4 Partly supported · 4 Sources not found · 4 Not checked yet · 3 Supported · 3 Own method · 2 No basis given · accuracy not yet measured
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“an effect which probably increases their risk of predation 22 .”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [22] Bibby, R. et al. Ocean acidification disrupts induced defences in the intertidal gastropod Littorina littorea . Biol. Lett. 3, 699–701 (2007) source
The Abstract says acidified seawater disrupted induced shell thickening in Littorina littorea, increasing vulnerability to predation. The Results and discussion describes reduced shell thickening under low pH as a potential survival concern; the claim’s “probably” appropriately reflects that predation risk was inferred rather than measured. (LLM, conf=0.91)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Organisms with aragonite skeletons were common outside the vents (for example, Halimeda algae and the corals Caryophyllia, Cladocora and Balanophyllia) but were absent at mean V arag # 2.5 (minimum V arag 0.8-1.2),providing in situ support for predictions of global coral reef dissolution at these concentrations 8 .”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [8] Hoegh-Guldberg, O. et al. Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification. Science 318, 1737–1742 (2007) source
In “Ocean Acidification and Reef Accretion” (page unavailable), the paper says reef carbonate accretion approaches zero or becomes negative at aragonite saturation around 3.3. Its “Trajectories in Response to Climate Change” section predicts that reef erosion will exceed calcification as saturation falls, supporting the cited prediction at ≤2.5. The vent observations are the citing paper’s own evidence, not a finding attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.85)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We found that Corallinaceae cover was significantly reduced at lowered pH (Table 1 and Supplementary Tables 234).”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sea-grass production was highest in an area at mean pH 7.6 (1,827 matm p CO 2 ) where coralline algal biomass was significantly reduced and gastropod shells were dissolving due to periods of”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Juveniles of Osilinus turbinata and Patella caerulea gastropods were absent in areas with pH minima #7.4,where all adult gastropod shells (including Hexaplex trunculus and Cerithium vulgatum) were weakened by the acidified sea water (Figs 2 and 4, Table 1 and Supplementary Video), an effect which probably increases their risk of predation 22 .”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The species populating the vent sites comprise a suite of organisms that are resilient to naturally high concentrations of p CO 2 and indicate that ocean acidification may benefit highly invasive non-native algal species.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Juveniles of Osilinus turbinata and Patella caerulea gastropods were absent in areas with pH minima #7.4,where all adult gastropod shells (including Hexaplex trunculus and Cerithium vulgatum) were weakened by the acidified sea water (Figs 2 and 4, Table 1 and Supplementary Video), an effect which probably increases their risk of predation 22 .”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Rocky-shore stations with a mean pH of 7.8-7.9(mean p CO 2 804-957 matm) showed a 30% reduction in species numbers (notably calcifiers) compared with the normal pH stations (Supplementary Tables 3 and 4).”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A suite of algal genera proved to be resilient to naturally high amounts of p CO 2 (for example, Caulerpa, Cladophora, Asparagopsis, Dictyota and Sargassum), some of which include invasive alien species that have begun to alter shallow marine ecosystems worldwide 17 .”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The only Cnidaria in waters undersaturated with aragonite were anemones such as Anemonia viridis, which may benefit from increased p CO 2 for photosynthesis of its endosymbiotic dinoflagellates.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 13
- It may state two separate claims as one. 19
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“and may lead to a drop in seawater pH of up to 0.5 units by 2100 (refs 2, 3).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [2] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Summary for Policymakers. In Climate Change 2007: The Physical Sciences Basis. Working Group I Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC (eds Solomon, S. et al.) (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 2007)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Supportedcites [3] Caldeira, K. & Wickett, M. E. Ocean model predictions of chemistry changes from carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere and ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 110 C09S04 doi: 10.1029/2004JC002671 (2005) source
Section 3.1.1 reports that the highest-emission SRES pathway produces a global surface-ocean pH reduction approaching 0.5 units by 2100. The Discussion and Conclusions likewise gives a range of about 0.3–0.5 units by 2100 for the SRES pathways. (LLM, conf=0.94)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The oceans are a principal sink for anthropogenic CO 2 where it is estimated to have caused a 30% increase in the concentration of Hfoot_0 in ocean surface waters since the early 1900s”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [2] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Summary for Policymakers. In Climate Change 2007: The Physical Sciences Basis. Working Group I Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC (eds Solomon, S. et al.) (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 2007)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Partly supportedcites [3] Caldeira, K. & Wickett, M. E. Ocean model predictions of chemistry changes from carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere and ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 110 C09S04 doi: 10.1029/2004JC002671 (2005) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction (§1) says added CO₂ lowers ocean pH, and Table 1 in Discussion and Conclusions (§5) gives a mean surface-ocean pH decrease of 0.09 from preindustrial conditions to 2000. That corresponds to roughly a 23% increase in H⁺ concentration, not the claimed 30%; the table also uses a preindustrial baseline rather than the early 1900s. (LLM, conf=0.86)
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“given that high-latitude pteropods and coral reefs may be unable to make their skeletons by the year 2100 (refs 7, 13).”
