The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 8 of the 42 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Volcanic carbon dioxide vents show ecosystem effects of ocean acidification
Open accessAbstract
The atmospheric partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) will almost certainly be double that of pre-industrial levels by 2100 and will be considerably higher than at any time during the past few million years. The oceans are a principal sink for anthropogenic CO2 where it is estimated to have caused a 30% increase in the concentration of H+ in ocean surface waters since the early 1900s and may lead to a drop in seawater pH of up to 0.5 units by 2100 (refs 2, 3). Our understanding of how increased ocean acidity may affect marine ecosystems is at present very limited as almost all studies have been in vitro, short-term, rapid perturbation experiments on isolated elements of the ecosystem. Here we show the effects of acidification on benthic ecosystems at shallow coastal sites where volcanic CO2 vents lower the pH of the water column. Along gradients of normal pH (8.1–8.2) to lowered pH (mean 7.8–7.9, minimum 7.4–7.5), typical rocky shore communities with abundant calcareous organisms shifted to communities lacking scleractinian corals with significant reductions in sea urchin and coralline algal abundance. To our knowledge, this is the first ecosystem-scale validation of predictions that these important groups of organisms are susceptible to elevated amounts of pCO2. Sea-grass production was highest in an area at mean pH 7.6 (1,827 μatm pCO2) where coralline algal biomass was significantly reduced and gastropod shells were dissolving due to periods of carbonate sub-saturation…
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
20 Own result · 11 No full text of the sources · 9 Own interpretation · 4 Partly supported · 4 Sources not found · 4 Not checked yet · 3 Supported · 3 Own method · 2 No basis given · accuracy not yet measured
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“an effect which probably increases their risk of predation 22 .”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [22] Bibby, R. et al. Ocean acidification disrupts induced defences in the intertidal gastropod Littorina littorea . Biol. Lett. 3, 699–701 (2007) source
The Abstract says acidified seawater disrupted induced shell thickening in Littorina littorea, increasing vulnerability to predation. The Results and discussion describes reduced shell thickening under low pH as a potential survival concern; the claim’s “probably” appropriately reflects that predation risk was inferred rather than measured. (LLM, conf=0.91)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Organisms with aragonite skeletons were common outside the vents (for example, Halimeda algae and the corals Caryophyllia, Cladocora and Balanophyllia) but were absent at mean V arag # 2.5 (minimum V arag 0.8-1.2),providing in situ support for predictions of global coral reef dissolution at these concentrations 8 .”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [8] Hoegh-Guldberg, O. et al. Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification. Science 318, 1737–1742 (2007) source
In “Ocean Acidification and Reef Accretion” (page unavailable), the paper says reef carbonate accretion approaches zero or becomes negative at aragonite saturation around 3.3. Its “Trajectories in Response to Climate Change” section predicts that reef erosion will exceed calcification as saturation falls, supporting the cited prediction at ≤2.5. The vent observations are the citing paper’s own evidence, not a finding attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.85)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We found that Corallinaceae cover was significantly reduced at lowered pH (Table 1 and Supplementary Tables 234).”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sea-grass production was highest in an area at mean pH 7.6 (1,827 matm p CO 2 ) where coralline algal biomass was significantly reduced and gastropod shells were dissolving due to periods of”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Juveniles of Osilinus turbinata and Patella caerulea gastropods were absent in areas with pH minima #7.4,where all adult gastropod shells (including Hexaplex trunculus and Cerithium vulgatum) were weakened by the acidified sea water (Figs 2 and 4, Table 1 and Supplementary Video), an effect which probably increases their risk of predation 22 .”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The species populating the vent sites comprise a suite of organisms that are resilient to naturally high concentrations of p CO 2 and indicate that ocean acidification may benefit highly invasive non-native algal species.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Juveniles of Osilinus turbinata and Patella caerulea gastropods were absent in areas with pH minima #7.4,where all adult gastropod shells (including Hexaplex trunculus and Cerithium vulgatum) were weakened by the acidified sea water (Figs 2 and 4, Table 1 and Supplementary Video), an effect which probably increases their risk of predation 22 .”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Rocky-shore stations with a mean pH of 7.8-7.9(mean p CO 2 804-957 matm) showed a 30% reduction in species numbers (notably calcifiers) compared with the normal pH stations (Supplementary Tables 3 and 4).”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A suite of algal genera proved to be resilient to naturally high amounts of p CO 2 (for example, Caulerpa, Cladophora, Asparagopsis, Dictyota and Sargassum), some of which include invasive alien species that have begun to alter shallow marine ecosystems worldwide 17 .”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The only Cnidaria in waters undersaturated with aragonite were anemones such as Anemonia viridis, which may benefit from increased p CO 2 for photosynthesis of its endosymbiotic dinoflagellates.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 13
- It may state two separate claims as one. 19
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“and may lead to a drop in seawater pH of up to 0.5 units by 2100 (refs 2, 3).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [2] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Summary for Policymakers. In Climate Change 2007: The Physical Sciences Basis. Working Group I Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC (eds Solomon, S. et al.) (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 2007)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Supportedcites [3] Caldeira, K. & Wickett, M. E. Ocean model predictions of chemistry changes from carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere and ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 110 C09S04 doi: 10.1029/2004JC002671 (2005) source
Section 3.1.1 reports that the highest-emission SRES pathway produces a global surface-ocean pH reduction approaching 0.5 units by 2100. The Discussion and Conclusions likewise gives a range of about 0.3–0.5 units by 2100 for the SRES pathways. (LLM, conf=0.94)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The oceans are a principal sink for anthropogenic CO 2 where it is estimated to have caused a 30% increase in the concentration of Hfoot_0 in ocean surface waters since the early 1900s”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [2] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Summary for Policymakers. In Climate Change 2007: The Physical Sciences Basis. Working Group I Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC (eds Solomon, S. et al.) (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 2007)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Partly supportedcites [3] Caldeira, K. & Wickett, M. E. Ocean model predictions of chemistry changes from carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere and ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 110 C09S04 doi: 10.1029/2004JC002671 (2005) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction (§1) says added CO₂ lowers ocean pH, and Table 1 in Discussion and Conclusions (§5) gives a mean surface-ocean pH decrease of 0.09 from preindustrial conditions to 2000. That corresponds to roughly a 23% increase in H⁺ concentration, not the claimed 30%; the table also uses a preindustrial baseline rather than the early 1900s. (LLM, conf=0.86)
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“given that high-latitude pteropods and coral reefs may be unable to make their skeletons by the year 2100 (refs 7, 13).”
