The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 8 of the 42 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Volcanic carbon dioxide vents show ecosystem effects of ocean acidification
Open accessAbstract
The atmospheric partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) will almost certainly be double that of pre-industrial levels by 2100 and will be considerably higher than at any time during the past few million years. The oceans are a principal sink for anthropogenic CO2 where it is estimated to have caused a 30% increase in the concentration of H+ in ocean surface waters since the early 1900s and may lead to a drop in seawater pH of up to 0.5 units by 2100 (refs 2, 3). Our understanding of how increased ocean acidity may affect marine ecosystems is at present very limited as almost all studies have been in vitro, short-term, rapid perturbation experiments on isolated elements of the ecosystem. Here we show the effects of acidification on benthic ecosystems at shallow coastal sites where volcanic CO2 vents lower the pH of the water column. Along gradients of normal pH (8.1–8.2) to lowered pH (mean 7.8–7.9, minimum 7.4–7.5), typical rocky shore communities with abundant calcareous organisms shifted to communities lacking scleractinian corals with significant reductions in sea urchin and coralline algal abundance. To our knowledge, this is the first ecosystem-scale validation of predictions that these important groups of organisms are susceptible to elevated amounts of pCO2. Sea-grass production was highest in an area at mean pH 7.6 (1,827 μatm pCO2) where coralline algal biomass was significantly reduced and gastropod shells were dissolving due to periods of carbonate sub-saturation…
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Claims the paper makes
20 Own result · 11 No full text of the sources · 9 Own interpretation · 4 Partly supported · 4 Sources not found · 4 Not checked yet · 3 Supported · 3 Own method · 2 No basis given · accuracy not yet measured
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“an effect which probably increases their risk of predation 22 .”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [22] Bibby, R. et al. Ocean acidification disrupts induced defences in the intertidal gastropod Littorina littorea . Biol. Lett. 3, 699–701 (2007) source
The Abstract says acidified seawater disrupted induced shell thickening in Littorina littorea, increasing vulnerability to predation. The Results and discussion describes reduced shell thickening under low pH as a potential survival concern; the claim’s “probably” appropriately reflects that predation risk was inferred rather than measured. (LLM, conf=0.91)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Organisms with aragonite skeletons were common outside the vents (for example, Halimeda algae and the corals Caryophyllia, Cladocora and Balanophyllia) but were absent at mean V arag # 2.5 (minimum V arag 0.8-1.2),providing in situ support for predictions of global coral reef dissolution at these concentrations 8 .”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [8] Hoegh-Guldberg, O. et al. Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification. Science 318, 1737–1742 (2007) source
In “Ocean Acidification and Reef Accretion” (page unavailable), the paper says reef carbonate accretion approaches zero or becomes negative at aragonite saturation around 3.3. Its “Trajectories in Response to Climate Change” section predicts that reef erosion will exceed calcification as saturation falls, supporting the cited prediction at ≤2.5. The vent observations are the citing paper’s own evidence, not a finding attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.85)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We found that Corallinaceae cover was significantly reduced at lowered pH (Table 1 and Supplementary Tables 234).”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sea-grass production was highest in an area at mean pH 7.6 (1,827 matm p CO 2 ) where coralline algal biomass was significantly reduced and gastropod shells were dissolving due to periods of”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Juveniles of Osilinus turbinata and Patella caerulea gastropods were absent in areas with pH minima #7.4,where all adult gastropod shells (including Hexaplex trunculus and Cerithium vulgatum) were weakened by the acidified sea water (Figs 2 and 4, Table 1 and Supplementary Video), an effect which probably increases their risk of predation 22 .”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The species populating the vent sites comprise a suite of organisms that are resilient to naturally high concentrations of p CO 2 and indicate that ocean acidification may benefit highly invasive non-native algal species.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Juveniles of Osilinus turbinata and Patella caerulea gastropods were absent in areas with pH minima #7.4,where all adult gastropod shells (including Hexaplex trunculus and Cerithium vulgatum) were weakened by the acidified sea water (Figs 2 and 4, Table 1 and Supplementary Video), an effect which probably increases their risk of predation 22 .”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Rocky-shore stations with a mean pH of 7.8-7.9(mean p CO 2 804-957 matm) showed a 30% reduction in species numbers (notably calcifiers) compared with the normal pH stations (Supplementary Tables 3 and 4).”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A suite of algal genera proved to be resilient to naturally high amounts of p CO 2 (for example, Caulerpa, Cladophora, Asparagopsis, Dictyota and Sargassum), some of which include invasive alien species that have begun to alter shallow marine ecosystems worldwide 17 .”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The only Cnidaria in waters undersaturated with aragonite were anemones such as Anemonia viridis, which may benefit from increased p CO 2 for photosynthesis of its endosymbiotic dinoflagellates.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 13
- It may state two separate claims as one. 19
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“and may lead to a drop in seawater pH of up to 0.5 units by 2100 (refs 2, 3).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [2] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Summary for Policymakers. In Climate Change 2007: The Physical Sciences Basis. Working Group I Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC (eds Solomon, S. et al.) (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 2007)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Supportedcites [3] Caldeira, K. & Wickett, M. E. Ocean model predictions of chemistry changes from carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere and ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 110 C09S04 doi: 10.1029/2004JC002671 (2005) source
Section 3.1.1 reports that the highest-emission SRES pathway produces a global surface-ocean pH reduction approaching 0.5 units by 2100. The Discussion and Conclusions likewise gives a range of about 0.3–0.5 units by 2100 for the SRES pathways. (LLM, conf=0.94)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The oceans are a principal sink for anthropogenic CO 2 where it is estimated to have caused a 30% increase in the concentration of Hfoot_0 in ocean surface waters since the early 1900s”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [2] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Summary for Policymakers. In Climate Change 2007: The Physical Sciences Basis. Working Group I Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC (eds Solomon, S. et al.) (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 2007)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Partly supportedcites [3] Caldeira, K. & Wickett, M. E. Ocean model predictions of chemistry changes from carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere and ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 110 C09S04 doi: 10.1029/2004JC002671 (2005) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction (§1) says added CO₂ lowers ocean pH, and Table 1 in Discussion and Conclusions (§5) gives a mean surface-ocean pH decrease of 0.09 from preindustrial conditions to 2000. That corresponds to roughly a 23% increase in H⁺ concentration, not the claimed 30%; the table also uses a preindustrial baseline rather than the early 1900s. (LLM, conf=0.86)
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“given that high-latitude pteropods and coral reefs may be unable to make their skeletons by the year 2100 (refs 7, 13).”
