The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 8 of the 42 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Volcanic carbon dioxide vents show ecosystem effects of ocean acidification
Open accessAbstract
The atmospheric partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) will almost certainly be double that of pre-industrial levels by 2100 and will be considerably higher than at any time during the past few million years. The oceans are a principal sink for anthropogenic CO2 where it is estimated to have caused a 30% increase in the concentration of H+ in ocean surface waters since the early 1900s and may lead to a drop in seawater pH of up to 0.5 units by 2100 (refs 2, 3). Our understanding of how increased ocean acidity may affect marine ecosystems is at present very limited as almost all studies have been in vitro, short-term, rapid perturbation experiments on isolated elements of the ecosystem. Here we show the effects of acidification on benthic ecosystems at shallow coastal sites where volcanic CO2 vents lower the pH of the water column. Along gradients of normal pH (8.1–8.2) to lowered pH (mean 7.8–7.9, minimum 7.4–7.5), typical rocky shore communities with abundant calcareous organisms shifted to communities lacking scleractinian corals with significant reductions in sea urchin and coralline algal abundance. To our knowledge, this is the first ecosystem-scale validation of predictions that these important groups of organisms are susceptible to elevated amounts of pCO2. Sea-grass production was highest in an area at mean pH 7.6 (1,827 μatm pCO2) where coralline algal biomass was significantly reduced and gastropod shells were dissolving due to periods of carbonate sub-saturation…
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Claims the paper makes
20 Own result · 11 No full text of the sources · 9 Own interpretation · 4 Partly supported · 4 Sources not found · 4 Not checked yet · 3 Supported · 3 Own method · 2 No basis given · accuracy not yet measured
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“an effect which probably increases their risk of predation 22 .”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [22] Bibby, R. et al. Ocean acidification disrupts induced defences in the intertidal gastropod Littorina littorea . Biol. Lett. 3, 699–701 (2007) source
The Abstract says acidified seawater disrupted induced shell thickening in Littorina littorea, increasing vulnerability to predation. The Results and discussion describes reduced shell thickening under low pH as a potential survival concern; the claim’s “probably” appropriately reflects that predation risk was inferred rather than measured. (LLM, conf=0.91)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Organisms with aragonite skeletons were common outside the vents (for example, Halimeda algae and the corals Caryophyllia, Cladocora and Balanophyllia) but were absent at mean V arag # 2.5 (minimum V arag 0.8-1.2),providing in situ support for predictions of global coral reef dissolution at these concentrations 8 .”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [8] Hoegh-Guldberg, O. et al. Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification. Science 318, 1737–1742 (2007) source
In “Ocean Acidification and Reef Accretion” (page unavailable), the paper says reef carbonate accretion approaches zero or becomes negative at aragonite saturation around 3.3. Its “Trajectories in Response to Climate Change” section predicts that reef erosion will exceed calcification as saturation falls, supporting the cited prediction at ≤2.5. The vent observations are the citing paper’s own evidence, not a finding attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.85)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We found that Corallinaceae cover was significantly reduced at lowered pH (Table 1 and Supplementary Tables 234).”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sea-grass production was highest in an area at mean pH 7.6 (1,827 matm p CO 2 ) where coralline algal biomass was significantly reduced and gastropod shells were dissolving due to periods of”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Juveniles of Osilinus turbinata and Patella caerulea gastropods were absent in areas with pH minima #7.4,where all adult gastropod shells (including Hexaplex trunculus and Cerithium vulgatum) were weakened by the acidified sea water (Figs 2 and 4, Table 1 and Supplementary Video), an effect which probably increases their risk of predation 22 .”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The species populating the vent sites comprise a suite of organisms that are resilient to naturally high concentrations of p CO 2 and indicate that ocean acidification may benefit highly invasive non-native algal species.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Juveniles of Osilinus turbinata and Patella caerulea gastropods were absent in areas with pH minima #7.4,where all adult gastropod shells (including Hexaplex trunculus and Cerithium vulgatum) were weakened by the acidified sea water (Figs 2 and 4, Table 1 and Supplementary Video), an effect which probably increases their risk of predation 22 .”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Rocky-shore stations with a mean pH of 7.8-7.9(mean p CO 2 804-957 matm) showed a 30% reduction in species numbers (notably calcifiers) compared with the normal pH stations (Supplementary Tables 3 and 4).”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A suite of algal genera proved to be resilient to naturally high amounts of p CO 2 (for example, Caulerpa, Cladophora, Asparagopsis, Dictyota and Sargassum), some of which include invasive alien species that have begun to alter shallow marine ecosystems worldwide 17 .”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The only Cnidaria in waters undersaturated with aragonite were anemones such as Anemonia viridis, which may benefit from increased p CO 2 for photosynthesis of its endosymbiotic dinoflagellates.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 13