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [7] Orr, J. C. et al. Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms. Nature 437, 681–686 (2005) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Biological impacts section (p. 5) reports shell dissolution in live pteropods under conditions projected for 2100 and suggests that some high-latitude pteropods may be unable to maintain their shells. For reef-building corals, the paper reports declining calcification rates (p. 1), not that coral reefs may be unable to make skeletons by 2100. (LLM, conf=0.87)
- Partly supportedcites [13] Davies, A. J., Roberts, J. M. & Hall-Spencer, J. Preserving deep-sea natural heritage: emerging issues in offshore conservation and management. Biol. Conserv. 138, 299–312 (2007) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Section 2.1 (page unavailable) says organisms with calcium-carbonate skeletons face hindered growth in undersaturated water and projects that about 70% of known cold-water coral locations could become undersaturated by 2099. It does not say that coral reefs generally will be unable to make skeletons, and the searched passages do not address high-latitude pteropods. (LLM, conf=0.85)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Short-term laboratory experiments show that many calcareous organisms may be unable to build their skeletons as oceans acidify over the next 100 years 6,7 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [6] Feely, R. A. et al. Impact of anthropogenic CO2 on the CaCO3 system in the oceans. Science 305, 362–366 (2004) source
- Partly supportedcites [7] Orr, J. C. et al. Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms. Nature 437, 681–686 (2005) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The opening section (p. 1) says experimental evidence suggests corals and some plankton will have difficulty maintaining calcium-carbonate skeletons as ocean chemistry changes this century. Biological impacts (p. 5) reports shell dissolution in a 48-hour pteropod experiment and reduced calcification in other organisms. These passages support a risk to skeleton formation, but they do not show that many kinds of organisms may be unable to build skeletons altogether. (LLM, conf=0.86)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“This may combine with other stresses, such as global warming, to drive tropical coral reefs towards functional collapse 8 .”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [8] Hoegh-Guldberg, O. et al. Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification. Science 318, 1737–1742 (2007) source
The paper’s opening summary says global warming and ocean acidification will compromise reef growth and drive reefs toward a tipping point for functional collapse. The ‘Thermal Stress, Synergies, and Ecological Feedback Loops’ section also says acidification and bleaching together enhance harmful feedbacks in coral ecosystems. Page numbers are not provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.93)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The pH and saturation states (V) of calcite and aragonite varied with sea state, being lowest on calm days, and showed large decreases as p CO 2 amounts increased from approximately 300 to more than 2,000 matm through the venting gas fields (Fig. 2 and Supplementary Table 2).”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sea urchins (Paracentrotus lividus, Arbacia lixula), which have high magnesium calcite skeletons, were the most common large invertebrates on sublittoral rock outside the vents but their abundance was significantly reduced where pH reached minima of 7.4-7.5 (Table 1 and Fig. 2).”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sea-grass leaves at P 1 (pH 8.2) had 75% cover of calcified epiphytes but only 2% cover at P 4 (mean pH 7.6) with a significant reduction in epiphytic calcium carbonate per leaf (Table 1 and Figs 3 and 4).”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sea-grass production was highest in an area at mean pH 7.6 (1,827 matm p CO 2 ) where coralline algal biomass was significantly reduced and gastropod shells were dissolving due to periods of”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Organisms with aragonite skeletons were common outside the vents (for example, Halimeda algae and the corals Caryophyllia, Cladocora and Balanophyllia) but were absent at mean V arag # 2.5 (minimum V arag 0.8-1.2),providing in situ support for predictions of global coral reef dissolution at these concentrations 8 .”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As coralline algal cover fell from .60% outside the vent area to zero within it, non-calcareous algal cover increased significantly from near zero to .60% (Fig. 2 and Table 1).”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“where shoot density was significantly higher (Table 1 and Fig. 3) and approximately 30% higher than that known anywhere else around Ischia 12 .”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [12] Ambiente. Marino Costiero e Territorio Delle Isole Flegree (eds Gambi, M. C., Lauro, M. & Jannuzzi, F.) (Accademia di Scienze Fische e Matematiche, Italy, 2003)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Other calcitic organisms, such as the barnacle Chthamalus stellatus, for example, may survive pH minima by closing their rostral plates as their abundance was not significantly reduced until extremely low mean pH 6.6 (Table 1 and Fig. 2).”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When heavily epiphytised leaves were transplanted from station P 1 to P 4 they showed complete dissolution of Corallinaceae in 2 weeks, whereas transplants moved within P 1 were unaffected.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Along gradients of normal pH (8.1-8.2) to lowered pH (mean 7.8-7.9,minimum 7.4-7.5),typical rocky shore communities with abundant calcareous organisms shifted to communities lacking scleractinian corals with significant reductions in sea urchin and coralline algal abundance.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The atmospheric partial pressure of carbon dioxide (p CO 2 ) will almost certainly be double that of pre-industrial levels by 2100 and will be considerably higher than at any time during the past few million years 1 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [1] Pearson, P. N. & Palmer, M. R. Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations over the past 60 million years. Nature 406, 695–699 (2000) source
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Some marine CO 2 vents are at ambient seawater temperature and lack toxic sulphur compounds; such vents can prevail for years to millenia 12 and may be used as natural experiments to advance our understanding of ocean acidification at the ecosystem level.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [12] Ambiente. Marino Costiero e Territorio Delle Isole Flegree (eds Gambi, M. C., Lauro, M. & Jannuzzi, F.) (Accademia di Scienze Fische e Matematiche, Italy, 2003)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Mesocosm experiments have led to predictions that Corallinaceae, which help to protect against coral reef erosion in the tropics, are vulnerable to ocean acidification due to the solubility of their high magnesium calcite skeletons 15,16 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [15] Kleypas, J. A. et al. Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Coral Reefs and Other Marine Calcifiers: A Guide for Future Research. Report of a workshop held 18–20 April 2005, St. Petersburg, FL, sponsored by NSF, NOAA, and the US Geological Survey. (2006)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [16] Kuffner, I. B. et al. Decreased abundance of crustose coralline algae due to ocean acidification. Nature Geosci 1, 114–117 (2008) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The only Cnidaria in waters undersaturated with aragonite were anemones such as Anemonia viridis, which may benefit from increased p CO 2 for photosynthesis of its endosymbiotic dinoflagellates.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Some marine CO 2 vents are at ambient seawater temperature and lack toxic sulphur compounds; such vents can prevail for years to millenia 12 and may be used as natural experiments to advance our understanding of ocean acidification at the ecosystem level.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [12] Ambiente. Marino Costiero e Territorio Delle Isole Flegree (eds Gambi, M. C., Lauro, M. & Jannuzzi, F.) (Accademia di Scienze Fische e Matematiche, Italy, 2003)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“A suite of algal genera proved to be resilient to naturally high amounts of p CO 2 (for example, Caulerpa, Cladophora, Asparagopsis, Dictyota and Sargassum), some of which include invasive alien species that have begun to alter shallow marine ecosystems worldwide 17 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [17] Boudouresque, C. F. & Verlaque, M. Biological pollution in the Meditterranean Sea: invasive versus introduced macrophytes. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 44, 32–38 (2002) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Marine CO 2 vents are abundant in the Mediterranean, especially around Italy and Greece where they typically eject volcanic fluids containing up to 1-2% hydrogen sulphide 10,11 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Williams, S. N., Schaefer, S. J., Calvache v, M. L & Lopez, D. Global carbon dioxide emission to the atmosphere by volcanoes. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 1765–1770 (1992) source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [11] Dando, P. R., Stuben, D. & Varnavas, S. P. Hydrothermalism in the Mediterranean Sea. Prog. Oceanogr. 44, 333–367 (1999) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Mesocosm experiments have shown that sea-grass production can be enhanced at high p CO 2 (ref.19).”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [19] Palacios, S. L. & Zimmerman, R. C. Response of eelgrass Zostera marina to CO2 enrichment: possible impacts of climate change and potential for remediation of coastal habitats. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 344, 1–13 (2007) source