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [7] Orr, J. C. et al. Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms. Nature 437, 681–686 (2005) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Biological impacts section (p. 5) reports shell dissolution in live pteropods under conditions projected for 2100 and suggests that some high-latitude pteropods may be unable to maintain their shells. For reef-building corals, the paper reports declining calcification rates (p. 1), not that coral reefs may be unable to make skeletons by 2100. (LLM, conf=0.87)
- Partly supportedcites [13] Davies, A. J., Roberts, J. M. & Hall-Spencer, J. Preserving deep-sea natural heritage: emerging issues in offshore conservation and management. Biol. Conserv. 138, 299–312 (2007) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Section 2.1 (page unavailable) says organisms with calcium-carbonate skeletons face hindered growth in undersaturated water and projects that about 70% of known cold-water coral locations could become undersaturated by 2099. It does not say that coral reefs generally will be unable to make skeletons, and the searched passages do not address high-latitude pteropods. (LLM, conf=0.85)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Short-term laboratory experiments show that many calcareous organisms may be unable to build their skeletons as oceans acidify over the next 100 years 6,7 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [6] Feely, R. A. et al. Impact of anthropogenic CO2 on the CaCO3 system in the oceans. Science 305, 362–366 (2004) source
- Partly supportedcites [7] Orr, J. C. et al. Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms. Nature 437, 681–686 (2005) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The opening section (p. 1) says experimental evidence suggests corals and some plankton will have difficulty maintaining calcium-carbonate skeletons as ocean chemistry changes this century. Biological impacts (p. 5) reports shell dissolution in a 48-hour pteropod experiment and reduced calcification in other organisms. These passages support a risk to skeleton formation, but they do not show that many kinds of organisms may be unable to build skeletons altogether. (LLM, conf=0.86)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“This may combine with other stresses, such as global warming, to drive tropical coral reefs towards functional collapse 8 .”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [8] Hoegh-Guldberg, O. et al. Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification. Science 318, 1737–1742 (2007) source
The paper’s opening summary says global warming and ocean acidification will compromise reef growth and drive reefs toward a tipping point for functional collapse. The ‘Thermal Stress, Synergies, and Ecological Feedback Loops’ section also says acidification and bleaching together enhance harmful feedbacks in coral ecosystems. Page numbers are not provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.93)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The pH and saturation states (V) of calcite and aragonite varied with sea state, being lowest on calm days, and showed large decreases as p CO 2 amounts increased from approximately 300 to more than 2,000 matm through the venting gas fields (Fig. 2 and Supplementary Table 2).”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sea urchins (Paracentrotus lividus, Arbacia lixula), which have high magnesium calcite skeletons, were the most common large invertebrates on sublittoral rock outside the vents but their abundance was significantly reduced where pH reached minima of 7.4-7.5 (Table 1 and Fig. 2).”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sea-grass leaves at P 1 (pH 8.2) had 75% cover of calcified epiphytes but only 2% cover at P 4 (mean pH 7.6) with a significant reduction in epiphytic calcium carbonate per leaf (Table 1 and Figs 3 and 4).”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sea-grass production was highest in an area at mean pH 7.6 (1,827 matm p CO 2 ) where coralline algal biomass was significantly reduced and gastropod shells were dissolving due to periods of”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Organisms with aragonite skeletons were common outside the vents (for example, Halimeda algae and the corals Caryophyllia, Cladocora and Balanophyllia) but were absent at mean V arag # 2.5 (minimum V arag 0.8-1.2),providing in situ support for predictions of global coral reef dissolution at these concentrations 8 .”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As coralline algal cover fell from .60% outside the vent area to zero within it, non-calcareous algal cover increased significantly from near zero to .60% (Fig. 2 and Table 1).”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“where shoot density was significantly higher (Table 1 and Fig. 3) and approximately 30% higher than that known anywhere else around Ischia 12 .”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [12] Ambiente. Marino Costiero e Territorio Delle Isole Flegree (eds Gambi, M. C., Lauro, M. & Jannuzzi, F.) (Accademia di Scienze Fische e Matematiche, Italy, 2003)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Other calcitic organisms, such as the barnacle Chthamalus stellatus, for example, may survive pH minima by closing their rostral plates as their abundance was not significantly reduced until extremely low mean pH 6.6 (Table 1 and Fig. 2).”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When heavily epiphytised leaves were transplanted from station P 1 to P 4 they showed complete dissolution of Corallinaceae in 2 weeks, whereas transplants moved within P 1 were unaffected.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Along gradients of normal pH (8.1-8.2) to lowered pH (mean 7.8-7.9,minimum 7.4-7.5),typical rocky shore communities with abundant calcareous organisms shifted to communities lacking scleractinian corals with significant reductions in sea urchin and coralline algal abundance.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The atmospheric partial pressure of carbon dioxide (p CO 2 ) will almost certainly be double that of pre-industrial levels by 2100 and will be considerably higher than at any time during the past few million years 1 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [1] Pearson, P. N. & Palmer, M. R. Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations over the past 60 million years. Nature 406, 695–699 (2000) source