- It may state two separate claims as one. 19
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“and may lead to a drop in seawater pH of up to 0.5 units by 2100 (refs 2, 3).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [2] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Summary for Policymakers. In Climate Change 2007: The Physical Sciences Basis. Working Group I Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC (eds Solomon, S. et al.) (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 2007)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Supportedcites [3] Caldeira, K. & Wickett, M. E. Ocean model predictions of chemistry changes from carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere and ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 110 C09S04 doi: 10.1029/2004JC002671 (2005) source
Section 3.1.1 reports that the highest-emission SRES pathway produces a global surface-ocean pH reduction approaching 0.5 units by 2100. The Discussion and Conclusions likewise gives a range of about 0.3–0.5 units by 2100 for the SRES pathways. (LLM, conf=0.94)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The oceans are a principal sink for anthropogenic CO 2 where it is estimated to have caused a 30% increase in the concentration of Hfoot_0 in ocean surface waters since the early 1900s”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [2] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Summary for Policymakers. In Climate Change 2007: The Physical Sciences Basis. Working Group I Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC (eds Solomon, S. et al.) (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 2007)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Partly supportedcites [3] Caldeira, K. & Wickett, M. E. Ocean model predictions of chemistry changes from carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere and ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 110 C09S04 doi: 10.1029/2004JC002671 (2005) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction (§1) says added CO₂ lowers ocean pH, and Table 1 in Discussion and Conclusions (§5) gives a mean surface-ocean pH decrease of 0.09 from preindustrial conditions to 2000. That corresponds to roughly a 23% increase in H⁺ concentration, not the claimed 30%; the table also uses a preindustrial baseline rather than the early 1900s. (LLM, conf=0.86)
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“given that high-latitude pteropods and coral reefs may be unable to make their skeletons by the year 2100 (refs 7, 13).”
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [7] Orr, J. C. et al. Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms. Nature 437, 681–686 (2005) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Biological impacts section (p. 5) reports shell dissolution in live pteropods under conditions projected for 2100 and suggests that some high-latitude pteropods may be unable to maintain their shells. For reef-building corals, the paper reports declining calcification rates (p. 1), not that coral reefs may be unable to make skeletons by 2100. (LLM, conf=0.87)
- Partly supportedcites [13] Davies, A. J., Roberts, J. M. & Hall-Spencer, J. Preserving deep-sea natural heritage: emerging issues in offshore conservation and management. Biol. Conserv. 138, 299–312 (2007) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Section 2.1 (page unavailable) says organisms with calcium-carbonate skeletons face hindered growth in undersaturated water and projects that about 70% of known cold-water coral locations could become undersaturated by 2099. It does not say that coral reefs generally will be unable to make skeletons, and the searched passages do not address high-latitude pteropods. (LLM, conf=0.85)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Short-term laboratory experiments show that many calcareous organisms may be unable to build their skeletons as oceans acidify over the next 100 years 6,7 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [6] Feely, R. A. et al. Impact of anthropogenic CO2 on the CaCO3 system in the oceans. Science 305, 362–366 (2004) source
- Partly supportedcites [7] Orr, J. C. et al. Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms. Nature 437, 681–686 (2005) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The opening section (p. 1) says experimental evidence suggests corals and some plankton will have difficulty maintaining calcium-carbonate skeletons as ocean chemistry changes this century. Biological impacts (p. 5) reports shell dissolution in a 48-hour pteropod experiment and reduced calcification in other organisms. These passages support a risk to skeleton formation, but they do not show that many kinds of organisms may be unable to build skeletons altogether. (LLM, conf=0.86)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“This may combine with other stresses, such as global warming, to drive tropical coral reefs towards functional collapse 8 .”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [8] Hoegh-Guldberg, O. et al. Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification. Science 318, 1737–1742 (2007) source