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Although scleractinians can survive skeletal dissolution as polyps in the laboratory 14 , reduced calcification due to low V arag may result in increased risk to predation or competition in open ecosystems.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Fine, M. & Tchernov, D. Scleractinian coral species survive and recover from decalcification. Science 315, 1811 (2007) source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Natural CO 2 flux from volcanic vents and high heat flow areas amounts to less than 0.5% of anthropogenic emissions to the global carbon budget, but can alter local ocean chemistry 9,10 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] Kerrick, D. M., McKibben, M. A., Seward, T. M. & Caldeira, K. Convective hydrothermal CO2 emission from high heat-flow regions. Chem. Geol. 121, 285–293 (1995) source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Williams, S. N., Schaefer, S. J., Calvache v, M. L & Lopez, D. Global carbon dioxide emission to the atmosphere by volcanoes. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 1765–1770 (1992) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although atmospheric diffusion of CO 2 is not predicted to result in aragonite undersaturation in shallow waters of the Mediterranean, observations of such areas are relevant to the localized effects caused by deliberate CO 2 sequestration and to the widespread effects predicted for areas that at present have low V arag , given that high-latitude pteropods and coral reefs may be unable to make”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The analysed Posidonia oceanica shoots were .10yr old at the subtidal study sites and will have integrated the effects of lowered pH over this time.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Salinity (38%) and total alkalinity (2.5 mequiv.kg 21 ) were homogeneous between survey stations and temperature-matched ambient seasonal fluctuations (13-25 uC).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“as ocean acidification will probably bring about reductions in biodiversity and radically alter ecosystems.”
§ Volcanic carbon dioxide vents show ecosystem effects of ocean acidification > NATURE
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This opportunity to observe the tipping points at which principal groups of marine organisms are affected by lowered pH proves that, even without global warming, the projected rise in atmospheric CO 2 concentration is hazardous, as ocean acidification will probably”
§ Volcanic carbon dioxide vents show ecosystem effects of ocean acidification > NATURE
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Although our results may apply to CO 2 -limited seagrasses in other tropical and temperate environments”
From Experimental impacts of climate warming and ocean carbonation on eelgrass Zostera marina (2017) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al. 2008
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“At natural CO2 vent sites, growth and areal cover of seagrasses were observed to be much greater than at adjacent non-CO2 enriched sites [15, 25].”
From Light Levels Affect Carbon Utilisation in Tropical Seagrass under Ocean Acidification (2016) · cites this paper as [25]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Under future scenarios of OA, marine macrophytes like seagrass could benefit, from both increased DIC concentration and a proportional rise in CO2 [15, 25].”
From Light Levels Affect Carbon Utilisation in Tropical Seagrass under Ocean Acidification (2016) · cites this paper as [25]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The calcareous skeleton of coralline algae renders them sensitive to acidi fi ed conditions (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Jokiel et al. 2008; Kuffner et al. 2008; Martin et al. 2008; Gao & Zheng 2010).”
From Ocean acidification outweighs nutrient effects in structuring seagrass epiphyte communities (2014) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al. 2008
In the citing paper
“In general, seagrasses seem able to thrive under high CO 2 conditions (Palacios and Zimmerman, 2007;Hall-Spencer et al., 2008), although the associated epiphytic algal cover falls as CO 2 levels increase (Martin et al., 2008).”
From Effects of ocean acidification on macroalgal communities (2011) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“The unique occurrence of S. vulgare in the most acidified zone (Buia, unpublished data) might relate to a lack of grazing by sea urchins”
From Effects of ocean acidification on macroalgal communities (2011) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“Volcanic vents show that some invasive macroalgae can tolerate persistent high CO 2 levels and also demonstrate what ecological shifts can be expected in vegetated marine ecosystems(Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
From Effects of ocean acidification on macroalgal communities (2011) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“and completely absent from the Ischia CO 2 vents (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
From Effects of ocean acidification on macroalgal communities (2011) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“Volcanic vents show that some invasive macroalgae can tolerate persistent high CO 2 levels and also demonstrate what ecological shifts can be expected in vegetated marine ecosystems(Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
From Effects of ocean acidification on macroalgal communities (2011) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al., 2008
Citations
Cites
(2007) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 9,612
Barker, T. J., Bashmakov, I., Bernstein, L., Bogner, J. R., Bosch, P. C., Dave, R., Davidson, O., Fisher, B. S., Grubb, M. J., Gupta, S. K., et al. (2007) · Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling · Cited by 9,160
Catastrophic shifts in ecosystems
Scheffer, M., Carpenter, S., Foley, J. A., Folke, C., & Walker, B. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35098000 · Cited by 7,510
Coral Reefs Under Rapid Climate Change and Ocean Acidification
Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Mumby, P. J., Hooten, A. J., Steneck, R. S., Greenfield, P., Gomez, E., Harvell, C. D., Sale, P. F., Edwards, A. J., Caldeira, K., et al. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1152509 · Cited by 5,885
THE INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Shine, K. P. (1990) · Weather · doi:10.1002/j.1477-8696.1990.tb05660.x · Cited by 5,458
Orr, J. C., Fabry, V. J., Aumont, O., Bopp, L., Doney, S. C., Feely, R. A., Gnanadesikan, A., Gruber, N., Ishida, A., Joos, F., et al. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04095 · Cited by 4,590
Impact of Anthropogenic CO 2 on the CaCO 3 System in the Oceans
Feely, R. A., Sabine, C. L., Lee, K., Berelson, W., Kleypas, J., Fabry, V. J., & Millero, F. J. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1097329 · Cited by 2,262
Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations over the past 60 million years
Pearson, P. N., & Palmer, M. R. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35021000 · Cited by 1,771
Ocean acidification due to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide
Raven, J. A., Caldeira, K., Elderfield, H., Hoegh‐Guldberg, O., Liss, P., Riebesell, U., Shepherd, J. G., Turley, C., & Watson, A. J. (2005) · Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) · Cited by 1,296
Caldeira, K., & Wickett, M. E. (2005) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans · doi:10.1029/2004jc002671 · Cited by 1,040
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ocean Acidification: The Other CO 2 Problem
Doney, S. C., Fabry, V. J., Feely, R. A., & Kleypas, J. A. (2009) · Annual Review of Marine Science · doi:10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163834 · Cited by 4,173
Significant acidification in major Chinese croplands
Guo, J. H., Liu, X. J., Zhang, Y., Shen, J. L., Han, W. X., Zhang, W. F., Christie, P., Goulding, K. W. T., Vitousek, P. M., & Zhang, F. S. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1182570 · Cited by 3,960
An overview of current status of carbon dioxide capture and storage technologies
Leung, D. Y. C., Caramanna, G., & Maroto-Valer, M. M. (2014) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.093 · Cited by 3,198
“[149] studied the effect of ocean acidification on an ecosystem near volcanic CO2 vents and concluded that ocean acidification will probably reduce the biodiversity and alter profoundly the ecosystems.”