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Some marine CO 2 vents are at ambient seawater temperature and lack toxic sulphur compounds; such vents can prevail for years to millenia 12 and may be used as natural experiments to advance our understanding of ocean acidification at the ecosystem level.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [12] Ambiente. Marino Costiero e Territorio Delle Isole Flegree (eds Gambi, M. C., Lauro, M. & Jannuzzi, F.) (Accademia di Scienze Fische e Matematiche, Italy, 2003)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Mesocosm experiments have led to predictions that Corallinaceae, which help to protect against coral reef erosion in the tropics, are vulnerable to ocean acidification due to the solubility of their high magnesium calcite skeletons 15,16 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [15] Kleypas, J. A. et al. Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Coral Reefs and Other Marine Calcifiers: A Guide for Future Research. Report of a workshop held 18–20 April 2005, St. Petersburg, FL, sponsored by NSF, NOAA, and the US Geological Survey. (2006)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [16] Kuffner, I. B. et al. Decreased abundance of crustose coralline algae due to ocean acidification. Nature Geosci 1, 114–117 (2008) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The only Cnidaria in waters undersaturated with aragonite were anemones such as Anemonia viridis, which may benefit from increased p CO 2 for photosynthesis of its endosymbiotic dinoflagellates.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Some marine CO 2 vents are at ambient seawater temperature and lack toxic sulphur compounds; such vents can prevail for years to millenia 12 and may be used as natural experiments to advance our understanding of ocean acidification at the ecosystem level.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [12] Ambiente. Marino Costiero e Territorio Delle Isole Flegree (eds Gambi, M. C., Lauro, M. & Jannuzzi, F.) (Accademia di Scienze Fische e Matematiche, Italy, 2003)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“A suite of algal genera proved to be resilient to naturally high amounts of p CO 2 (for example, Caulerpa, Cladophora, Asparagopsis, Dictyota and Sargassum), some of which include invasive alien species that have begun to alter shallow marine ecosystems worldwide 17 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [17] Boudouresque, C. F. & Verlaque, M. Biological pollution in the Meditterranean Sea: invasive versus introduced macrophytes. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 44, 32–38 (2002) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Marine CO 2 vents are abundant in the Mediterranean, especially around Italy and Greece where they typically eject volcanic fluids containing up to 1-2% hydrogen sulphide 10,11 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Williams, S. N., Schaefer, S. J., Calvache v, M. L & Lopez, D. Global carbon dioxide emission to the atmosphere by volcanoes. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 1765–1770 (1992) source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [11] Dando, P. R., Stuben, D. & Varnavas, S. P. Hydrothermalism in the Mediterranean Sea. Prog. Oceanogr. 44, 333–367 (1999) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Mesocosm experiments have shown that sea-grass production can be enhanced at high p CO 2 (ref.19).”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [19] Palacios, S. L. & Zimmerman, R. C. Response of eelgrass Zostera marina to CO2 enrichment: possible impacts of climate change and potential for remediation of coastal habitats. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 344, 1–13 (2007) source
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Although scleractinians can survive skeletal dissolution as polyps in the laboratory 14 , reduced calcification due to low V arag may result in increased risk to predation or competition in open ecosystems.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Fine, M. & Tchernov, D. Scleractinian coral species survive and recover from decalcification. Science 315, 1811 (2007) source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Natural CO 2 flux from volcanic vents and high heat flow areas amounts to less than 0.5% of anthropogenic emissions to the global carbon budget, but can alter local ocean chemistry 9,10 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] Kerrick, D. M., McKibben, M. A., Seward, T. M. & Caldeira, K. Convective hydrothermal CO2 emission from high heat-flow regions. Chem. Geol. 121, 285–293 (1995) source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Williams, S. N., Schaefer, S. J., Calvache v, M. L & Lopez, D. Global carbon dioxide emission to the atmosphere by volcanoes. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 1765–1770 (1992) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although atmospheric diffusion of CO 2 is not predicted to result in aragonite undersaturation in shallow waters of the Mediterranean, observations of such areas are relevant to the localized effects caused by deliberate CO 2 sequestration and to the widespread effects predicted for areas that at present have low V arag , given that high-latitude pteropods and coral reefs may be unable to make”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The analysed Posidonia oceanica shoots were .10yr old at the subtidal study sites and will have integrated the effects of lowered pH over this time.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Salinity (38%) and total alkalinity (2.5 mequiv.kg 21 ) were homogeneous between survey stations and temperature-matched ambient seasonal fluctuations (13-25 uC).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“as ocean acidification will probably bring about reductions in biodiversity and radically alter ecosystems.”
§ Volcanic carbon dioxide vents show ecosystem effects of ocean acidification > NATURE
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This opportunity to observe the tipping points at which principal groups of marine organisms are affected by lowered pH proves that, even without global warming, the projected rise in atmospheric CO 2 concentration is hazardous, as ocean acidification will probably”
§ Volcanic carbon dioxide vents show ecosystem effects of ocean acidification > NATURE
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Although our results may apply to CO 2 -limited seagrasses in other tropical and temperate environments”
From Experimental impacts of climate warming and ocean carbonation on eelgrass Zostera marina (2017) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al. 2008
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“At natural CO2 vent sites, growth and areal cover of seagrasses were observed to be much greater than at adjacent non-CO2 enriched sites [15, 25].”
From Light Levels Affect Carbon Utilisation in Tropical Seagrass under Ocean Acidification (2016) · cites this paper as [25]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Under future scenarios of OA, marine macrophytes like seagrass could benefit, from both increased DIC concentration and a proportional rise in CO2 [15, 25].”
From Light Levels Affect Carbon Utilisation in Tropical Seagrass under Ocean Acidification (2016) · cites this paper as [25]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The calcareous skeleton of coralline algae renders them sensitive to acidi fi ed conditions (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Jokiel et al. 2008; Kuffner et al. 2008; Martin et al. 2008; Gao & Zheng 2010).”
From Ocean acidification outweighs nutrient effects in structuring seagrass epiphyte communities (2014) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al. 2008
In the citing paper
“In general, seagrasses seem able to thrive under high CO 2 conditions (Palacios and Zimmerman, 2007;Hall-Spencer et al., 2008), although the associated epiphytic algal cover falls as CO 2 levels increase (Martin et al., 2008).”