The paper’s opening summary says global warming and ocean acidification will compromise reef growth and drive reefs toward a tipping point for functional collapse. The ‘Thermal Stress, Synergies, and Ecological Feedback Loops’ section also says acidification and bleaching together enhance harmful feedbacks in coral ecosystems. Page numbers are not provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.93)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The pH and saturation states (V) of calcite and aragonite varied with sea state, being lowest on calm days, and showed large decreases as p CO 2 amounts increased from approximately 300 to more than 2,000 matm through the venting gas fields (Fig. 2 and Supplementary Table 2).”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sea urchins (Paracentrotus lividus, Arbacia lixula), which have high magnesium calcite skeletons, were the most common large invertebrates on sublittoral rock outside the vents but their abundance was significantly reduced where pH reached minima of 7.4-7.5 (Table 1 and Fig. 2).”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sea-grass leaves at P 1 (pH 8.2) had 75% cover of calcified epiphytes but only 2% cover at P 4 (mean pH 7.6) with a significant reduction in epiphytic calcium carbonate per leaf (Table 1 and Figs 3 and 4).”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sea-grass production was highest in an area at mean pH 7.6 (1,827 matm p CO 2 ) where coralline algal biomass was significantly reduced and gastropod shells were dissolving due to periods of”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Organisms with aragonite skeletons were common outside the vents (for example, Halimeda algae and the corals Caryophyllia, Cladocora and Balanophyllia) but were absent at mean V arag # 2.5 (minimum V arag 0.8-1.2),providing in situ support for predictions of global coral reef dissolution at these concentrations 8 .”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As coralline algal cover fell from .60% outside the vent area to zero within it, non-calcareous algal cover increased significantly from near zero to .60% (Fig. 2 and Table 1).”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“where shoot density was significantly higher (Table 1 and Fig. 3) and approximately 30% higher than that known anywhere else around Ischia 12 .”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [12] Ambiente. Marino Costiero e Territorio Delle Isole Flegree (eds Gambi, M. C., Lauro, M. & Jannuzzi, F.) (Accademia di Scienze Fische e Matematiche, Italy, 2003)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Other calcitic organisms, such as the barnacle Chthamalus stellatus, for example, may survive pH minima by closing their rostral plates as their abundance was not significantly reduced until extremely low mean pH 6.6 (Table 1 and Fig. 2).”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When heavily epiphytised leaves were transplanted from station P 1 to P 4 they showed complete dissolution of Corallinaceae in 2 weeks, whereas transplants moved within P 1 were unaffected.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Along gradients of normal pH (8.1-8.2) to lowered pH (mean 7.8-7.9,minimum 7.4-7.5),typical rocky shore communities with abundant calcareous organisms shifted to communities lacking scleractinian corals with significant reductions in sea urchin and coralline algal abundance.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The atmospheric partial pressure of carbon dioxide (p CO 2 ) will almost certainly be double that of pre-industrial levels by 2100 and will be considerably higher than at any time during the past few million years 1 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [1] Pearson, P. N. & Palmer, M. R. Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations over the past 60 million years. Nature 406, 695–699 (2000) source
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Some marine CO 2 vents are at ambient seawater temperature and lack toxic sulphur compounds; such vents can prevail for years to millenia 12 and may be used as natural experiments to advance our understanding of ocean acidification at the ecosystem level.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [12] Ambiente. Marino Costiero e Territorio Delle Isole Flegree (eds Gambi, M. C., Lauro, M. & Jannuzzi, F.) (Accademia di Scienze Fische e Matematiche, Italy, 2003)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Mesocosm experiments have led to predictions that Corallinaceae, which help to protect against coral reef erosion in the tropics, are vulnerable to ocean acidification due to the solubility of their high magnesium calcite skeletons 15,16 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [15] Kleypas, J. A. et al. Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Coral Reefs and Other Marine Calcifiers: A Guide for Future Research. Report of a workshop held 18–20 April 2005, St. Petersburg, FL, sponsored by NSF, NOAA, and the US Geological Survey. (2006)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [16] Kuffner, I. B. et al. Decreased abundance of crustose coralline algae due to ocean acidification. Nature Geosci 1, 114–117 (2008) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The only Cnidaria in waters undersaturated with aragonite were anemones such as Anemonia viridis, which may benefit from increased p CO 2 for photosynthesis of its endosymbiotic dinoflagellates.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Some marine CO 2 vents are at ambient seawater temperature and lack toxic sulphur compounds; such vents can prevail for years to millenia 12 and may be used as natural experiments to advance our understanding of ocean acidification at the ecosystem level.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [12] Ambiente. Marino Costiero e Territorio Delle Isole Flegree (eds Gambi, M. C., Lauro, M. & Jannuzzi, F.) (Accademia di Scienze Fische e Matematiche, Italy, 2003)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“A suite of algal genera proved to be resilient to naturally high amounts of p CO 2 (for example, Caulerpa, Cladophora, Asparagopsis, Dictyota and Sargassum), some of which include invasive alien species that have begun to alter shallow marine ecosystems worldwide 17 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [17] Boudouresque, C. F. & Verlaque, M. Biological pollution in the Meditterranean Sea: invasive versus introduced macrophytes. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 44, 32–38 (2002) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Marine CO 2 vents are abundant in the Mediterranean, especially around Italy and Greece where they typically eject volcanic fluids containing up to 1-2% hydrogen sulphide 10,11 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Williams, S. N., Schaefer, S. J., Calvache v, M. L & Lopez, D. Global carbon dioxide emission to the atmosphere by volcanoes. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 1765–1770 (1992) source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [11] Dando, P. R., Stuben, D. & Varnavas, S. P. Hydrothermalism in the Mediterranean Sea. Prog. Oceanogr. 44, 333–367 (1999) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Mesocosm experiments have shown that sea-grass production can be enhanced at high p CO 2 (ref.19).”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [19] Palacios, S. L. & Zimmerman, R. C. Response of eelgrass Zostera marina to CO2 enrichment: possible impacts of climate change and potential for remediation of coastal habitats. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 344, 1–13 (2007) source
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Although scleractinians can survive skeletal dissolution as polyps in the laboratory 14 , reduced calcification due to low V arag may result in increased risk to predation or competition in open ecosystems.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Fine, M. & Tchernov, D. Scleractinian coral species survive and recover from decalcification. Science 315, 1811 (2007) source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Natural CO 2 flux from volcanic vents and high heat flow areas amounts to less than 0.5% of anthropogenic emissions to the global carbon budget, but can alter local ocean chemistry 9,10 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] Kerrick, D. M., McKibben, M. A., Seward, T. M. & Caldeira, K. Convective hydrothermal CO2 emission from high heat-flow regions. Chem. Geol. 121, 285–293 (1995) source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Williams, S. N., Schaefer, S. J., Calvache v, M. L & Lopez, D. Global carbon dioxide emission to the atmosphere by volcanoes. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 1765–1770 (1992) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although atmospheric diffusion of CO 2 is not predicted to result in aragonite undersaturation in shallow waters of the Mediterranean, observations of such areas are relevant to the localized effects caused by deliberate CO 2 sequestration and to the widespread effects predicted for areas that at present have low V arag , given that high-latitude pteropods and coral reefs may be unable to make”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The analysed Posidonia oceanica shoots were .10yr old at the subtidal study sites and will have integrated the effects of lowered pH over this time.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Salinity (38%) and total alkalinity (2.5 mequiv.kg 21 ) were homogeneous between survey stations and temperature-matched ambient seasonal fluctuations (13-25 uC).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“as ocean acidification will probably bring about reductions in biodiversity and radically alter ecosystems.”
§ Volcanic carbon dioxide vents show ecosystem effects of ocean acidification > NATURE
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This opportunity to observe the tipping points at which principal groups of marine organisms are affected by lowered pH proves that, even without global warming, the projected rise in atmospheric CO 2 concentration is hazardous, as ocean acidification will probably”
§ Volcanic carbon dioxide vents show ecosystem effects of ocean acidification > NATURE
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Although our results may apply to CO 2 -limited seagrasses in other tropical and temperate environments”
From Experimental impacts of climate warming and ocean carbonation on eelgrass Zostera marina (2017) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al. 2008
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“At natural CO2 vent sites, growth and areal cover of seagrasses were observed to be much greater than at adjacent non-CO2 enriched sites [15, 25].”
From Light Levels Affect Carbon Utilisation in Tropical Seagrass under Ocean Acidification (2016) · cites this paper as [25]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Under future scenarios of OA, marine macrophytes like seagrass could benefit, from both increased DIC concentration and a proportional rise in CO2 [15, 25].”
From Light Levels Affect Carbon Utilisation in Tropical Seagrass under Ocean Acidification (2016) · cites this paper as [25]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The calcareous skeleton of coralline algae renders them sensitive to acidi fi ed conditions (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Jokiel et al. 2008; Kuffner et al. 2008; Martin et al. 2008; Gao & Zheng 2010).”
From Ocean acidification outweighs nutrient effects in structuring seagrass epiphyte communities (2014) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al. 2008
In the citing paper
“In general, seagrasses seem able to thrive under high CO 2 conditions (Palacios and Zimmerman, 2007;Hall-Spencer et al., 2008), although the associated epiphytic algal cover falls as CO 2 levels increase (Martin et al., 2008).”