Climate change impacts on marine ecosystems
Doney, S. C., Ruckelshaus, M., Emmett Duffy, J., Barry, J. P., Chan, F., English, C. A., Galindo, H. M., Grebmeier, J. M., Hollowed, A. B., Knowlton, N., et al. (2012) · Annual Review of Marine Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-marine-041911-111611 · Cited by 3,014
The Biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea: Estimates, Patterns, and Threats
Coll, M., Piroddi, C., Steenbeek, J., Kaschner, K., Ben Rais Lasram, F., Aguzzi, J., Ballesteros, E., Bianchi, C. N., Corbera, J., Dailianis, T., et al. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011842 · Cited by 2,155
“Seawater acidification may also be a threat to Mediterranean marine biodiversity [410].”
BackgroundMeta-analysis reveals negative yet variable effects of ocean acidification on marine organisms
Kroeker, K. J., Kordas, R. L., Crim, R. N., & Singh, G. G. (2010) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01518.x · Cited by 1,621
Climate change and interconnected risks to sustainable development in the Mediterranean
Crämer, W., Joel Guiot, B., Fader, M., Garrabou, J., Gattuso, J., Iglesias, A., Lange, M. A., Lionello, P., Llasat, M. C., Paz, S., et al. (2018) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0299-2 · Cited by 1,585
Sokolova, I. M., Frederich, M., Bagwe, R., Lannig, G., & Sukhotin, A. A. (2012) · Marine Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2012.04.003 · Cited by 1,548
“…to elevated CO2 and reduced seawater pH was shown to inhibit biomineralization rates and increase shell dissolution in marine calcifiers (Gazeau et al., 2007; Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Kurihara, 2008; Kurihara et al., 2008; McClintock et al., 2009; Ries et al., 2009; Nienhuis et al., 2010).”
BackgroundVulnerability of national economies to the impacts of climate change on fisheries
Allison, E. H., Perry, A. L., Badjeck, M., Adger, W. N., Brown, K., Conway, D., Halls, A. S., Pilling, G. M., Reynolds, J. D., Andrew, N. L., et al. (2009) · Fish and Fisheries · doi:10.1111/j.1467-2979.2008.00310.x · Cited by 1,331
Threats to sandy beach ecosystems: A review
Defeo, O., McLachlan, A., Schoeman, D. S., et al. (2008) · Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science · doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2008.09.022 · Cited by 1,242
“…unit less than pre-industrial levels and predicted to decline by a further 0.3–0.4 units by the end of the century) will reduce calcification rates and calcium metabolism in marine organisms (Feely et al., 2004), including several sandy beach molluscs and crustaceans (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialResponses of Marine Organisms to Climate Change across Oceans
Poloczanska, E. S., Burrows, M. T., Brown, C. J., Molinos, J. G., Halpern, B. S., Hoegh‐Guldberg, O., Kappel, C. V., Moore, P. J., Richardson, A. J., Schoeman, D. S., et al. (2016) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2016.00062 · Cited by 1,121
“Studies at volcanic CO2 seeps and eruptions reveal a reduction in the abundance of calcifying invertebrates, including scleractinian corals and algae, along pH gradients (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Fabricius et al., 2014; Gil-Díaz et al., 2014).”
BackgroundLosers and winners in coral reefs acclimatized to elevated carbon dioxide concentrations
Fabricius, K. E., Langdon, C., Uthicke, S., Humphrey, C., Noonan, S., De’ath, G., Okazaki, R., Muehllehner, N., Glas, M. S., & Lough, J. M. (2011) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate1122 · Cited by 1,006
High-Frequency Dynamics of Ocean pH: A Multi-Ecosystem Comparison
Hofmann, G. E., Smith, J. E., Johnson, K. S., Send, U., Levin, L. A., Micheli, F., Paytan, A., Price, N. N., Peterson, B., Takeshita, Y., et al. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028983 · Cited by 1,014
“With that said, recent field studies have demonstrated that natural variation in seawater chemistry does influence organismal abundance and distribution [16,35,36].”
BackgroundInfluentialClimate change and ocean acidification effects on seagrasses and marine macroalgae
Koch, M., Bowes, G., Ross, C., & Zhang, X. (2013) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02791.x · Cited by 869
“Additional insight into OA effects on macroalgal communities has come from CO2 vent surveys (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Martin et al., 2008; Fabricius et al., 2011; Porzio et al., 2011; Johnson et al., 2012).”
BackgroundMan and the Last Great Wilderness: Human Impact on the Deep Sea
Ramírez-Llodra, E., Tyler, P. A., Baker, M., Bergstad, O. A., Clark, M. R., Escobar-Briones, E. G., Levin, L. A., Menot, L., Rowden, A. A., Smith, C. R., et al. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022588 · Cited by 900
“The atmospheric partial pressure of carbon dioxide is currently the highest experienced on Earth for the last 20 million years, and is estimated by 2100 to be double that of pre-industrial times [229].”