From Effects of ocean acidification on macroalgal communities (2011) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“The unique occurrence of S. vulgare in the most acidified zone (Buia, unpublished data) might relate to a lack of grazing by sea urchins”
From Effects of ocean acidification on macroalgal communities (2011) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“Volcanic vents show that some invasive macroalgae can tolerate persistent high CO 2 levels and also demonstrate what ecological shifts can be expected in vegetated marine ecosystems(Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
From Effects of ocean acidification on macroalgal communities (2011) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“and completely absent from the Ischia CO 2 vents (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
From Effects of ocean acidification on macroalgal communities (2011) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“Volcanic vents show that some invasive macroalgae can tolerate persistent high CO 2 levels and also demonstrate what ecological shifts can be expected in vegetated marine ecosystems(Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
From Effects of ocean acidification on macroalgal communities (2011) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al., 2008
Citations
Cites
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Catastrophic shifts in ecosystems
Scheffer, M., Carpenter, S., Foley, J. A., Folke, C., & Walker, B. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35098000 · Cited by 7,510
Coral Reefs Under Rapid Climate Change and Ocean Acidification
Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Mumby, P. J., Hooten, A. J., Steneck, R. S., Greenfield, P., Gomez, E., Harvell, C. D., Sale, P. F., Edwards, A. J., Caldeira, K., et al. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1152509 · Cited by 5,885
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Pearson, P. N., & Palmer, M. R. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35021000 · Cited by 1,771
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Raven, J. A., Caldeira, K., Elderfield, H., Hoegh‐Guldberg, O., Liss, P., Riebesell, U., Shepherd, J. G., Turley, C., & Watson, A. J. (2005) · Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) · Cited by 1,296
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–700 of 1,358
Xu, M., Sun, T., Tang, X., Lu, K., Jiang, Y., Cao, S., & Wang, Y. (2019) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124821 · Cited by 30
The changing ocean and freshwater CO2 system
McNeil, B. I., & Matsumoto, K. (2019) · Fish physiology · doi:10.1016/bs.fp.2019.10.001 · Cited by 28
Uthicke, S., Patel, F., Karelitz, S. E., Luter, H. M., Webster, N. S., & Lamare, M. D. (2020) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps13236 · Cited by 30
“An alter- native to short-term experiments for studying the effects of OA is to measure responses of long-term residents at carbon dioxide vents, which are subjected to higher pCO2 than adjacent control reefs (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008, Fabricius et al. 2011).”
BackgroundOrr, J. C., Caldeira, K., Fabry, V. J., et al. (2009) · Oceanography · doi:10.5670/oceanog.2009.107 · Cited by 29
Silyakova, A., Bellerby, R. G. J., Schulz, K. G., Czerny, J., Tanaka, T., Nondal, G., Riebesell, U., Engel, A., Lange, T. D., & Ludwig, A. (2013) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-10-4847-2013 · Cited by 28
“…been shown to enhance primary production and carbon assimilation in various photoautotrophs, including seagrasses (Palacios and Zimmerman, 2007; Hall-Spencer et al., 2008) and freshwater and marine phytoplankton (Hein and Sand-Jensen, 1997; Schippers et al., 2004; Levitan et al., 2007;…”
BackgroundTropical CO2 seeps reveal the impact of ocean acidification on coral reef invertebrate recruitment
Allen, R., Foggo, A., Fabricius, K., Balistreri, A., & Hall-Spencer, J. M. (2016) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.12.031 · Cited by 29
“Carbon dioxide seeps provide useful analogs for ocean acidification as they reveal direct and indirect ecological effects in natural settings (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Andersson et al., 2015).”
BackgroundSelf-citationRuocco, M., Musacchia, F., Olivé, I., Costa, M. M., Barrote, I., Santos, R., Sanges, R., Procaccini, G., & Silva, J. (2017) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1111/mec.14204 · Cited by 27
“In Posidonia oceanica, Hall-Spencer et al. (2008) found no difference in the photosynthetic performances of individual shoots between control and naturally acidified sites, but seagrass production and shoot density were highest in an area of lower pH (7.6).”
BackgroundInfluentialGarcía, E., Hernández, J. C., & Clemente, S. (2018) · Marine Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.04.011 · Cited by 28
Climate-Smart Agriculture: An Integrated Approach for Attaining Agricultural Sustainability
Abhilash, Rani, A., Kumari, A., SINGH, R. N., & Kumari, K. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-33-4538-6_5 · Cited by 31
James, R. K., Hepburn, C. D., Cornwall, C. E., McGraw, C. M., & Hurd, C. L. (2014) · Marine Biology · doi:10.1007/s00227-014-2453-3 · Cited by 30
“For example, an increase in the abundance of non-calcareous species at high CO2 vents (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Kroeker et al. 2013c) could be due to either direct effects (such as increased growth rates, increased recruitment, etc.”
BackgroundInfluentialHofmann, L. C., & Heesch, S. (2018) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-15-6139-2018 · Cited by 28
“Although the authors also found that obligate calcifiers were less abundant at natural CO2 seeps, as other studies have also shown (Fabricius et al., 2015; Hall-Spencer et al., 2008), it my be possible that the physiological plasticity of rhodoliths observed in this study may nevertheless facilitate adaptation at a ra…”
ResultYin, H., He, W., & Xie, S. (2011) · Frontiers of Earth Science · doi:10.1007/s11707-011-0160-7 · Cited by 27
Reduced spore germination explains sensitivity of reef-building algae to climate change stressors
Ordoñez, A., Kennedy, E. V., & Díaz-Pulido, G. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0189122 · Cited by 27
Quantifying susceptibility of marine invertebrate biocomposites to dissolution in reduced pH
Chadwick, M., Harper, E. M., Lemasson, A. J., Spicer, J. I., & Peck, L. S. (2019) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.190252 · Cited by 24
Kumar, A., Buia, M. C., Palumbo, A., Mohany, M., Wadaan, M. A. M., Hozzein, W. N., Beemster, G. T. S., & AbdElgawad, H. (2019) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113765 · Cited by 27
Self-citationRicevuto, E., Benedetti, M., Regoli, F., Spicer, J. I., & Gambi, M. C. (2015) · Marine Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.09.005 · Cited by 27
“…pH e high pCO2 have been investigated in field conditions, at natural volcanic CO2 vent systems occurring in different parts of the world (e.g. Calosi et al., 2013a, 2013b; Fabricius et al., 2011, 2014; Goffredo et al., 2014; Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Johnson et al., 2012; Kroeker et al., 2011).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialCollard, M., Catarino, A. I., Bonnet, S., Flammang, P., & Dubois, P. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2013.06.003 · Cited by 27
Locally Extreme Environments as Natural Long-Term Experiments in Ecology
Maček, I., Vodnik, D., Pfanz, H., et al. (2016) · Advances in ecological research/Advances in Ecological Research · doi:10.1016/bs.aecr.2016.08.001 · Cited by 27
Porzio, L., Buia, M. C., Lorenti, M., Maio, A. D., & Arena, C. (2016) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.096 · Cited by 27
Self-citationEffects of ocean acidification on juveniles sea urchins: Predator-prey interactions
Rodríguez, A., Hernández, J. C., Brito, A., et al. (2017) · Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2017.04.005 · Cited by 27
Lebrato, M., Wang, Y. V., Tseng, L., Achterberg, E. P., Chen, X., Molinero, J. C., Bremer, K., Westernströer, U., Söding, E., Dahms, H.-U., et al. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-53314-y · Cited by 30
Horwitz, R., Borell, E. M., Yam, R., Shemesh, A., & Fine, M. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep08779 · Cited by 31
Self-citationNOAA, Busch, D. S., O’Donnell, M. J., Hauri, C., Mach, K. J., Poach, M. E., Doney, S. C., & Signorini, S. R. (2015) · Oceanography · doi:10.5670/oceanog.2015.29 · Cited by 25
“, 2004) along with evidence that these chemical changes may alter marine ecosystems (Raven et al., 2005; Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Fabricius et al., 2011; Kroeker et al., 2013).”