From Effects of ocean acidification on macroalgal communities (2011) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“The unique occurrence of S. vulgare in the most acidified zone (Buia, unpublished data) might relate to a lack of grazing by sea urchins”
From Effects of ocean acidification on macroalgal communities (2011) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“Volcanic vents show that some invasive macroalgae can tolerate persistent high CO 2 levels and also demonstrate what ecological shifts can be expected in vegetated marine ecosystems(Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
From Effects of ocean acidification on macroalgal communities (2011) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“and completely absent from the Ischia CO 2 vents (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
From Effects of ocean acidification on macroalgal communities (2011) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“Volcanic vents show that some invasive macroalgae can tolerate persistent high CO 2 levels and also demonstrate what ecological shifts can be expected in vegetated marine ecosystems(Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
From Effects of ocean acidification on macroalgal communities (2011) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al., 2008
Citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 1,001–1,100 of 1,358
Technical Note: Artificial coral reef mesocosms for ocean acidification investigationsPreprint
Leblud, J., Moulin, L., Batigny, A., Dubois, P., & Grosjean, P. (2014) · doi:10.5194/bgd-11-15463-2014 · Cited by 7
Seagrass Respiration : An assessment of oxygen consumption patterns of temperate marine macrophytes
Rasmusson, L. M. (2015) · DiVA (Stockholm University) · Cited by 6
Williams, E. L., Kratt, C. B., Rodolfo, R. S., Lapus, M. R., Lardizabal, R. R., Bangun, A. S., Nguyen, A. T., Tyler, S. W., & Cardenas, M. B. (2024) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2024gl111857 · Cited by 6
Cox, T. E., Díaz‐Castañeda, V., Martin, S. G., Alliouane, S., Mahacek, P., Fur, A. L., Gattuso, J., & Gazeau, F. (2017) · Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2017.10.003 · Cited by 6
Self-citationOmics Approaches for Algal Applications
Faisal, S., Dixit, D., Elsayed, M., & Behera, D. P. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-42026-9_12 · Cited by 7
Erba, E., & Parente, M. (2024) · Geological Society London Special Publications · doi:10.1144/sp545-2023-125 · Cited by 5
Impacts of ocean acidification on metabolism of marine mollusks
Sokolova, I. M., Bock, C., & Lannig, G. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15938-1.00004-0 · Cited by 4
Lin, Y., Chen, T., Chen, C. A., Wong, S.-L., Meng, P., & Chen, M. (2024) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.117359 · Cited by 9
Caramanna, G., Wei, Y., Maroto‐Valer, M. M., et al. (2012) · Greenhouse Gases Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/ghg.1277 · Cited by 5
The Santorini Volcanic Complex as a Valuable Source of Enzymes for Bioenergy
Polymenakou, P., Nomikou, P., Zafeiropoulos, H., et al. (2021) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en14051414 · Cited by 5
“The volcanic discharge of CO2 results in local pH reduction [13,14].”
BackgroundDecadal vision in oceanography 2021: Coastal oceans
Kida, S., Kurihara, H., Obayashi, Y., et al. (2021) · Oceanography in Japan · doi:10.5928/kaiyou.30.5_87 · Cited by 5
Seaweeds: The Ecological Roles, the Economic Benefits and the Threats for Changing the Carbon Cycle
Satpati, G. G., Sengupta, S., & Pal, R. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-91955-9_16 · Cited by 6
Efficient analysis of split-plot experimental designs using model averaging
Hong, C. Y., Fletcher, D., Zeng, J., McGraw, C. M., Cornwall, C. E., Cummings, V. J., Barr, N., Frost, E. J., & Dillingham, P. W. (2023) · Journal of Quality Technology · doi:10.1080/00224065.2022.2147108 · Cited by 6
“This process can be observed at natural CO2 seeps (Fabricius et al. 2011; Hall-Spencer et al. 2008) or via the laboratory-based experiments that motivate this paper.”
BackgroundSeagrass meadows as ocean acidification refugia for sea urchin larvae
Ravaglioli, C., Marchi, L. D., Giannessi, J., Pretti, C., & Bulleri, F. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167465 · Cited by 6
Effects of pH on Olfactory Behaviours in Male Shore Crabs, Carcinus maenas
Ohnstad, H., Jones, A. M., Howard, B., Schirrmacher, P., Bartels‐Hardege, H., & Hardege, J. D. (2024) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani14060948 · Cited by 5
Natural acidified marine systems: Lessons and predictions
Hernández, J. C., González-Delgado, S., Aliende-Hernández, M., Alfonso, B., Rufino‐Navarro, A., & Hernández, C. A. (2024) · Advances in marine biology · doi:10.1016/bs.amb.2024.08.002 · Cited by 5
Ocean Acidification: An Emerging Threat to our Marine Environment
Longphuirt, S. N., Stengal, D., O'Dowd, C. D., & McGovern, E. (2010) · Marine Institute Open Access Repository (Marine Institute) · Cited by 5
Wall, C. B., & Edmunds, P. J. (2013) · Biological Bulletin · doi:10.1086/bblv225n2p92 · Cited by 5
“:3) arag and low pH. Stimulation of calcification in corals through elevated [HCO 3 (cid:2) ] has been reported previously (Marubini and Thake, 1999; Herfort et al., 2008; Comeau et al., 2012); furthermore, under OA conditions, elevated [HCO 3 (cid:2) ] increases coral calcification (Marubini et al.,…”
BackgroundPrado, P., Heck, K., Watts, S., & Cebrián, J. (2012) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps10159 · Cited by 6
Tribollet, A. D., Grange, J., Parra, H., et al. (2017) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1002/2016gb005575 · Cited by 5
“; Hall-Spencer et al., 2008), no trace of grazing was observed on shells maintained at low pH.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationA continuous-flow and on-site mesocosm for ocean acidification experiments on benthic organisms
Kim, J., Kang, E. J., Kim, K., & Kim, K. Y. (2018) · ALGAE · doi:10.4490/algae.2018.33.11.10 · Cited by 5
“The superlative environmental conditions of natural carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen ion activity (pH) gradients (e.g., volcanic CO2 vents) are truly appropriate to study the effects of naturally acidified seawater on marine communities (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008, Kroeker et al. 2011).”