BackgroundIs Ocean Acidification an Open-Ocean Syndrome? Understanding Anthropogenic Impacts on Seawater pH
Duarte, C. M., Hendriks, I. E., Moore, T. S., Olsen, Y. S., Steckbauer, A., Ramajo, L., Carstensen, J., Trotter, J. A., & McCulloch, M. (2013) · Estuaries and Coasts · doi:10.1007/s12237-013-9594-3 · Cited by 725
“Volcanic CO2 vents produce shallow-water gradients of pH across tens of meters, reaching values as low as 6.6–6.8 in the Mediterranean, for example around the most active vents in Ischia and Vulcano Islands, Italy (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Johnson et al. 2013) and pH values <7.7 (as low as 7.21) in volcanic seeps in…”
BackgroundInfluentialImpacts of ocean acidification on marine shelled molluscs
Gazeau, F., Parker, L. M., Comeau, S., Gattuso, J., O’Connor, W. A., Martin, S. G., Pörtner, H., & Ross, P. M. (2013) · Marine Biology · doi:10.1007/s00227-013-2219-3 · Cited by 750
“The release of CO 2 lowers pH to less than 7 (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationEFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON GLOBAL SEAWEED COMMUNITIES
Harley, C. D. G., Anderson, K. M., Demes, K. W., Jorve, J. P., Kordas, R. L., Coyle, T. A., & Graham, M. H. (2012) · Journal of Phycology · doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2012.01224.x · Cited by 707
“Indeed, coralline algae are relatively rare or absent from both tropical and temperate sites with naturally occurring carbon dioxide seeps (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008, Fabricius et al. 2011, Porzio et al. 2011).”
BackgroundImpacts of Climate Change on Marine Organisms and Ecosystems
Brierley, A. S., & Kingsford, M. J. (2009) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2009.05.046 · Cited by 726
“All of these are likely to suffer as increasing acidity reduces carbonate availability, and impacts at the species level may cascade through to widespread community change [60].”
BackgroundThe Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Marine Ecosystems and Reliant Human Communities
Doney, S. C., Busch, D. S., Cooley, S. R., & Kroeker, K. J. (2020) · Annual Review of Environment and Resources · doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-012320-083019 · Cited by 754
“Seagrass meadows: increase or no change in primary productivity (135, 136), grazing by herbivores (102, 141–143), competition between seagrass and macroalgae (93, 137, 140).”
BackgroundWootton, J. T., Pfister, C. A., & Forester, J. D. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0810079105 · Cited by 537
Immersive Virtual Reality Field Trips Facilitate Learning About Climate Change
Markowitz, D. M., Laha, R., Perone, B., Pea, R. D., & Bailenson, J. N. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02364 · Cited by 615
“The underwater processes in this region provide scientists with a “crystal ball” to see what will happen to oceans as more carbon dioxide is added to the atmosphere (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Kroeker et al., 2011).”
BackgroundSensitivities of extant animal taxa to ocean acidification
Wittmann, A. C., & Pörtner, H. (2013) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate1982 · Cited by 553
Adaptive evolution of a key phytoplankton species to ocean acidification
Lohbeck, K. T., Riebesell, U., & Reusch, T. B. H. (2012) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo1441 · Cited by 553
RETRACTED: Ocean acidification disrupts the innate ability of fish to detect predator olfactory cues
Dixson, D. L., Munday, P. L., & Jones, G. P. (2009) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01400.x · Cited by 513
“To date, most concerns about the effects of ocean acidification have centered on the likely impacts on calcifying organisms (Kleypas et al. 1996; Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Kuffner et al. 2008).”
BackgroundRetractedCoral-associated invertebrates
Stella, J. S., Pratchett, M. S., Hutchings, P., & Jones, G. P. (2011) · Oceanography and Marine Biology/Oceanography and marine biology - an annual review · doi:10.1201/b11009-3 · Cited by 522
Barton, A., Hales, B., Waldbusser, G. G., Langdon, C., & Feely, R. A. (2012) · Limnology and Oceanography · doi:10.4319/lo.2012.57.3.0698 · Cited by 537
Harvey, B. P., Gwynn‐Jones, D., & Moore, P. J. (2013) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.516 · Cited by 515
Coral and mollusc resistance to ocean acidification adversely affected by warming
Rodolfo‐Metalpa, R., Houlbrèque, F., Tambutté, É., Boisson, F., Baggini, C., Patti, F. P., Jeffree, R. A., Fine, M., Foggo, A., Gattuso, J., et al. (2011) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate1200 · Cited by 478
Self-citationKabir, M., Habiba, U. E., Khan, W., Shah, A., Rahim, S., Ríos-Escalante, P. D. L., Farooqi, Z.-U.-R., Ali, L., & Shafiq, M. (2023) · Journal of King Saud University - Science · doi:10.1016/j.jksus.2023.102693 · Cited by 565
Response of Mediterranean coralline algae to ocean acidification and elevated temperature
MARTIN, S., & GATTUSO, J. (2009) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01874.x · Cited by 459
“They are absent in naturally acidified seawater where other calcifiers can survive (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Martin et al., 2008).”
BackgroundSelf-citationImpacts of climate change in a global hotspot for temperate marine biodiversity and ocean warming
Wernberg, T., Russell, B. D., Moore, P. J., Ling, S., Smale, D. A., Campbell, A. H., Coleman, M. A., Steinberg, P. D., Kendrick, G. A., & Connell, S. D. (2011) · Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2011.02.021 · Cited by 478
“…species respond to various environmental and ecological conditions across existing gradients of temperature (Pennings and Silliman, 2005;Wernberg et al., 2010) andpH(Hall-Spencer et al., 2008) have provided important insights into how species or systems may respond to changing climate conditions.”
BackgroundInfluentialReplenishment of fish populations is threatened by ocean acidification
Munday, P. L., Dixson, D. L., McCormick, M. I., Meekan, M. G., Ferrari, M. C. O., & Chivers, D. P. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1004519107 · Cited by 463
Marine ecosystems’ responses to climatic and anthropogenic forcings in the Mediterranean
de Madron, X. D., Guieu, C., Sempéré, R., Conan, P., Cossa, D., D’Ortenzio, F., Estournel, C., Gazeau, F., Rabouille, C., Stemmann, L., et al. (2011) · Progress In Oceanography · doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2011.02.003 · Cited by 478
“For instance, this species has recently been found to benefit from high CO2 concentrations released from a natural volcanic CO2 vent in Italy, at the expense of calcareous species (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
BackgroundThomsen, J., Casties, I., Pansch, C., Körtzinger, A., & Melzner, F. (2013) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.12109 · Cited by 446
“However, in these fully marine, naturally acidified systems, seawater remains supersat-urated with respect to calcium carbonate when low p CO 2 values are encountered (Hall-Spencer et al. , 2008; Fabricius et al. , 2011).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialKell, D. B. (2011) · Annals of Botany · doi:10.1093/aob/mcr175 · Cited by 439
“…atmospheric CO2 in oceans (and lakes) leads to their further acidification, with many undesirable consequences (Sabine et al., 2004; Orr et al., 2005; Riebesell et al., 2007; Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; McNeil and Matear, 2008; Reid et al., 2009; Doney, 2010; Shi et al., 2010; Turley et al., 2010).”