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [7] Orr, J. C. et al. Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms. Nature 437, 681–686 (2005) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Biological impacts section (p. 5) reports shell dissolution in live pteropods under conditions projected for 2100 and suggests that some high-latitude pteropods may be unable to maintain their shells. For reef-building corals, the paper reports declining calcification rates (p. 1), not that coral reefs may be unable to make skeletons by 2100. (LLM, conf=0.87)
- Partly supportedcites [13] Davies, A. J., Roberts, J. M. & Hall-Spencer, J. Preserving deep-sea natural heritage: emerging issues in offshore conservation and management. Biol. Conserv. 138, 299–312 (2007) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Section 2.1 (page unavailable) says organisms with calcium-carbonate skeletons face hindered growth in undersaturated water and projects that about 70% of known cold-water coral locations could become undersaturated by 2099. It does not say that coral reefs generally will be unable to make skeletons, and the searched passages do not address high-latitude pteropods. (LLM, conf=0.85)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Short-term laboratory experiments show that many calcareous organisms may be unable to build their skeletons as oceans acidify over the next 100 years 6,7 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [6] Feely, R. A. et al. Impact of anthropogenic CO2 on the CaCO3 system in the oceans. Science 305, 362–366 (2004) source
- Partly supportedcites [7] Orr, J. C. et al. Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms. Nature 437, 681–686 (2005) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The opening section (p. 1) says experimental evidence suggests corals and some plankton will have difficulty maintaining calcium-carbonate skeletons as ocean chemistry changes this century. Biological impacts (p. 5) reports shell dissolution in a 48-hour pteropod experiment and reduced calcification in other organisms. These passages support a risk to skeleton formation, but they do not show that many kinds of organisms may be unable to build skeletons altogether. (LLM, conf=0.86)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“This may combine with other stresses, such as global warming, to drive tropical coral reefs towards functional collapse 8 .”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [8] Hoegh-Guldberg, O. et al. Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification. Science 318, 1737–1742 (2007) source
The paper’s opening summary says global warming and ocean acidification will compromise reef growth and drive reefs toward a tipping point for functional collapse. The ‘Thermal Stress, Synergies, and Ecological Feedback Loops’ section also says acidification and bleaching together enhance harmful feedbacks in coral ecosystems. Page numbers are not provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.93)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The pH and saturation states (V) of calcite and aragonite varied with sea state, being lowest on calm days, and showed large decreases as p CO 2 amounts increased from approximately 300 to more than 2,000 matm through the venting gas fields (Fig. 2 and Supplementary Table 2).”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sea urchins (Paracentrotus lividus, Arbacia lixula), which have high magnesium calcite skeletons, were the most common large invertebrates on sublittoral rock outside the vents but their abundance was significantly reduced where pH reached minima of 7.4-7.5 (Table 1 and Fig. 2).”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sea-grass leaves at P 1 (pH 8.2) had 75% cover of calcified epiphytes but only 2% cover at P 4 (mean pH 7.6) with a significant reduction in epiphytic calcium carbonate per leaf (Table 1 and Figs 3 and 4).”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sea-grass production was highest in an area at mean pH 7.6 (1,827 matm p CO 2 ) where coralline algal biomass was significantly reduced and gastropod shells were dissolving due to periods of”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Organisms with aragonite skeletons were common outside the vents (for example, Halimeda algae and the corals Caryophyllia, Cladocora and Balanophyllia) but were absent at mean V arag # 2.5 (minimum V arag 0.8-1.2),providing in situ support for predictions of global coral reef dissolution at these concentrations 8 .”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As coralline algal cover fell from .60% outside the vent area to zero within it, non-calcareous algal cover increased significantly from near zero to .60% (Fig. 2 and Table 1).”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“where shoot density was significantly higher (Table 1 and Fig. 3) and approximately 30% higher than that known anywhere else around Ischia 12 .”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [12] Ambiente. Marino Costiero e Territorio Delle Isole Flegree (eds Gambi, M. C., Lauro, M. & Jannuzzi, F.) (Accademia di Scienze Fische e Matematiche, Italy, 2003)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Other calcitic organisms, such as the barnacle Chthamalus stellatus, for example, may survive pH minima by closing their rostral plates as their abundance was not significantly reduced until extremely low mean pH 6.6 (Table 1 and Fig. 2).”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When heavily epiphytised leaves were transplanted from station P 1 to P 4 they showed complete dissolution of Corallinaceae in 2 weeks, whereas transplants moved within P 1 were unaffected.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Along gradients of normal pH (8.1-8.2) to lowered pH (mean 7.8-7.9,minimum 7.4-7.5),typical rocky shore communities with abundant calcareous organisms shifted to communities lacking scleractinian corals with significant reductions in sea urchin and coralline algal abundance.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The atmospheric partial pressure of carbon dioxide (p CO 2 ) will almost certainly be double that of pre-industrial levels by 2100 and will be considerably higher than at any time during the past few million years 1 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [1] Pearson, P. N. & Palmer, M. R. Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations over the past 60 million years. Nature 406, 695–699 (2000) source