BackgroundField‐based experimental acidification alters fouling community structure and reduces diversity
Brown, N., Therriault, T. W., & Harley, C. D. G. (2016) · Journal of Animal Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2656.12557 · Cited by 26
Helping nature help us: Transforming disaster risk reduction through ecosystem management
Monty, F., Murti, R., & Furuta, N. (2016) · doi:10.2305/iucn.ch.2016.15.en · Cited by 28
Santos, C. B. D. L., Arenas, F., Neuparth, T., & Santos, M. M. (2019) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.03.034 · Cited by 26
Gray, M. W., Chaparro, Ó. R., Huebert, K. B., O’Neill, S., Couture, T., Moreira, A., & Brady, D. C. (2019) · Journal of Shellfish Research · doi:10.2983/035.038.0326 · Cited by 27
Zayas-Santiago, C. C., Rivas‐Ubach, A., Kuo, L., Ward, N. D., & Zimmerman, R. C. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-61684-x · Cited by 26
CO 2 Enrichment Stimulates Dissolved Organic Carbon Release in Coral Reef Macroalgae
Díaz-Pulido, G., & Barrón, C. (2020) · Journal of Phycology · doi:10.1111/jpy.13002 · Cited by 27
Ocean acidification stunts molluscan growth at CO2 seeps
Zhao, L., Harvey, B. P., Higuchi, T., Agostini, S., Tanaka, K., Murakami‐Sugihara, N., Morgan, H., Baker, P., Hall-Spencer, J. M., & Shirai, K. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162293 · Cited by 27
Self-citationBasso, L., Hendriks, I. E., Rodríguez‐Navarro, A. B., Gambi, M. C., & Duarte, C. M. (2015) · Estuaries and Coasts · doi:10.1007/s12237-014-9936-9 · Cited by 26
“Their absence close to natural CO2 vents (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Cigliano et al. 2010; Kroeker et al. 2011) is consistent with their vulnerability to ocean acidification as revealed in a meta-analyses of experimental assessments (Hendriks et al. 2010; Kroeker et al. 2013a).”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Kallisti Limnes, carbon dioxide-accumulating subsea pools
Camilli, R., Nomikou, P., Escartin, J., Ridao, P., Mallios, A., Kilias, S., Argyraki, A., and the Caldera Science Team, Andréani, M., Ballu, V., et al. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep12152 · Cited by 26
“Scientific Reports, Nature Publishing Group, 2015, 5 (1), 9 p.”
Turner, L. M., Ricevuto, E., Gallucci, A. M., et al. (2016) · Marine Biology · doi:10.1007/s00227-016-2984-x · Cited by 26
“Shallow water high CO 2 vents have been used as analogues to investigate the potential ecological and evolutionary implications of OA (e.g. Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Kroeker et al. 2011; Rodolfo-Metalpa et al. 2011; Calosi et al. 2013a, b; Lucey et al. 2015; Ricevuto et al. 2015; Gambi et al. 2016).”
Bianchi, C. N., Dando, P. R., & Morri, C. (2011) · Advances in Oceanography and Limnology · doi:10.1080/19475721.2011.565804 · Cited by 26
Disciplinary reporting affects the interpretation of climate change impacts in global oceans
Hauser, D., Tobin, E., Feifel, K., Shah, V., & Pietri, D. M. (2015) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.12978 · Cited by 19
“The dominance of benthic studies in the Mediterranean was due to the abundance of shallow, coastal volcanic carbon dioxide vents providing natural sites to study the effects of acidification on benthic communities (e.g., Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Rodolfo-Metalpa et al., 2011).”
BackgroundHuang, X., Jiang, X., Sun, M., Dupont, S., Huang, W., Hu, M., Li, Q., & Wang, Y. (2018) · Aquatic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.08.003 · Cited by 25
Aiello, G., Barra, D., Parisi, R., et al. (2018) · Palaeontologia Electronica · doi:10.26879/835 · Cited by 25
Living coralligenous as geo-historical structure built by coralline algae
Basso, D., Bracchi, V. A., Bazzicalupo, P., Martini, M., Maspero, F., & Bavestrello, G. (2022) · Frontiers in Earth Science · doi:10.3389/feart.2022.961632 · Cited by 25
“High-Mg calcite CCA and aragonite skeletal remains of invertebrates are the most soluble carbonates to respond to ocean acidification (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Kuffner et al., 2008; Rodolfo-Metalpa et al., 2010; Basso, 2012), and in themeantime, both chemical and biogenic erosion of marine carbonates will be enhance…”
BackgroundBryozoan Constructions in a Changing Mediterranean Sea
Lombardi, C., Taylor, P. D., & Cocito, S. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6704-1_21 · Cited by 27
Building blocks of economic resilience to climate change: a south east Australian fisheries example
van Putten, I. E., Jennings, S., Frusher, S. D., et al. (2013) · Regional Environmental Change · doi:10.1007/s10113-013-0456-0 · Cited by 25
“In addition, ocean acidification may adversely affect organisms that use calcium carbonate for their skeletons and shells (Griffin et al. 2001), as well as other non-morphological traits (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008).”