BackgroundA decade of climate change experiments on marine organisms: procedures, patterns and problems
Wernberg, T., Smale, D. A., & Thomsen, M. S. (2012) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02656.x · Cited by 428
“Acidification clearly affects marine organisms (e.g. Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Wootton et al., 2008) and the scarcity of documentation for ongoing ocean acidification and associated biological impacts probably reflects a simple lack of data (Richardson & Poloczanska, 2008; Wernberg et al., 2011a).”
BackgroundInfluentialPredicting evolutionary responses to climate change in the sea
Munday, P. L., Warner, R. R., Monro, K., Pandolfi, J. M., & Marshall, D. J. (2013) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/ele.12185 · Cited by 437
Lannig, G., Eilers, S., Pörtner, H., Sokolova, I. M., & Bock, C. (2010) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md8082318 · Cited by 433
“Previous studies indicate that OA, “global warming’s evil twin” (Richard Feely cited by [5]) will have mainly adverse consequences for many calcifying and non-calcifying organisms, and may result in changes to biodiversity, trophic interactions, and other ecosystem processes [4,6–11].”
ResultClimate change and marine turtles
Hawkes, L., Broderick, A. C., Godfrey, M. H., & Godley, B. J. (2009) · Endangered Species Research · doi:10.3354/esr00198 · Cited by 438
Melzner, F., Stange, P., Trübenbach, K., Thomsen, J., Casties, I., Panknin, U., Gorb, S. N., & Gutowska, M. A. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024223 · Cited by 393
Calcified macroalgae—Critical to coastal ecosystems and vulnerable to change: A review
Nelson, W. A. (2009) · Marine and Freshwater Research · doi:10.1071/mf08335 · Cited by 386
“Larvae of two species of the coral Acropora will metamorphose on at least five different coralline algae species as well as coral skeletons (Heyward and Negri 1999; Harrington et al. 2004). In the Mexican Caribbean, Ruiz-Zárate et al. (2000) found that the free-living coral Manicina areolata recruited preferentially t…”
BackgroundImpact of near-future ocean acidification on echinoderms
Dupont, S., Ortega‐Martinez, O., & Thorndyke, M. C. (2010) · Ecotoxicology · doi:10.1007/s10646-010-0463-6 · Cited by 399
“Echinoderms (sea urchins but also sea stars (Coscinasterias tenuispinosa and Echinaster sepositus) and holothurians (Holothuria forskali and H. tubulosa)) were totally absent at pH 7.1 or lower ( Hall-Spencer et al. 2008 ).”
BackgroundInfluentialThomsen, J., Gutowska, M. A., Saphörster, J., Heinemann, A., Trübenbach, K., Fietzke, J., Hiebenthal, C., Eisenhauer, A., Körtzinger, A., Wahl, M., et al. (2010) · doi:10.5194/bgd-7-5119-2010 · Cited by 373
“In contrast to a natural analogue study that shows a progressive displacement of calcifying organisms by photoautotrophic communities along a CO2 gradient in the Mediterranean (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008), we show that communities dominated by calcifying invertebrates can thrive in CO 2 enriched (eutrophic, “energy den…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialPredicting the Response of Molluscs to the Impact of Ocean Acidification
Parker, L. M., Ross, P. M., O’Connor, W. A., Pörtner, H., Scanes, E., & Wright, J. M. (2013) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology2020651 · Cited by 371
Mediterranean seagrass vulnerable to regional climate warming
Jordá, G., Marbà, N., & Duarte, C. M. (2012) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate1533 · Cited by 362
Divergent ecosystem responses within a benthic marine community to ocean acidification
Kroeker, K. J., Micheli, F., Gambi, M. C., & Martz, T. R. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1107789108 · Cited by 352
Miller, A. W., Reynolds, A. C., Sobrino, C., & Riedel, G. F. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005661 · Cited by 363
Anticipating ocean acidification’s economic consequences for commercial fisheries
Cooley, S. R., & Doney, S. C. (2009) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/4/2/024007 · Cited by 368
Effects of ocean acidification on macroalgal communities
Porzio, L., Buia, M. C., & Hall-Spencer, J. M. (2011) · Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2011.02.011 · Cited by 337
“Water chemistry analyses (e.g., pH, pCO 2 and saturation states of calcite and aragonite) are described by Hall-Spencer et al. (2008) and the data are available at http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.728715.”
InfluentialSelf-citationOcean acidification causes ecosystem shifts via altered competitive interactions
Kroeker, K. J., Micheli, F., & Gambi, M. C. (2013) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate1680 · Cited by 332
Reusch, T. B. H. (2013) · Evolutionary Applications · doi:10.1111/eva.12109 · Cited by 341
“Spatial gradients in ocean pH and CO2 availability are less well defined than for temperature with the exception of CO2 vents (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Rodolfo-Metalpa et al. 2011) and CO2-enriched coastal habitats (Feely et al.”
BackgroundHEPBURN, C. D., PRITCHARD, D. W., CORNWALL, C. E., McLEOD, R. J., BEARDALL, J., RAVEN, J. A., & HURD, C. L. (2011) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02411.x · Cited by 303
“Calcareous coralline species that dominate rocky reef systems may be strongly impacted by elevated CO2 (Anthony et al., 2008; Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Jokiel et al., 2008; Wootton et al., 2008; Gao & Zheng, 2009) particularly in colder seas where carbonate saturation states will be lower.”
BackgroundClimate change and the oceans – What does the future hold?
Bijma, J., Pörtner, H., Yesson, C., & Rogers, A. D. (2013) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.07.022 · Cited by 329
Brennand, H. S., Soars, N. A., Dworjanyn, S. A., Davis, A. R., & Byrne, M. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011372 · Cited by 307
Morrow, K. M., Bourne, D. G., Humphrey, C. A., Botté, E. S., Laffy, P. W., Zaneveld, J., Uthicke, S., Fabricius, K., & Webster, N. S. (2014) · The ISME Journal · doi:10.1038/ismej.2014.188 · Cited by 302
“Volcanic CO2 seeps provide a unique opportunity to investigate how organisms respond to OA in situ (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Fabricius et al., 2011).”
BackgroundCoral Reefs and Ocean Acidification
Kleypas, J. A., & Yates, K. K. (2009) · Oceanography · doi:10.5670/oceanog.2009.101 · Cited by 290
Quantifying Rates of Evolutionary Adaptation in Response to Ocean Acidification
Sunday, J. M., Crim, R., Harley, C. D. G., & Hart, M. W. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022881 · Cited by 296
“species abundances [7,8,9,10,11] and global distributions [10].”