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Some marine CO 2 vents are at ambient seawater temperature and lack toxic sulphur compounds; such vents can prevail for years to millenia 12 and may be used as natural experiments to advance our understanding of ocean acidification at the ecosystem level.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [12] Ambiente. Marino Costiero e Territorio Delle Isole Flegree (eds Gambi, M. C., Lauro, M. & Jannuzzi, F.) (Accademia di Scienze Fische e Matematiche, Italy, 2003)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Mesocosm experiments have led to predictions that Corallinaceae, which help to protect against coral reef erosion in the tropics, are vulnerable to ocean acidification due to the solubility of their high magnesium calcite skeletons 15,16 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [15] Kleypas, J. A. et al. Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Coral Reefs and Other Marine Calcifiers: A Guide for Future Research. Report of a workshop held 18–20 April 2005, St. Petersburg, FL, sponsored by NSF, NOAA, and the US Geological Survey. (2006)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [16] Kuffner, I. B. et al. Decreased abundance of crustose coralline algae due to ocean acidification. Nature Geosci 1, 114–117 (2008) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The only Cnidaria in waters undersaturated with aragonite were anemones such as Anemonia viridis, which may benefit from increased p CO 2 for photosynthesis of its endosymbiotic dinoflagellates.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Some marine CO 2 vents are at ambient seawater temperature and lack toxic sulphur compounds; such vents can prevail for years to millenia 12 and may be used as natural experiments to advance our understanding of ocean acidification at the ecosystem level.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [12] Ambiente. Marino Costiero e Territorio Delle Isole Flegree (eds Gambi, M. C., Lauro, M. & Jannuzzi, F.) (Accademia di Scienze Fische e Matematiche, Italy, 2003)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“A suite of algal genera proved to be resilient to naturally high amounts of p CO 2 (for example, Caulerpa, Cladophora, Asparagopsis, Dictyota and Sargassum), some of which include invasive alien species that have begun to alter shallow marine ecosystems worldwide 17 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [17] Boudouresque, C. F. & Verlaque, M. Biological pollution in the Meditterranean Sea: invasive versus introduced macrophytes. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 44, 32–38 (2002) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Marine CO 2 vents are abundant in the Mediterranean, especially around Italy and Greece where they typically eject volcanic fluids containing up to 1-2% hydrogen sulphide 10,11 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Williams, S. N., Schaefer, S. J., Calvache v, M. L & Lopez, D. Global carbon dioxide emission to the atmosphere by volcanoes. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 1765–1770 (1992) source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [11] Dando, P. R., Stuben, D. & Varnavas, S. P. Hydrothermalism in the Mediterranean Sea. Prog. Oceanogr. 44, 333–367 (1999) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Mesocosm experiments have shown that sea-grass production can be enhanced at high p CO 2 (ref.19).”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [19] Palacios, S. L. & Zimmerman, R. C. Response of eelgrass Zostera marina to CO2 enrichment: possible impacts of climate change and potential for remediation of coastal habitats. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 344, 1–13 (2007) source
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Although scleractinians can survive skeletal dissolution as polyps in the laboratory 14 , reduced calcification due to low V arag may result in increased risk to predation or competition in open ecosystems.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Fine, M. & Tchernov, D. Scleractinian coral species survive and recover from decalcification. Science 315, 1811 (2007) source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Natural CO 2 flux from volcanic vents and high heat flow areas amounts to less than 0.5% of anthropogenic emissions to the global carbon budget, but can alter local ocean chemistry 9,10 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] Kerrick, D. M., McKibben, M. A., Seward, T. M. & Caldeira, K. Convective hydrothermal CO2 emission from high heat-flow regions. Chem. Geol. 121, 285–293 (1995) source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Williams, S. N., Schaefer, S. J., Calvache v, M. L & Lopez, D. Global carbon dioxide emission to the atmosphere by volcanoes. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 1765–1770 (1992) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although atmospheric diffusion of CO 2 is not predicted to result in aragonite undersaturation in shallow waters of the Mediterranean, observations of such areas are relevant to the localized effects caused by deliberate CO 2 sequestration and to the widespread effects predicted for areas that at present have low V arag , given that high-latitude pteropods and coral reefs may be unable to make”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The analysed Posidonia oceanica shoots were .10yr old at the subtidal study sites and will have integrated the effects of lowered pH over this time.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Salinity (38%) and total alkalinity (2.5 mequiv.kg 21 ) were homogeneous between survey stations and temperature-matched ambient seasonal fluctuations (13-25 uC).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“as ocean acidification will probably bring about reductions in biodiversity and radically alter ecosystems.”
§ Volcanic carbon dioxide vents show ecosystem effects of ocean acidification > NATURE
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This opportunity to observe the tipping points at which principal groups of marine organisms are affected by lowered pH proves that, even without global warming, the projected rise in atmospheric CO 2 concentration is hazardous, as ocean acidification will probably”
§ Volcanic carbon dioxide vents show ecosystem effects of ocean acidification > NATURE
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Although our results may apply to CO 2 -limited seagrasses in other tropical and temperate environments”
From Experimental impacts of climate warming and ocean carbonation on eelgrass Zostera marina (2017) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al. 2008
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“At natural CO2 vent sites, growth and areal cover of seagrasses were observed to be much greater than at adjacent non-CO2 enriched sites [15, 25].”
From Light Levels Affect Carbon Utilisation in Tropical Seagrass under Ocean Acidification (2016) · cites this paper as [25]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Under future scenarios of OA, marine macrophytes like seagrass could benefit, from both increased DIC concentration and a proportional rise in CO2 [15, 25].”
From Light Levels Affect Carbon Utilisation in Tropical Seagrass under Ocean Acidification (2016) · cites this paper as [25]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The calcareous skeleton of coralline algae renders them sensitive to acidi fi ed conditions (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Jokiel et al. 2008; Kuffner et al. 2008; Martin et al. 2008; Gao & Zheng 2010).”
From Ocean acidification outweighs nutrient effects in structuring seagrass epiphyte communities (2014) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al. 2008
In the citing paper
“In general, seagrasses seem able to thrive under high CO 2 conditions (Palacios and Zimmerman, 2007;Hall-Spencer et al., 2008), although the associated epiphytic algal cover falls as CO 2 levels increase (Martin et al., 2008).”