BackgroundA new CO 2 vent for the study of ocean acidification in the Atlantic
Hernández, C. A., Sangil, C., & Hernández, J. C. (2016) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.040 · Cited by 26
“Among its effects there is a clear reduction in diversity, biomass and trophic complexity of benthic marine assemblages, major declines in the number of many calcifying organisms and increased abundances of erect macroalgae, seagrass and soft-corals (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Inoue et al., 2013; Linares et al., 2015;…”
BackgroundInfluentialAn in situ assessment of local adaptation in a calcifying polychaete from a shallow CO 2 vent system
Lucey, N., Lombardi, C., Florio, M., Marchi, L. D., Nannini, M., Rundle, S. D., Gambi, M. C., & Calosi, P. (2016) · Evolutionary Applications · doi:10.1111/eva.12400 · Cited by 24
Kumar, A., Castellano, I., Patti, F. P., Delledonne, M., AbdElgawad, H., Beemster, G. T. S., Asard, H., Palumbo, A., & Buia, M. C. (2017) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1111/mec.14034 · Cited by 26
Self-citationpCO2 effects on species composition and growth of an estuarine phytoplankton community
Grear, J. S., Rynearson, T. A., Montalbano, A. L., Govenar, B., & Menden‐Deuer, S. (2017) · Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science · doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2017.03.016 · Cited by 25
“Although in situ effects have been reported from a few field experiments and in natural gradients (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008), the extent to which laboratory results are predictive of ecological effects in marine environments is one of the major unknowns in ocean acidification science (Fabry et al.”
BackgroundWäge, J., Valvassori, G., Hardege, J. D., Schulze, A., & Gambi, M. C. (2017) · Marine Biology · doi:10.1007/s00227-017-3222-x · Cited by 27
“Volcanic CO2 vents represent useful model systems and natural laboratories to investigate short as well as long-term effects of OA on benthic biota and sea-floor ecosystems (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Fabricius et al. 2011).”
BackgroundO’Brien, P. A., Smith, H. A., Fallon, S., Fabricius, K., Willis, B. L., Morrow, K. M., & Bourne, D. G. (2018) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.02621 · Cited by 25
Ocean acidification may slow the pace of tropicalization of temperate fish communities
Coni, E. O. C., Nagelkerken, I., Ferreira, C. M., Connell, S. D., & Booth, D. J. (2021) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/s41558-020-00980-w · Cited by 28
Seasonal and species-specific response of five brown macroalgae to high atmospheric CO2
Longphuirt, S. N., Eschmann, C. L., Russell, C., & Stengel, D. B. (2013) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps10570 · Cited by 24
“It exhibits much faster growth rates than A. nodosum and has, interestingly, been shown to thrive close to natural CO2 vents, showing a resistance to high amounts of CO2 (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008).”
BackgroundBurdett, H. L., Donohue, P., Hatton, A. D., Alwany, M. A., & Kamenos, N. A. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0064651 · Cited by 24
“[22,61,62], impacting the food web dynamics of the reef ecosystem and perhaps allowing a phase shift towards macroalgae dominance to occur [63].”
BackgroundMeron, D., Buia, M. C., Fine, M., & Banin, E. (2012) · Microbial Ecology · doi:10.1007/s00248-012-0127-6 · Cited by 25
“Several studies based on this approach were recently published [7, 15, 16].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationComplex Environmental Forcing across the Biogeographical Range of Coral Populations
Rivest, E. B., & Gouhier, T. C. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0121742 · Cited by 26
“, [3,8,10–15]).”
Jansson, A., Lischka, S., Boxhammer, T., Schulz, K. G., & Norkko, J. (2016) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-13-3377-2016 · Cited by 24
“…between a small number of species, whereas studies on intact communities have so far only rarely been conducted (but see e.g. work done at CO2 vents by Hall-Spencer et al., 2008, or Kroeker et al., 2011, and previous/other mesocosm studies by Christen et al., 2013, and Riebesell et al., 2013b).”
BackgroundLi, L., Du, Z., Zhang, X., Xi, S., Wang, B., Luan, Z., Lian, C., & Yan, J. (2017) · Applied Spectroscopy · doi:10.1177/0003702817722820 · Cited by 24
Vizzini, S., Apostolaki, E. T., Ricevuto, E., Polymenakou, P., & Mazzola, A. (2019) · Marine Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.03.001 · Cited by 27
Burger, B. J., Estrada, M. V., & Gustin, M. S. (2019) · Global and Planetary Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.03.013 · Cited by 24
Ravaglioli, C., Lardicci, C., Pusceddu, A., Arpe, E., Bianchelli, S., Buschi, E., & Bulleri, F. (2019) · Limnology and Oceanography · doi:10.1002/lno.11246 · Cited by 22
Porzio, L., Arena, C., Lorenti, M., Maio, A. D., & Buia, M. C. (2020) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138896 · Cited by 24
Self-citationGuo, Z., Wang, G., Fu, H., et al. (2020) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/d0ra02076a · Cited by 24
Asnicar, D., Novoa-Abelleira, A., Minichino, R., Badocco, D., Pastore, P., Finos, L., Munari, M., & Marin, M. G. (2021) · Marine Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105372 · Cited by 26
The role of epiphytes in seagrass productivity under ocean acidification
Berlinghof, J., Peiffer, F., Marzocchi, U., Munari, M., Quero, G. M., Dennis, L., Wild, C., & Cardini, U. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-10154-7 · Cited by 22
Caramanna, G., Voltattorni, N., & Maroto‐Valer, M. M. (2011) · Greenhouse Gases Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/ghg.28 · Cited by 24
Exposure of Mediterranean Countries to Ocean Acidification
Hilmi, N., Allemand, D., Cinar, M., Cooley, S. R., Hall-Spencer, J. M., Haraldsson, G., Hattam, C., Jeffree, R. A., Orr, J. C., Katrin Rehdanz, A., et al. (2014) · Water · doi:10.3390/w6061719 · Cited by 25
Self-citationOcean acidification influences the biomass and diversity of reef-associated turf algal communities
Ober, G. T., Díaz-Pulido, G., & Thornber, C. (2016) · Marine Biology · doi:10.1007/s00227-016-2978-8 · Cited by 24
“Turf communities may exhibit similar assemblage shifts as non-turf macroalgal communities (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Porzio et al. 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialA mineralogical record of ocean change: Decadal and centennial patterns in the California mussel
McCoy, S. J., Kamenos, N. A., Chung, P., Wootton, J. T., & Pfister, C. A. (2018) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.14013 · Cited by 24
Witkowski, C., Agostini, S., Harvey, B. P., van der Meer, M. T. J., Damsté, J. S. S., & Schouten, S. (2019) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-16-4451-2019 · Cited by 23
Cooke, S. J., Danylchuk, A. J., Kaiser, M. J., & Rudd, M. A. (2010) · Journal of Fish Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02666.x · Cited by 24
“Calcareous organisms such as bivalves, corals and coralline algae are just some of the biota likely to succumb to the increasing acidity of the world’s oceans (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
BackgroundBurnell, O. W., Connell, S. D., Irving, A. D., Watling, J. R., & Russell, B. D. (2014) · Conservation Physiology · doi:10.1093/conphys/cou052 · Cited by 23
“These findings are consistent with studies of natural and in situ CO2 enrichment that indicate disproportionate accumulation of below-ground biomass in other seagrasses, relative to above-ground tissue (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Russell et al., 2013; Campbell and Fourqurean, 2013a).”