Background许, 懿., 翟, 惟., 郑, 楠., & 赵, 化. (2012) · Chinese Science Bulletin (Chinese Version) · doi:10.1360/csb2012-57-9-753 · Cited by 6
Marine carbonate sedimentation in volcanic settings
Lokier, S. W. (2021) · Geological Society London Special Publications · doi:10.1144/sp520-2020-251 · Cited by 9
Warming may increase the vulnerability of calcareous algae to bioinvasions
Cebrián, E., Linares, C., & Garrabou, J. (2021) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113099 · Cited by 5
Spatafora, D., Cattano, C., Aglieri, G., Quattrocchi, F., Turco, G., Quartararo, G., Dudemaine, J., Calosi, P., & Milazzo, M. (2022) · Marine Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105758 · Cited by 6
Santin, A., Moschin, E., Lorenti, M., Buia, M. C., & Moro, I. (2022) · Phycologia · doi:10.1080/00318884.2022.2122676 · Cited by 5
“This area is characterized by a gradient of water acidity, with values of total pH ranging approximately from 8.1 to 6.6, due to gaseous emissions of CO2 of volcanic origin, which are estimated to have been active during the last 700 to 1,800 years (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Foo et al. 2018).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationSocioeconomic Aspects: Human Migrations, Tourism and Fisheries
DiSegni, D. M., & Shechter, M. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6704-1_34 · Cited by 5
Raimbault, P., Boudouresque, C., Bănaru, D., Jacquet, S. H. M., Thibault, D., Vicente, N., Gazeau, F., Rodolphe Lemée, B., Andral, B., Galgani, F., et al. (2021) · Presses universitaires de Provence eBooks · doi:10.4000/books.pup.41463 · Cited by 5
Figueroa, F. L., Flores‐Moya, A., Vergara, J. J., Korbee, N., & Hernández, I. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6704-1_8 · Cited by 5
Advances in studies of ecological effects of ocean acidification
Siru, 汪. W., Yin, K., Weijun, 蔡. C., & Dongxiao, 王. W. (2012) · Acta Ecologica Sinica · doi:10.5846/stxb201108131184 · Cited by 6
Dynamic response in the larval geoduck clam proteome to elevated p CO 2Preprint
Timmins‐Schiffman, E., Guzmán, J. M., Elliott, R., Vadopalas, B., & Roberts, S. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/613018 · Cited by 5
Schiltroth, B. (2021) · Summit (Simon Fraser University) · Cited by 5
Macusi, E. D., Albarido, N. A., Clapano, M. B., et al. (2022) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0207.v1 · Cited by 5
Doherty, M. (2009) · Open Access Victoria University of Wellington | Te Herenga Waka (Figshare) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.16970062.v1 · Cited by 4
“136 possibility could certainly explain why, even with the more efficient form I RuBisCO, a number of other free-living algae and seagrasses studied to date respond more dramatically to the addition of CO2 than did the symbiotic dinoflagellates in the current study (Palacious and Zimmerman 2007; Riebesell et al. 2007;…”
BackgroundThe suitability of Mytilus edulis as proxy archive and its response to ocean acidification
Heinemann, A. (2011) · Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) · Cited by 5
Seasonality modulates coral trophic plasticity in an extreme, multi‐stressor environment
Solomon, S. L., de Goeij, J. M., Croasdale, E. M., & Schoepf, V. (2025) · Limnology and Oceanography · doi:10.1002/lno.70046 · Cited by 4
“Extreme reef habitats serve as natural laboratories where coral functional traits that underlie resistance and tolerance to extreme conditions can be investigated in situ (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Schoepf et al. 2015; Camp et al. 2017).”