From Effects of ocean acidification on macroalgal communities (2011) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“The unique occurrence of S. vulgare in the most acidified zone (Buia, unpublished data) might relate to a lack of grazing by sea urchins”
From Effects of ocean acidification on macroalgal communities (2011) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“Volcanic vents show that some invasive macroalgae can tolerate persistent high CO 2 levels and also demonstrate what ecological shifts can be expected in vegetated marine ecosystems(Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
From Effects of ocean acidification on macroalgal communities (2011) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“and completely absent from the Ischia CO 2 vents (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
From Effects of ocean acidification on macroalgal communities (2011) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“Volcanic vents show that some invasive macroalgae can tolerate persistent high CO 2 levels and also demonstrate what ecological shifts can be expected in vegetated marine ecosystems(Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
From Effects of ocean acidification on macroalgal communities (2011) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al., 2008
Citations
Cites
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Barker, T. J., Bashmakov, I., Bernstein, L., Bogner, J. R., Bosch, P. C., Dave, R., Davidson, O., Fisher, B. S., Grubb, M. J., Gupta, S. K., et al. (2007) · Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling · Cited by 9,160
Catastrophic shifts in ecosystems
Scheffer, M., Carpenter, S., Foley, J. A., Folke, C., & Walker, B. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35098000 · Cited by 7,510
Coral Reefs Under Rapid Climate Change and Ocean Acidification
Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Mumby, P. J., Hooten, A. J., Steneck, R. S., Greenfield, P., Gomez, E., Harvell, C. D., Sale, P. F., Edwards, A. J., Caldeira, K., et al. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1152509 · Cited by 5,885
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Impact of Anthropogenic CO 2 on the CaCO 3 System in the Oceans
Feely, R. A., Sabine, C. L., Lee, K., Berelson, W., Kleypas, J., Fabry, V. J., & Millero, F. J. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1097329 · Cited by 2,262
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Pearson, P. N., & Palmer, M. R. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35021000 · Cited by 1,771
Ocean acidification due to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide
Raven, J. A., Caldeira, K., Elderfield, H., Hoegh‐Guldberg, O., Liss, P., Riebesell, U., Shepherd, J. G., Turley, C., & Watson, A. J. (2005) · Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) · Cited by 1,296
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 901–1,000 of 1,358
Marine Ecosystems, Biogeochemistry, and Climate
Doney, S. C. (2013) · International geophysics/International geophysics series · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-391851-2.00031-3 · Cited by 12
“Effects on natural populations and communities so far have been more difficult to detect outside of a limited number of pelagicmesocosm experiments and some studies in isolated high-CO2 environments such as shallow volcanic vents that tend to support laboratory findings (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Fabricius et al., 20…”
Andersson, A. J. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-095975-7.00619-7 · Cited by 13
Characterization of the exoskeleton of the Antarctic king crab Paralomis birsteini
Steffel, B. V., Smith, K. E., Dickinson, G. H., Flannery, J. A., Baran, K. A., Rosen, M. N., McClintock, J. B., & Aronson, R. B. (2019) · Invertebrate Biology · doi:10.1111/ivb.12246 · Cited by 11
Giglio, S. D., Agüera, A., Pernet, P., M’Zoudi, S., Angulo‐Preckler, C., Àvila, C., & Dubois, P. (2020) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142669 · Cited by 11
Bioconstructions in the Mediterranean: Present and Future
Kružić, P. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6704-1_25 · Cited by 12
Esposito, V., Auriemma, R., Vittor, C. D., Relitti, F., Urbini, L., Kralj, M., & Gambi, M. C. (2022) · Journal of Marine Science and Engineering · doi:10.3390/jmse10040451 · Cited by 10
“One of the first vent systems studied to assess the effect of OA on the benthic biota was the Castello Aragonese islet off the Ischia island [8,9], while to date at least other 23 CO2-vent systems have been studied to some extent [10].”
BackgroundCoastal carbonate system variability along an active lava–seawater interface
González-Santana, D., Santana‐Casiano, J. M., González, A. G., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.952203 · Cited by 11
“The addition of magmatic CO2 has been observed at other submarine eruptions in the Canary Islands or eruptions reaching the sea (Cheminée et al., 1991; Gıślason et al., 2002; Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Santana-Casiano et al., 2013).”
BackgroundBialik, O. M., & Sisma‐Ventura, G. (2016) · Anthropocene · doi:10.1016/j.ancene.2016.08.001 · Cited by 11
The drivers of change in UK ecosystems and ecosystem services
Winn, J., Tierney, M., Heathwaite, A. L., et al. (2011) · Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) · Cited by 11
Pasqua, M. D., Gambi, M. C., Caricato, R., Lionetto, M. G., & Giangrande, A. (2019) · Marine Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.01.011 · Cited by 11
Aquaculture Farmers' Economic Risks Due to Climate Change: Evidence from Vietnam
Nguyen, T. V., Tran, T. Q., & Ahsan, D. A. (2022) · European Journal of Business Science and Technology · doi:10.11118/ejobsat.2022.006 · Cited by 10
“There is also an indirect effect from cyclones and storm-surges on the productivity of aquaculture ponds because a cyclonic event changes the quality of aquatic habitat and ecosystem productivity (Edwards and Richardson, 2004; Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
Backgrounddi Montanara, A. C., Baldrighi, E., Correa, M. L., Chianese, E., Appolloni, L., Simoncini, N., Sandulli, R., Zeppilli, D., Semprucci, F., Gambi, M. C., et al. (2024) · Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science · doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2024.108730 · Cited by 10
Kempasiddaiah, M., Samanta, R., Trivedi, R. K., Shrivastava, D., Chakraborty, B., & Barman, S. (2024) · ACS Applied Energy Materials · doi:10.1021/acsaem.4c01358 · Cited by 11
Epibenthic community variation along an acidified tropical estuarine system
Hossain, M. B., Marshall, D. J., & Hall-Spencer, J. M. (2019) · Regional Studies in Marine Science · doi:10.1016/j.rsma.2019.100888 · Cited by 10
Self-citationAllen, R. J., Summerfield, T. C., Harvey, B. P., Agostini, S., Rastrick, S. P. S., Hall-Spencer, J. M., & Hoffmann, L. J. (2021) · Climate Change Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.ecochg.2021.100017 · Cited by 12
“At volcanic seeps, CO2 percolates through the seafloor and dissolves in seawater creating areas of localised acidification comparable to conditions projected by the end of the century (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Agostini et al. 2015).”
BackgroundSelf-citationComeau, S., & Cornwall, C. E. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17001-5_29-1 · Cited by 13
Seasonal Upwelling Conditions Modulate the Calcification Response of a Tropical Scleractinian Coral
Gómez, C. E., Chaparro, A. A., Bernal, C. A., López, D. I. G., Navas‐Camacho, R., & David Alonso, C. (2023) · Oceans · doi:10.3390/oceans4020012 · Cited by 12
Efremova, J., Mazzella, V., Mirasole, A., Teixidó, N., & Núñez‐Pons, L. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170171 · Cited by 10
Scipione, M. B. (2013) · Mediterranean Marine Science · doi:10.12681/mms.650 · Cited by 10
“…off the Island of Ischia (Gulf of Naples, Italy), in the framework of a research programme focused on evaluating the impact of low pH values on benthic assemblages (e.g. Hall-Spencer et al., 2008), stimulated a review of data available on its distribution and ecology in the Mediterranean Sea.”