ResultCoulon, N., Elliott, S. A. M., Teichert, N., Auber, A., McLean, M. J., Barreau, T., Feunteun, É., & Carpentier, A. (2024) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.17157 · Cited by 26
“…hematology, metabolic rates, hypoxia tolerance) responses of viviparous sharks with a wide distribution (e.g., C. melanopterus ), including areas where seawater is naturally more acidic due to volcanic carbon dioxide vents (e.g., coral studies, Comeau et al., 2022; Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
BackgroundThe consequences of human-driven ocean acidification for marine life
Doney, S. C. (2009) · F1000 Biology Reports · doi:10.3410/b1-36 · Cited by 24
“In a near-shore benthic community exposed to volcanic CO2 venting, corals, CCA and juvenile mollusks are absent and adult mollusks appear unhealthy, replaced by sea-grasses that experience CO2 limitation of photosynthesis at ambient levels [22].”
BackgroundPajusalu, L., Martin, G., Paalme, T., & Põllumäe, A. (2016) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.2505 · Cited by 24
Comparative effects of seawater acidification on microalgae: Single and multispecies toxicity tests
Bautista–Chamizo, E., Sendra, M., de Orte, M. R., et al. (2018) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.225 · Cited by 23
Submarine Groundwater Discharge Strengthens Acidification in the Coastal Semi‐Closed Bays
Liu, Y., Song, Y., & Jiao, J. J. (2023) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2023gl103788 · Cited by 25
“, 2009), which is shifting the surface ocean biochemistry, organism, and ecosystem considerably and subsequently leading to the degradation of coral reefs, mussel beds, and macroalgal habitats (Albright et al., 2016; Anthony et al., 2008; Doney et al., 2020; Fabry et al., 2008; Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Kroeker et al…”
BackgroundBorell, E. M., Steinke, M., & Fine, M. (2013) · Coral Reefs · doi:10.1007/s00338-013-1066-5 · Cited by 23
“Yet, our understanding of how effects beyond the individual organism level, especially of non-calcifying organisms, may influence functional diversity and community structure is still very limited (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Wernberg et al. 2012).”
BackgroundSelf-citationHahn, S., Griesshaber, E., Schmahl, W. W., Neuser, R. D., Ritter, A., Hoffmann, R., Buhl, D., Niedermayr, A., Geske, A., & Immenhauser, A. (2014) · Sedimentology · doi:10.1111/sed.12107 · Cited by 23
“In a first study, Hahn et al. (2012) reported the effects of naturally acidified sea water (pH ca 7 3; Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; RodolfoMetalpa et al., 2011) on shell ultrastructure and © 2014 The Authors.”
BackgroundInfluentialFunctional diversity and climate change: effects on the invasibility of macroalgal assemblages
Vaz‐Pinto, F., Olabarría, C., Gestoso, I., Cacabelos, E., Incera, M., & Arenas, F. (2013) · Biological Invasions · doi:10.1007/s10530-013-0412-4 · Cited by 23
“Martin and Gattuso 2009) non-calcareous algae can increase in growth and abundance with CO2 enrichment (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Porzio et al. 2011; Johnson et al. 2012).”
BackgroundKarlen, D. J., Price, R. E., Pichler, T., et al. (2010) · Pacific Science · doi:10.2984/64.3.391 · Cited by 23
“In their study they reported reduced densities of calcareous algae and invertebrates at sites with reduced pH and observed signs of shell dissolution on gastropods (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008).”
InfluentialModelling impacts and recovery in benthic communities exposed to localised high CO 2
Lessin, G., Artioli, Y., Queirós, A. M., Widdicombe, S., & Blackford, J. (2016) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.071 · Cited by 23
Xu, D., Schaum, C., Fan, L., Sun, K., Munroe, J., Zhang, X. W., Fan, X., Teng, L. H., Wang, Y. T., Zhuang, Z. M., et al. (2017) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.13701 · Cited by 23
“There is a large body of empirical research on how marine phytoplankton acclimate and evolve in response to ocean acidification, and on the variation between these responses both within and between phytoplankton species (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Hutchins, Fu, Webb, Walworth, & Tagliabue, 2013; Schaum, Rost, Millar,…”
BackgroundMacroalgal response to a warmer ocean with higher CO2 concentration
Hernández, C. A., Sangil, C., Fanai, A., & Hernández, J. C. (2018) · Marine Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.01.010 · Cited by 25
Effects of ocean acidification on algae growth and feeding rates of juvenile sea urchins
Rodríguez, A., Clemente, S., Brito, A., & Hernández, J. C. (2018) · Marine Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.07.004 · Cited by 23
Cohen, M. L., Mashanova, E. V., Jagannathan, S. V., & Soto, W. (2020) · Microbiology · doi:10.1099/mic.0.000884 · Cited by 26
“At the other extreme, a pH~6.0 is not uncommon in marine waters, where there is extensive upwelling of inorganic nutrients, high influx of dissolved organic carbon, and active geological activity [58, 59].”