Gregorio, S. D., Camarda, M., Pisciotta, A. F., et al. (2025) · Environments · doi:10.3390/environments12060197 · Cited by 4
Nanostructured Catalysts for the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2
Ma, M., & Smith, W. A. (2017) · Nanostructure science and technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-59662-4_11 · Cited by 4
A different ocean acidification hazard—The Kolumbo submarine volcano example
Brewer, P. G. (2013) · Geology · doi:10.1130/focus092013.1 · Cited by 4
Komposisi Nutrisi Rumput Laut Calcareous Halimeda opuntia pada Lingkungan Perairan Indonesia
Nurhayati, N., Apriani, S. N. K., Nurbayasari, R., & Murdinah, M. (2017) · Jurnal Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan · doi:10.15578/jpbkp.v12i1.291 · Cited by 5
Sponge Symbiosis: Microbes Make an Essential Part of What It Means to Be a Sponge
Busch, K., Marulanda-Gómez, Á. M., Morganti, T., Bayer, K., & Pita, L. (2023) · Apple Academic Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781003403319-3 · Cited by 5
Martín-Díaz, J. P., González‐Vega, A., Barreyre, T., et al. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170565 · Cited by 4
“…that Tagoro venting area is significantly larger than most Mediterranean volcanoes, such as Kos (Daskalopoulou et al., 2017), Vulcano (Boatta et al., 2013), Methana (D ’ Alessandro et al., 2008) and Ischia Island (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008), and similar to Capo Miseno (Donnarumma et al., 2019).”
Montgomery, D. W., Finlay, J., Simpson, S. D., Engelhard, G. H., Birchenough, S. N. R., & Wilson, R. W. (2024) · Conservation Physiology · doi:10.1093/conphys/coae026 · Cited by 4
Seagrasses in the Eastern Tropical Pacific: species, distribution ecology, blue carbon, and threats
Samper‐Villarreal, J. (2024) · Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research · doi:10.3856/vol52-issue3-fulltext-3167 · Cited by 4
“In contrast, seagrass photosynthesis allows them to buffer the negative impacts of ocean acidification (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008, Hendricks et al. 2014).”
BackgroundTorres‐Romero, E. J., Velasco, J. A., Woolrich‐Piña, G. A., Lemos‐Espinal, J. A., Smith, G. R., Nijman, V., & Ceballos, G. (2025) · Journal of Biogeography · doi:10.1111/jbi.70007 · Cited by 4
Coral Reef Biodiversity in the Face of Climatic Changes
La, S. (2011) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/25049 · Cited by 4
“5 units by 2100 (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008), i.”
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A review of the influence of ocean acidification on marine organisms in coral reefs
Suwa, R., Nakamura, T., Iguchi, A., Nakamura, M., Morita, M., Kato, A., Fujita, K., Inoue, M., Sakai, K., Suzuki, A., et al. (2010) · Oceanography in Japan · doi:10.5928/kaiyou.19.1_21 · Cited by 4
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Turley, C. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-407668-6.00002-1 · Cited by 4
Conese, E. B. C., & Conese, C. (2017) · Proceedings e report · doi:10.36253/978-88-6453-428-2 · Cited by 4
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Anthropogenic pressures enhance the deleterious effects of extreme storms on rocky shore communities
Sanz‐Lázaro, C., Casado-Coy, N., Navarro-Ortín, A., & Terradas, M. (2022) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152917 · Cited by 4
Macusi, E. D., Albarido, N. A., Clapano, M. B., et al. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su14084541 · Cited by 4
Ocean Acidification and Sea Warming-Toward a Better Comprehension of Its Consequences
Rossi, S. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-19467-2_3 · Cited by 4
Climate System Ontology: A Formal Specification of the Complex Climate System
Davarpanah, A., Babaie, H. A., & Huang, G. (2023) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.110809 · Cited by 4
Decline of a distinct coral reef holobiont community under ocean acidification
Williams, J., Pettorelli, N., Hartmann, A. C., Quinn, R. A., Plaisance, L., O’Mahoney, M. J. V., Meyer, C., Fabricius, K., Knowlton, N., & Ransome, E. J. (2024) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-023-01683-y · Cited by 5
“This greater vulnerability of macrobes should lead to declines in some benthic taxa, such as calcified algae, soft and hard corals, sponges [18], and calcified grazers (e.g. gastropods [30]), already documented with OA, and to the disruption of associated macrobe trophic pathways.”