BackgroundHofmann, L. C., Fink, A., Bischof, K., & de Beer, D. (2015) · Journal of Phycology · doi:10.1111/jpy.12347 · Cited by 13
Langer, G., Sadekov, A., Nehrke, G., et al. (2018) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2018.02.044 · Cited by 10
Self-citationFalkenberg, L. J., Dupont, S., & Bellerby, R. G. J. (2018) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2018.00453 · Cited by 10
Echeverry, A. M., Londoño‐Cruz, E., & Benítez, H. A. (2020) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani10040675 · Cited by 10
“Additional features may also be considered, like the shell thickness that provides information about swell intensity, since this would allow identifying the compressive strength and, hence, resistance to predation; for example, thin shells may are more exposed and susceptible to predation [79].”
BackgroundKumar, A., Nonnis, S., Castellano, I., AbdElgawad, H., Beemster, G. T. S., Buia, M. C., Maffioli, E., Tedeschi, G., & Palumbo, A. (2022) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1111/mec.16553 · Cited by 10
Self-citationEnvironmental risks and performance assessment of carbon dioxide (CO2) leakage in marine ecosystems
Blackford, J. C., Widdicombe, S., Lowe, D., & Chen, B. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1533/9781845699581.3.344 · Cited by 10
Seaweed chemical diversity: an additional and efficient tool for coastal evaluation
Martins, C. D. L., Lhullier, C., Ramlov, F., et al. (2014) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-014-0361-z · Cited by 10
Self-citationWang, Y. V., Lebrato, M., Tseng, L., Larsen, T., Smith-Sánchez, N., Lee, P.-W., Molinero, J. C., Hwang, J., Chan, T., & Garbe‐Schönberg, D. (2023) · Functional Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2435.14312 · Cited by 9
“Chemosynthetic production occurs when warm vent fluids rich in sulphides, methane, and other minerals mix with seawater (Chan et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2017; Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Levin et al., 2016; Tarasov et al., 2005).”
BackgroundRhodolith Beds in a Shifting World: A Palaeontological Perspective
Aguirre, J., & Braga, J. C. (2024) · Aquatic Conservation Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems · doi:10.1002/aqc.70015 · Cited by 9
Blain, C. O., Kulins, S. E., Radford, C. A., Sewell, M. A., & Shears, N. T. (2021) · ICES Journal of Marine Science · doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsab184 · Cited by 10
Ocean Carbon Sequestration by Direct Injection
Chow, A. C. H. (2014) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/57386 · Cited by 9
“While Echinoderms are notably absent from habitats with naturally high CO2 levels such as hydrothermal vents and shallow CO2 vents off the coast of Italy [53], sponges appeared to tolerate these same sites.”
BackgroundClues from Current High CO2 Environments on the Effects of Ocean Acidification on CaCO3 Preservation
Andersson, A. J., Bates, N. R., Jeffries, M. A., Freeman, K. M., Davidson, C., Stringer, S., Betzler, E., & Mackenzie, F. T. (2013) · Aquatic Geochemistry · doi:10.1007/s10498-013-9210-y · Cited by 9
“2008), volcanic CO2 vents (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Fabricius et al. 2011), and submarine groundwater discharge (Crook et al.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialChanges in soft coral Sarcophyton sp. abundance and cytotoxicity at volcanic CO2 seeps in Indonesia
Januar, H. I., Zamani, N. P., Soedarma, D., & Chasanah, E. (2016) · AIMS environmental science · doi:10.3934/environsci.2016.2.239 · Cited by 10
“Previous observations at these locations have reported a shift in coral reef composition towards domination of non-coral reef building organisms along acidification gradients caused by shallow water volcanic vent systems [7-9].”
Wäge, J., Rotchell, J. M., Gambi, M. C., & Hardege, J. D. (2017) · Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science · doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2017.11.012 · Cited by 9
A Microservices-Based Platform for Efficiently Managing Oceanographic Data
Galletta, A., Carnevale, L., Buzachis, A., et al. (2018) · doi:10.1109/innovate-data.2018.00011 · Cited by 9
“[3] The process of continuous acidification of the ocean waters has, among the many problems, an effect on the food chain connected to these waters.”
BackgroundEnergy Intensity and Human Mobility after the Anthropocene
Mohorčich, J. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12062376 · Cited by 9
Daskalopoulou, K., D’Alessandro, W., Longo, M., Pecoraino, G., & Calabrese, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.775247 · Cited by 12
Wallenstein, F., Couto, R. P., Torrão, D. F., Neto, A. I., Rodrigues, A., & Wilkinson, M. (2012) · Helgoland Marine Research · doi:10.1007/s10152-012-0341-0 · Cited by 8
Impacts of Climate Change on Marine Organisms
Helmuth, B. S. T., Babij, E., Duffy, E., Fauquier, D. A., Graham, M., Hollowed, A. B., Howard, J., Hutchins, D. A., Jewett, L., Knowlton, N., et al. (2013) · Island Press/Center for Resource Economics eBooks · doi:10.5822/978-1-61091-480-2_3 · Cited by 10
Benítez, S., Duarte, C., Opitz, T., Lagos, N. A., Pulgar, J., Vargas, C. A., & Lardies, M. A. (2017) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.011 · Cited by 9
“These results could also (as indicated above) indicate an acclimatation of this species to high pCO2 (Wootton et al., 2008; Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Thomsen et al., 2010, 2013.”
ResultHerrera, M., Liew, Y. J., Venn, A. A., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.666510 · Cited by 9
Redmond, S. (2013) · OpenCommons - UConn (University of Connecticut) · Cited by 9
Carbonate Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Its Sequestration in Aquatic System
Vashist, M., Chawla, H., & Singh, S. (2022) · doi:10.1002/9781119870562.ch10 · Cited by 10
Taise, A., Krieger, E. C., Bury, S. J., & Cornwall, C. E. (2023) · New Zealand Journal of Botany · doi:10.1080/0028825x.2023.2289432 · Cited by 10
“Previous broad analyses have indicated that non-calcareous macroalgae will increase in coverage under future OA at the expense of calcareous species (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Hepburn et al. 2011; Connell et al. 2013).”