Changing Ocean, Marine Ecosystems, and Dependent Communities
(IPCC), I. P. O. C. C. (2022) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009157964.007 · Cited by 368
Raven, J. A., Giordano, M., Beardall, J., & MABERLY, S. C. (2012) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2011.0212 · Cited by 291
The Future of Coral Reefs Subject to Rapid Climate Change: Lessons from Natural Extreme Environments
Camp, E. F., Schoepf, V., Mumby, P. J., Hardtke, L. A., Rodolfo‐Metalpa, R., Smith, D. J., & Suggett, D. J. (2018) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2018.00004 · Cited by 294
“Even so, vent sites offer a unique natural environment to study ecosystem changes in response to frequent, low pH (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
InfluentialSelf-citationA framework for the resilience of seagrass ecosystems
Unsworth, R. K. F., Collier, C. J., Waycott, M., McKenzie, L., & Cullen-Unsworth, L. C. (2015) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.08.016 · Cited by 278
“OA is of lesser concern for seagrasses which can be limited by the availability of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and will probably increase photosynthetic rates and biomass as the oceans become increasingly DIC enriched (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Ow et al., 2015; Russell et al., 2013).”
BackgroundAlgal and aquatic plant carbon concentrating mechanisms in relation to environmental change
Raven, J. A., Giordano, M., Beardall, J., & MABERLY, S. C. (2011) · Photosynthesis Research · doi:10.1007/s11120-011-9632-6 · Cited by 279
“…transects involving parcels of surface seawater with naturally or experimentally different CO 2 concentrations (e.g. Tortell et al. 2010) or the comparison of areas of benthos influenced over years or more by CO 2 from a seafloor vent compared with a control area nearby (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008).”
BackgroundTodgham, A. E., & Hofmann, G. E. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.032540 · Cited by 269
Ocean acidification through the lens of ecological theory
Gaylord, B., Kroeker, K. J., Sunday, J. M., Anderson, K. M., Barry, J., Brown, N., Connell, S. D., Dupont, S., Fabricius, K., Hall-Spencer, J. M., et al. (2014) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/14-0802.1 · Cited by 264
Self-citationBaumann, H., Wallace, R. B., Tagliaferri, T., & Gobler, C. J. (2015) · Estuaries and Coasts · doi:10.1007/s12237-014-9800-y · Cited by 256
Gao, K., Beardall, J., Häder, D., Hall-Spencer, J. M., Gao, G., & Hutchins, D. A. (2019) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00322 · Cited by 264
Self-citationGooding, R. A., Harley, C. D. G., & Tang, E. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0811143106 · Cited by 247
Recognising the necessity for Indo‐Pacific seagrass conservation
Unsworth, R. K. F., & Cullen-Unsworth, L. C. (2010) · Conservation Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1755-263x.2010.00101.x · Cited by 259
Biotic and Human Vulnerability to Projected Changes in Ocean Biogeochemistry over the 21st Century
Mora, C., Wei, C., Rollo, A., Amaro, T., Baco, A. R., BILLETT, D. S. M., Bopp, L., Chen, Q., Collier, M. A., Danovaro, R., et al. (2013) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001682 · Cited by 258
“Abundance can decline among producer species [67] (but see [66,99]).”
BackgroundDoropoulos, C., Ward, S., Diaz‐Pulido, G., Hoegh‐Guldberg, O., & Mumby, P. J. (2012) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01743.x · Cited by 245
“While these reports (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Kuffner et al. 2008) found an inverse competitive relationship between CCA and turf cover as pCO2 increased, we found that reduced CCA was accompanied by an increase in the amount of bare tile rather than turf.”
BackgroundExperimental design in ocean acidification research: problems and solutions
Cornwall, C. E., & Hurd, C. L. (2015) · ICES Journal of Marine Science · doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsv118 · Cited by 256
“Subsequent shifts in ecosystem structure and function are likely to occur due to the direct biological effects on many ecologically important species (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Fabricius et al., 2011; Kroeker et al., 2013a).”
BackgroundFabricius, K. E., De'ath, G., Noonan, S., & Uthicke, S. (2014) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.2479 · Cited by 237
Functional impacts of ocean acidification in an ecologically critical foundation species
Gaylord, B., Hill, T. M., Sanford, E., Lenz, E. A., Jacobs, L. A., Sato, K. N., Russell, A. D., & Hettinger, A. (2011) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.055939 · Cited by 247
“Although the degree to which such cascading effects might arise requires further study, research in other systems has revealed OA impacts on species interactions and trophic dynamics (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
ResultHurd, C. L., Hepburn, C. D., Currie, K., Raven, J. A., & Hunter, K. A. (2009) · Journal of Phycology · doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2009.00768.x · Cited by 248
“‘‘Natural laboratories’’ such as underwater CO2 vents also provide opportunities to study adaptation (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialOcean acidification can mediate biodiversity shifts by changing biogenic habitat
Sunday, J. M., Fabricius, K., Kroeker, K. J., Anderson, K. M., Brown, N., Barry, J., Connell, S. D., Dupont, S., Gaylord, B., Hall-Spencer, J. M., et al. (2016) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate3161 · Cited by 240
Self-citationThe other ocean acidification problem: CO 2 as a resource among competitors for ecosystem dominance
Connell, S. D., Kroeker, K. J., Fabricius, K., Kline, D. I., & Russell, B. D. (2013) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2012.0442 · Cited by 238
“The consistency of positive effects on productivity alone suggests that previous reports of CO2 effects on expansive covers of algae on temperate and tropical rocky coasts [71] and increasing dominance of mats over corals [30] may not represent an idiosyncratic set of case examples.”