InfluentialPrada, F., Brizi, L., Franzellitti, S., Mengoli, S., Fermani, S., Polishchuk, I., Baraldi, N., Ricci, F., Palazzo, Q., Caroselli, E., et al. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-98976-9 · Cited by 24
Shallow-water hydrothermal vents in the Azores (Portugal)
Couto, R. P., Rodrigues, A., & Neto, A. I. (2015) · Revista de Gestão Costeira Integrada · doi:10.5894/rgci584 · Cited by 23
Barangé, M., Allen, I., Allison, E., Badjeck, M., Blanchard, J. L., Drakeford, B. M., Dulvy, N. K., Harle, J. D., Holmes, R. R., Holt, J., et al. (2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444392241.ch3 · Cited by 24
“Nevertheless, there is enough information to suggest that climate changes will have profound consequences for marine ecosystems and fisheries (Barange and Perry, 2009; Edwards et al., 2002; Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Harvell et al., 2002; Lehodey et al., 2006; Perry et al., 2005; Stenseth et al., 2005).”
BackgroundPredicting the impacts of climate change on New Zealand’s seaweed-based ecosystems
Cornwall, C. E., Nelson, W. A., Aguirre, J. D., Blain, C. O., Coyle, L., D’Archino, R., Desmond, M. J., Hepburn, C. D., Liggins, L., Shears, N. T., et al. (2023) · New Zealand Journal of Botany · doi:10.1080/0028825x.2023.2245786 · Cited by 25
“Ecological impacts of OA have been inferred in other regions of the world from CO 2 seeps with naturally elevated seawater CO 2 concentrations (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Cornwall et al. 2017b; Comeau et al. 2022).”
Fukuda, S., Suzuki, Y., & Shiraiwa, Y. (2014) · Photosynthesis Research · doi:10.1007/s11120-014-9976-9 · Cited by 22
Lombardi, C., Cocito, S., Gambi, M. C., et al. (2011) · Aquatic Biology · doi:10.3354/ab00376 · Cited by 22
Webb, A. L., Elvidge, E. C. L., Hughes, C., Hopkins, F. E., Malin, G., Bach, L. T., Schulz, K. G., Crawfurd, K., Brussaard, C. P. D., Stuhr, A., et al. (2016) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-13-4595-2016 · Cited by 24
Caroselli, E., Gizzi, F., Prada, F., Marchini, C., Airi, V., Kaandorp, J. A., Falini, G., Dubinsky, Z., & Goffredo, S. (2018) · Limnology and Oceanography · doi:10.1002/lno.11097 · Cited by 23
Mirasole, A., Signa, G., Gianguzza, P., Bonaviri, C., Mazzola, A., & Vizzini, S. (2019) · Marine Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104851 · Cited by 20
MECCA, S., Casoli, E., Ardizzone, G., & Gambi, M. C. (2020) · Mediterranean Marine Science · doi:10.12681/mms.20795 · Cited by 22
“The CO2 vents off the Castello Aragonese include relatively large portions of Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile beds (Garrard et al., 2014), as well as sublittoral rocky substrata (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Kroeker et al., 2011).”
InfluentialAnand, M., Rangesh, K., Maruthupandy, M., Jayanthi, G., Rajeswari, B., & Priya, R. J. (2021) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05970 · Cited by 25
“5 units by the end of this century (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
BackgroundGraham, E. R., & Sanders, R. W. (2015) · Marine Ecology · doi:10.1111/maec.12291 · Cited by 21
The future of the northeast Atlantic benthic flora in a high CO 2 world
Cunliffe, R. (2015) · Cited by 22
Microbes support enhanced nitrogen requirements of coral holobionts in a high CO2 environment
Meunier, V., Geißler, L., Bonnet, S., Rädecker, N., Perna, G., Grosso, O., Christophe Lambert, B., Rodolfo‐Metalpa, R., Voolstra, C. R., & Houlbrèque, F. (2021) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1111/mec.16163 · Cited by 22
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Suresh, S., Mirasole, A., Ravasi, T., Vizzini, S., & Schunter, C. (2023) · Evolutionary Applications · doi:10.1111/eva.13574 · Cited by 17
Cornwall, C. E., Comeau, S., & Harvey, B. P. (2024) · Earth System Dynamics · doi:10.5194/esd-15-671-2024 · Cited by 25
Impact of Different Economic Factors on Biological Invasions on the Global Scale
Lin, W., Cheng, X., & Rumei, X. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018797 · Cited by 20
“Recent studies have indicated that increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration may facilitate biological invasions [13–16].”
BackgroundCouto, R. P., Neto, A. I., & Rodrigues, A. S. (2010) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.11.014 · Cited by 20
Metadata
- Authors
- Hall-Spencer, J. M., Rodolfo-Metalpa, R., Martin, S., Ransome, E., Fine, M., Turner, S. M., Rowley, S. J., Tedesco, D., & Buia, M.-C.
- Affiliations
- University of Plymouth (GB)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Bar-Ilan University (IL)
- University of East Anglia (GB)
- University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (IT)
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Hall-Spencer, Jason M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2008-06-08
- Volume
- 454
- Issue
- 7200
- Pages
- 96-99
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2122938469
- Cited by
- 1,359
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 77 · 2020: 76 · 2019: 79 · 2018: 90 · 2017: 86 · 2016: 100 · 2015: 100 · 2014: 108 · 2013: 98 · 2012: 110
- FWCI
- 45.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PEARL (University of Plymouth) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (submittedVersion)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Leverhulme Trust
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Keywords
- ocean acidification, volcanic CO2 vents, rocky shore communities, benthic ecosystems, pH gradient, scleractinian corals, sea urchins, coralline algae, seagrass, climate change impacts on marine ecosystems, sea surface temperature
- MeSH terms
- Acids, Animals, Atlantic Ocean, Calcium Carbonate, Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Invertebrates, Italy, Population Density, Seawater, Ecosystem, Volcanic Eruptions, Alismatales, Eukaryota
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