Marshall, D. J., & Tsikouras, B. (2024) · Marine Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106536 · Cited by 8
The trade-offs associated with the adaptions of marine microalgae to high CO2 and warming
Liang, X. P., Raven, J. A., Beardall, J., Overmans, S., Xia, J., & Jin, P. (2024) · Marine Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106853 · Cited by 8
Zhang, M., Yang, W., Zhang, J., et al. (2025) · Marine Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107058 · Cited by 8
Zuo, Z., Chen, L., Zhu, Y., Huang, Y., Li, F., & Xiao, X. (2025) · Current Pollution Reports · doi:10.1007/s40726-025-00367-5 · Cited by 12
“A field study of volcanic carbon dioxide vents demonstrated that seagrass productivity peaked at a mean pH of 7.6 as pH decreased from normal levels (8.1–8.2) to lower values (mean 7.8–7.9, minimum 7.4–7.5) [112].”
InfluentialAssessing the potential for community shift from hard coral to soft coral and its impact
Inoue, S., & TAKAHASHI, A. (2012) · Journal of the Japanese Coral Reef Society · doi:10.3755/jcrs.16.29 · Cited by 6
“…り，造礁サンゴ，ウニ，貝など多くの海洋生物の骨 格や殻を形成する炭酸カルシウムの飽和度が低下す る．そのため，海洋酸性化はこれらの生物の石灰化 * 連絡著者 E-mail: shr-inoue@eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp ** 現所属 日本科学未来館 〒135-0064 東京都江東区青海 2-3-6 担当編集者 : 樋口富彦 総 説 を抑制し，発生や成長に悪影響を及ぼす可能性があ る（Pandolfi et al. 2011）。こうした温暖化・海洋酸 性化のグローバルなストレスに加え，沿岸部の土地 開発に伴う赤土等の流出，栄養塩の増加などローカ…”
Guo, Y., Zhou, B., Sun, T., Zhang, Y., Jiang, Y., & Wang, Y. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.761117 · Cited by 6
Labra, F. A., Martín, V. A. S., Jahnsen-Guzmán, N., Fernández, C., Zapata, J., García‐Huidobro, M. R., Duarte, C., García‐Herrera, C., Vivanco, J. F., Lardies, M. A., et al. (2022) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114149 · Cited by 8
Wei, Z., Zhang, Y., Yang, F., Long, L., Yang, F., & Long, L. (2022) · Acta Oceanologica Sinica · doi:10.1007/s13131-022-2037-x · Cited by 6
“…calcifying macroalgae (Moya et al., 2012; Hofmann et al., 2014; Wei et al., 2020a), and a variety of benthic invertebrates (Dupont et al., 2008; Hall-Spencer et al., 2008), have been determined to be potentially deleterious on physiological performance, such as growth, calcification,…”
BackgroundLyu, L., Lu, D., Sun, C., et al. (2019) · Marine Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2019.03.011 · Cited by 8
Mustapha, N., & Marshall, D. J. (2021) · Environmental Monitoring and Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10661-021-09479-z · Cited by 8
The effects of elevated-CO2 on physiological performance of Bryopsis plumosa
Yıldız, G., & Dere, Ş. (2015) · Acta Oceanologica Sinica · doi:10.1007/s13131-015-0652-5 · Cited by 8
Briva, A., Lecuona, E., & Sznajder, J. I. (2010) · Archivos de Bronconeumología · doi:10.1016/s1579-2129(10)70088-4 · Cited by 7
“Elevated CO(2) induces biochemical and ultrastructural changes in leaves of the C(4) cereal sorghum.”
BackgroundMacroalgae and Temperate Rocky Reefs
Wernberg, T., Smale, D. A., Vergés, A., Campbell, A. H., Russell, B. D., Coleman, M. A., Ling, S., Steinberg, P. D., Johnson, C. R., Kendrick, G. A., et al. (2012) · UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) · Cited by 11
Short-term effects of elevated CO2 on periphyton community in an artificially constructed channel
Park, H., Kwon, D., Kim, B., & Hwang, S. (2016) · Journal of Ecology and Environment · doi:10.1186/s41610-016-0009-9 · Cited by 8
“Almost all studies on algal biomass variations with increased CO2 have been conducted in marine water in response to a volcanic eruption (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Johnson et al. 2011).”
Comeau, S., & Cornwall, C. E. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-21012-4_29 · Cited by 9
Valvassori, G., Benedetti, M., Regoli, F., et al. (2019) · Journal of Marine Biology · doi:10.1155/2019/8415916 · Cited by 8
Donham, E. M., Hamilton, S. L., Price, N. N., Kram, S., Kelly, E. L. A., Johnson, M. D., Neu, A. T., & Smith, J. E. (2021) · Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2021.151548 · Cited by 8
Decreasing pH impairs sexual reproduction in a Mediterranean coral transplanted at a CO2 vent
Marchini, C., Gizzi, F., Pondrelli, T., Moreddu, L., Marisaldi, L., Montori, F., Lazzari, V., Airi, V., Caroselli, E., Prada, F., et al. (2021) · Limnology and Oceanography · doi:10.1002/lno.11937 · Cited by 10
“To complement laboratory studies, areas naturally enriched inCO2, such as CO2 vents have been used to investigate the effect of ocean acidification in the field (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Fabricius et al. 2011; Rodolfo-Metalpa et al. 2011).”
MethodSouza, L. D. S., Bonnail, E., Duarte, L. F. D. A., et al. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app13127199 · Cited by 7
Wu, S., Yu, K., Wang, F., et al. (2024) · Aquatic Ecology · doi:10.1007/s10452-024-10137-y · Cited by 7
“It is projected that seawater acidity will decrease to 7.8 by 2100, accompanied by a 150% increase in H + concentration compared to 1800 (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008).”