BackgroundPringle, A. M., Handler, R. M., & Pearce, J. M. (2017) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.191 · Cited by 240
“…continue, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide absorbing into the oceans will cause a drop in global water pH of up to 0.5 units by the year 2100 [5] resulting in a process called ocean acidification, which will cause profound detrimental ecological shifts by way of aquatic species extinction…”
BackgroundInfluentialSpatial community shift from hard to soft corals in acidified water
Inoue, S., Kayanne, H., Yamamoto, S., & Kurihara, H. (2013) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate1855 · Cited by 234
Effects of naturally acidified seawater on seagrass calcareous epibionts
Martin, S., Rodolfo-Metalpa, R., Ransome, E., Rowley, S., Buia, M.-C., Gattuso, J.-P., & Hall-Spencer, J. (2008) · Biology Letters · doi:10.1098/rsbl.2008.0412 · Cited by 217
Self-citationHale, R., Calosi, P., McNeill, L., Mieszkowska, N., & Widdicombe, S. (2011) · Oikos · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.19469.x · Cited by 223
Oceanographic and Biogeochemical Insights from Diatom Genomes
Bowler, C., Vardi, A., & Allen, A. E. (2009) · Annual Review of Marine Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-marine-120308-081051 · Cited by 230
Habitat characteristics provide insights of carbon storage in seagrass meadows
Mazarrasa, I., Samper‐Villarreal, J., Serrano, Ó., Lavery, P. S., Lovelock, C. E., Marbà, N., Duarte, C. M., & Cortés, J. (2018) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.01.059 · Cited by 225
Trotter, J., Montagna, P., McCulloch, M. T., et al. (2011) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2011.01.030 · Cited by 212
“6 (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationGao, K., & Zheng, Y. (2009) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02113.x · Cited by 213
Kung, C., Audu, C. O., Peters, A. W., Noh, H., Farha, O. K., & Hupp, J. T. (2017) · ACS Energy Letters · doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00621 · Cited by 208
The future of the northeast A tlantic benthic flora in a high CO 2 world
Brodie, J. A., Williamson, C. J., Smale, D. A., Kamenos, N. A., Mieszkowska, N., Santos, R., Cunliffe, M., Steinke, M., Yesson, C., Anderson, K. M., et al. (2014) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.1105 · Cited by 214
“At Mediterranean CO 2 vents, invasive genera such as Sargassum , Caulerpa, and Asparagopsis thrive where native coralline algae are excluded by acidified waters (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008) waters (Fig.”
BackgroundSelf-citationHigh CO 2 enhances the competitive strength of seaweeds over corals
Díaz-Pulido, G., Gouezo, M., Tilbrook, B., Dove, S., & Anthony, K. R. N. (2010) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01565.x · Cited by 204
“Second, growth of subtidal seaweeds is likely to increase as a function of pCO2 (Kübler et al. 1999; Diaz-Pulido et al. 2007; Hall-Spencer et al. 2008), enhancing the seaweed s ability to overgrow and kill neighbouring corals (e.”
BackgroundInfluentialBenthic coral reef calcium carbonate dissolution in an acidifying ocean
Eyre, B. D., Andersson, A. J., & Cyronak, T. (2014) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate2380 · Cited by 200
Calosi, P., Rastrick, S. P. S., Lombardi, C., de Guzman, H. J., Davidson, L., Jahnke, M., Giangrande, A., Hardege, J. D., Schulze, A., Spicer, J. I., et al. (2013) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2012.0444 · Cited by 213
“It is a filter feeder, tolerant to organic pollution and typical of fouling communities [52,53] outside the Ischia vent area [42].”
BackgroundEffects of ocean acidification on invertebrate settlement at volcanic CO2 vents
Cigliano, M., Gambi, M. C., Rodolfo-Metalpa, R., Patti, F. P., & Hall-Spencer, J. M. (2010) · Marine Biology · doi:10.1007/s00227-010-1513-6 · Cited by 195
“It is likely that peracarids migrated to the collectors from the macroalgal and Posidonia habitats that surround the study area on both sides of the Castello.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationComeau, S., Edmunds, P. J., Spindel, N. B., & Carpenter, R. C. (2013) · Limnology and Oceanography · doi:10.4319/lo.2013.58.1.0388 · Cited by 210
The ocean carbon sink – impacts, vulnerabilities and challenges
Heinze, C., Meyer, S., Goris, N., Anderson, L. G., Steinfeldt, R., Chang, N., Quéré, C. L., & Bakker, D. C. E. (2015) · Earth System Dynamics · doi:10.5194/esd-6-327-2015 · Cited by 231
Hua, Q., Shang, D., Zhang, W., Chen, K., Chang, S., Ma, Y., Jiang, Z., Yang, J., & Huang, W. (2010) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/la104475s · Cited by 192
Diaz‐Pulido, G., Anthony, K. R. N., Kline, D. I., Dove, S., & Hoegh‐Guldberg, O. (2012) · Journal of Phycology · doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.01084.x · Cited by 191
Ross, P. M., Parker, L. M., O’Connor, W. A., & Bailey, E. A. (2011) · Water · doi:10.3390/w3041005 · Cited by 199
“[111] along a pH gradient of 8.”
Ocean acidification alters skeletogenesis and gene expression in larval sea urchins
O’Donnell, M. J., Todgham, A. E., Sewell, M. A., Hammond, L., Ruggiero, K. J., Fangue, N., Zippay, M. L., & Hofmann, G. E. (2009) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps08346 · Cited by 191
“The ΔpHs in this experiment are lower than those used in similar studies (e.g. Dupont et al. 2008, Kurihara 2008); although the Control CO2 treatment had a lower pH than expected for surface waters in equilibrium with air, the span between treatments was modest compared with comparable studies.”
BackgroundInfluentialPaleo-perspectives on ocean acidification
Pelejero, C., Calvo, E., & Hoegh‐Guldberg, O. (2010) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2010.02.002 · Cited by 198
Shift from coral to macroalgae dominance on a volcanically acidified reef
Enochs, I. C., Manzello, D. P., Donham, E. M., Kolodziej, G., Okano, R., Johnston, L. N., Young, C. W., Iguel, J., Edwards, C. B., Fox, M. D., et al. (2015) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate2758 · Cited by 199
Stumpp, M., Trübenbach, K., Brennecke, D., Hu, M. Y., & Melzner, F. (2012) · Aquatic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.12.020 · Cited by 187
Metadata
- Authors
- Hall-Spencer, J. M., Rodolfo-Metalpa, R., Martin, S., Ransome, E., Fine, M., Turner, S. M., Rowley, S. J., Tedesco, D., & Buia, M.-C.
- Affiliations
- University of Plymouth (GB)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Bar-Ilan University (IL)
- University of East Anglia (GB)
- University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (IT)
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Hall-Spencer, Jason M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2008-06-08
- Volume
- 454
- Issue
- 7200
- Pages
- 96-99
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2122938469
- Cited by
- 1,359
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 77 · 2020: 76 · 2019: 79 · 2018: 90 · 2017: 86 · 2016: 100 · 2015: 100 · 2014: 108 · 2013: 98 · 2012: 110
- FWCI
- 45.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PEARL (University of Plymouth) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (submittedVersion)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Leverhulme Trust
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Keywords
- ocean acidification, volcanic CO2 vents, rocky shore communities, benthic ecosystems, pH gradient, scleractinian corals, sea urchins, coralline algae, seagrass, climate change impacts on marine ecosystems, sea surface temperature
- MeSH terms
- Acids, Animals, Atlantic Ocean, Calcium Carbonate, Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Invertebrates, Italy, Population Density, Seawater, Ecosystem, Volcanic Eruptions, Alismatales, Eukaryota
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