InfluentialClimate change impacts on coral reefs and emerging resilience pathways: A systematic review
Bhuyan, M. S., Jenzri, M., Islam, M. T., Adikari, D., & Hoque, M. M. (2026) · Ocean & Coastal Management · doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2026.108134 · Cited by 12
Physiological responses of coccolithophores to abrupt exposure of naturally low pH deep seawater
Iglesias-Rodriguez, M. D., Jones, B., Blanco‐Ameijeiras, S., Greaves, M. J., Huete‐Ortega, M., & Lebrato, M. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0181713 · Cited by 7
Hulver, A. M., Carbonne, C., Teixidó, N., Comeau, S., Kemp, D. W., Keister, E. F., Gattuso, J., & Grottoli, A. G. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0306725 · Cited by 7
Chauhan, A., Pathak, A., Rodolfo‐Metalpa, R., Milazzo, M., Green, S. J., & Hall-Spencer, J. M. (2015) · Genome Announcements · doi:10.1128/genomea.01543-14 · Cited by 8
Self-citationJones, J. M., Passow, U., & Fradkin, S. C. (2018) · Elementa Science of the Anthropocene · doi:10.1525/elementa.312 · Cited by 7
“Calcareous coralline algae are also ranked among the most sensitive taxonomic groups in our analysis, which is consistent with earlier work (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Kroeker et al., 2010), but may have specific implications for intertidal zone ecology.”
BackgroundResultSeaweed community response to a massive CO2 input
Sangil, C., Clemente, S., Brito, A., Rodríguez, A., Balsalobre, M., Mendoza, J. C., Martínez, D., & Hernández, J. C. (2016) · Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science · doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2016.05.025 · Cited by 7
Pajusalu, L., Martin, G., Põllumäe, A., & Paalme, T. (2016) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2016.00239 · Cited by 7
Devi, R. A., Kavitha, B., Rajarajan, M., et al. (2018) · Separation Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/01496395.2018.1447582 · Cited by 7
Turley, C., & Findlay, H. S. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63524-2.00018-x · Cited by 9
Young, C. S., & Gobler, C. J. (2021) · Biological Invasions · doi:10.1007/s10530-020-02445-9 · Cited by 7
(1984) · Environmental Policy and Law · doi:10.1016/s0378-777x(84)80068-2 · Cited by 7
“In the Mediterranean, volcanic CO2 vents, which lower the pH of the water column, were found to support a number of invasive macroalgae, including, Sargassum, Caulerpa and Asparagopsis, whereas native coralline algae were excluded (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
A Framework to Advance the Understanding of the Ecological Effects of Extreme Climate Events
Sanz‐Lázaro, C. (2019) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su11215954 · Cited by 8
“, [56]) can be a good compromise between losing replicability and being able to do a field manipulative experiment.”
BackgroundSignorini, S. G., Munari, M., Crocetta, F., Moro, I., D'Aniello, I., Nigro, L., Micheli, F., & Torre, C. D. (2025) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2025.121874 · Cited by 6
Hawkins, S. J., O’Shaughnessy, K. A., Branch, G. M., Airoldi, L., Bray, S., Brooks, P. R., Burrows, M. T., Castilla, J. C., Crowe, T. P., Davies, T. W., et al. (2025) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118214 · Cited by 8
Malformation in coccolithophores in low pH waters: evidences from the eastern Arabian Sea
Shetye, S. S., Gazi, S., Manglavil, A., Shenoy, D. M., Kurian, S., Pratihary, A. K., Shirodkar, G., Mohan, R., Dias, A., Naik, H., et al. (2023) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-023-25249-5 · Cited by 6
The impact of ocean acidification on gastropod shell dissolution and microstructure
Li, X., Song, H., Tian, L., Chen, X., Sun, X., Yan, J., Jia, E., Feng, Y. W., & Chu, D. (2025) · Anthropocene · doi:10.1016/j.ancene.2025.100470 · Cited by 6
Lui, H., Liu, M.-Y., Lin, H., Tseng, H., Liu, L., Wang, F., Hou, W., Chang, R., & Chen, C. A. (2021) · Frontiers in Earth Science · doi:10.3389/feart.2021.697388 · Cited by 8
“…and reduced calcification rates of many live calcifying organisms (Glover and Kidwell, 1993; Orr et al., 2005; Shirayama and Thornton, 2005; Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Talmage and Gobler, 2010; Lischka et al., 2011; Moya et al., 2016; Peck et al., 2016; Zhai, 2018; Li and Zhai, 2019; Zhai…”
BackgroundEffects of the ocean acidification on the functional structure of coral reef nematodes
Esteves, A. M., de Souza, T. P., Sarmento, V. C., Maria, T. F., & dos Santos, P. J. P. (2022) · Coral Reefs · doi:10.1007/s00338-022-02296-x · Cited by 7
Costa, V., Sciutteri, V., Consoli, P., Manea, E., Menini, E., Andaloro, F., Romeo, T., & Danovaro, R. (2023) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.15162 · Cited by 6
“From 2009, the number of published studies almost tripled in response to an increasing scientific interest towards shallow hydrothermal vents, after their use as potential natural laboratories for studying the effects of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
BackgroundŁukawska‐Matuszewska, K., Graca, B., Sokołowski, A., Burska, D., Pryputniewicz-Flis, D., Nordtug, T., & Øverjordet, I. B. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163879 · Cited by 6
Asnicar, D., Locatello, L., Zanovello, L., Minichino, R., Masiero, L., Munari, M., & Marin, M. G. (2024) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2024.1379150 · Cited by 6
“Among marine organisms, calcifying invertebrates, such as sea urchins, are the most sensitive to OA scenario and a shift in their presence can alter profoundly the community (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Fabricius et al., 2011; Kroeker et al., 2011, 2013).”
BackgroundHart, M. B., Leighton, A. D., Smart, C., Pettit, L. R., Medina-Sánchez, I. N., Harries, P. J., Cárdenas, A., Hall-Spencer, J. M., & Prol‐Ledesma, R. M. (2014) · PEARL (University of Plymouth) · Cited by 6
Self-citationPotential Influence of Climate Change on Shellfish Aquaculture System in the Temperate Region
Jo, Q., Hur, Y. B., Cho, K. C., Jeon, C.-Y., & Lee, D. C. (2012) · The Korean Journal of Malacology · doi:10.9710/kjm.2012.28.3.277 · Cited by 6
“Shortage of calcium carbonate could directly affect organismal fitness, impacting factors such as growth rate, reproduction, and mortality (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; - 280 - Martin et al., 2008).”
BackgroundAdverse Effect of Ocean Acidification on Marine Organisms
Gallo, A., & Tosti, E. (2016) · Journal of Marine Science Research & Development · doi:10.4172/2155-9910.1000e139 · Cited by 6
“In recent years, many studies have been addressed to evaluate possible impacts of low pH on marine animals [4].”
BackgroundMishra, A. K., Silva, J., & Santos, R. (2018) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2017.00439 · Cited by 6
“This raises increased concern on the various impacts, elevated CO2 will have on the marine ecosystem (Gattuso et al., 1998; Guinotte and Fabry, 2008; Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Portner, 2008; Porzio et al., 2011).”
BackgroundWerth, A. J., & Whaley, H. R. (2019) · Annals of Ecology and Environmental Science · doi:10.22259/2637-5338.0302003 · Cited by 6
Tomatsuri, M., & Kon, K. (2019) · Aquatic Ecology · doi:10.1007/s10452-019-09709-0 · Cited by 6
“Volcanic CO2 seeps provide an ideal model to investigate the impact of OA on a community-wide level, because entire communities are exposed to long-term elevated CO2 levels (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008).”
BackgroundYamamoto, S., Kayanne, H., Fujita, N., Sato, Y., Kurihara, H., Harii, S., Hemmi, A., & Dickson, A. G. (2020) · Talanta · doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121666 · Cited by 7
Gravili, C., Cozzoli, F., & Gambi, M. C. (2021) · The European Zoological Journal · doi:10.1080/24750263.2021.1899317 · Cited by 6
“Previous and recent gas analyses (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Foo et al. 2018; Gambi et al. 2020) showed that the seawater is acidified by gas comprising 90.1–95.3% CO2, 3.2–6.6% N2, 0.6–0.8% O2, 0.08–0.1% Ar and 0.2–0.8% CH4 (no sulphur present), while both water temperature and salinity do not…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialJin, P., & Gao, K. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-75602-4_18 · Cited by 9
Limited trait responses of a tropical seagrass to the combination of increasing pCO2 and warming
Viana, I. G., Artika, S. R., Moreira‐Saporiti, A., & Teichberg, M. (2022) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/erac425 · Cited by 7
Response of Coral Reefs to Global Warming
Kayanne, H. (2016) · Coral reefs of the world · doi:10.1007/978-4-431-54364-0_7 · Cited by 6
Marine Macroalgae and the Assessment of Ecological Conditions
Vaz-Pinto, F., Rodil, I. F., Mineur, F., Olabarría, C., & Arenas, F. (2014) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b17540-5 · Cited by 7
Developing a Global Ocean Acidification Observation Network
Iglesias-Rodriguez, M. D., Anthony, K. R. N., Bijma, J., Dickson, A. G., Doney, S. C., Fabry, V. J., Feely, R. A., Gattuso, J., Lee, K., Riebesell, U., et al. (2010) · doi:10.5270/oceanobs09.pp.24 · Cited by 6
“…2006; Langer et al., 2009; Gazeau et al., 2007; Miles et al., 2007; Cooper et al., 2008; Dupont et al., 2008; Fabry et al., 2008; Feng et al., 2008; Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; IglesiasRodriguez et al., 2008; Kuffner et al., 2008; Wood et al., 2008; Arnold et al., 2009; Clark et al., 2009; Gao et…”
BackgroundRelative sensitivity of soft-bottom intertidal macrofauna to increased CO2 and experimental stress
Range, P., Martins, M., Cabral, S., Piló, D., Ben‐Hamadou, R., Teodósio, M. A., Leitão, F., Drago, T., Oliveira, A. P., Matias, D. D. C. C., et al. (2014) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps10861 · Cited by 6
“Bittium reticulatum, which was the dominant gastropod in our samples, has been found to be absent from sites adjacent to CO2 vents in the Mediterranean (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008), which could be the result of an active avoidance of these highly acidified habitats.”
BackgroundInfluentialBriva, A., Lecuona, E., & Sznajder, J. I. (2010) · Archivos de Bronconeumología · doi:10.1016/j.arbres.2010.01.009 · Cited by 6
“Elevated CO(2) induces biochemical and ultrastructural changes in leaves of the C(4) cereal sorghum.”
Ocean Acidification and its Consequences
Gattuso, J., Hansson, L., & Gazeau, F. (2014) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119007678.ch5 · Cited by 6
Metadata
- Authors
- Hall-Spencer, J. M., Rodolfo-Metalpa, R., Martin, S., Ransome, E., Fine, M., Turner, S. M., Rowley, S. J., Tedesco, D., & Buia, M.-C.
- Affiliations
- University of Plymouth (GB)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Bar-Ilan University (IL)
- University of East Anglia (GB)
- University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (IT)
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Hall-Spencer, Jason M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2008-06-08
- Volume
- 454
- Issue
- 7200
- Pages
- 96-99
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2122938469
- Cited by
- 1,359
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 77 · 2020: 76 · 2019: 79 · 2018: 90 · 2017: 86 · 2016: 100 · 2015: 100 · 2014: 108 · 2013: 98 · 2012: 110
- FWCI
- 45.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PEARL (University of Plymouth) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (submittedVersion)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Leverhulme Trust
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Keywords
- ocean acidification, volcanic CO2 vents, rocky shore communities, benthic ecosystems, pH gradient, scleractinian corals, sea urchins, coralline algae, seagrass, climate change impacts on marine ecosystems, sea surface temperature
- MeSH terms
- Acids, Animals, Atlantic Ocean, Calcium Carbonate, Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Invertebrates, Italy, Population Density, Seawater, Ecosystem, Volcanic Eruptions, Alismatales, Eukaryota
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