BackgroundSelf-citationConradi, M., Riba, I., Almagro-Pastor, V., & DelValls, T. Á. (2016) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2016.08.032 · Cited by 5
Ma, S., Xu, P., Li, X., Ye, Z., & Xue, J. (2018) · ChemistrySelect · doi:10.1002/slct.201802154 · Cited by 4
van Ginneken, V. (2019) · Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection · doi:10.4236/gep.2019.712009 · Cited by 4
Multi-scale variation in coral reef metrics on four Philippine reef systems
Reyes, M., Robles, R., & Licuanan, W. Y. (2022) · Regional Studies in Marine Science · doi:10.1016/j.rsma.2022.102310 · Cited by 4
Ecosystem Resilience and Resistance to Climate Change
Russell, B. D., & Connell, S. D. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5784-4_53 · Cited by 5
Primary discussion of a carbon sink in the oceans
Ma, C., You, K., Ji, D., Ma, W., & Li, F. (2015) · Journal of Ocean University of China · doi:10.1007/s11802-015-2548-6 · Cited by 4
“…critical to many invertebrate marine animals with carbonate skeletons such as mussels, corals MA et al. / J. Ocean Univ. China (Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research) 2015 14: 284-292 290 and sea urchins (Gazeau, 2007; Guinotte and Fabry, 2008; Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Kleypas, 2006; Zondervan, 2007).”
BackgroundOcean acidification and coral reefs
Benka, S. G. (2012) · Physics Today · doi:10.1063/pt.3.1430 · Cited by 4
Marine Climate Change in Australia
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The impact of ocean acidification on reproduction and early development of marine organisms
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“Wildlife and Climate Change Similarly, Parker et al. (2010) found reduced development, size and increased abnormality in D veliger larvae and spat for both C.”
BackgroundMarine Conservation in a Changing Climate
Pinsky, M. L., Kroeker, K. J., Barshis, D. J., & Logan, C. A. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-384719-5.00336-1 · Cited by 5
McClintock, J. B., Amsler, C. D., Amsler, M. O., Duquette, A., Angus, R. A., Hall-Spencer, J. M., & Milazzo, M. (2014) · doi:10.5194/bgd-11-5215-2014 · Cited by 4
Self-citationOcean Acidification, Effects on Calcification
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Andolina, C., Cilluffo, G., Zammuto, V., Signa, G., Papale, M., Giudice, A. L., Leonardo, R. D., Costa, V., Ciriminna, L., Tomasello, A., et al. (2024) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.117470 · Cited by 3
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Elevated carbon dioxide does not increase macroalgal community photosynthesis
Wada, S., Kurosawa, S., Agostini, S., Harvey, B. P., Satoh, Y., Milazzo, M., & Hall-Spencer, J. M. (2025) · Communications Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43247-025-02730-2 · Cited by 4
“Volcanic CO 2 vents provide valuable natural laboratories for studying shifts in benthic community composition 21 .”
Self-citationHayes, C., Mitchell, A., Ravasi, T., & Nagelkerken, I. (2026) · Fish and Fisheries · doi:10.1111/faf.70051 · Cited by 4
Optimal selection of different CCS technologies under CO2 reduction targets
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Molecular evidence for the intermediate disturbance hypothesis in an acidified marine system
González-Delgado, S., Pérez‐Portela, R., & Hernández, J. C. (2025) · Hydrobiologia · doi:10.1007/s10750-025-05863-9 · Cited by 3
“These CO 2 vents serve as natural laboratories, offering valuable insights into the impacts of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems, surpassing the limitations of traditional laboratory experiments (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
Hulver, A. M., Teixidó, N., Kemp, D. W., Keister, E. F., Gattuso, J., & Grottoli, A. G. (2025) · Coral Reefs · doi:10.1007/s00338-025-02663-4 · Cited by 4
“At CO 2 vent sites in both temperate and tropical ecosystems, calcifying organisms have lower benthic cover and biodiversity compared to ambient pH sites with no venting activity (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Fabricius et al. 2011; Teixidó et al. 2018).”
Oregon's Fish and Wildlife in a Changing Climate
Hixon, M. A., Gregory, S. V., Robinson, W. D., Baker, C. S., Batchelder, H. P., Epps, C. W., Garcia, T. S., Haig, S. M., Letelier, R. M., Lytle, D. A., et al. (2010) · PDXScholar (Portland State University) · Cited by 3
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“coralline algae, corals, echinoderms or molluscs, among others) are chronically exposed to conditions that promote the dissolution of their calcified structures/components (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Marshall et al., 2008; Martin et al., 2008).”
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“…derived CO2 gas bubbling up through the seafloor mixes with seawater, decreasing the pH from an ambient value of ~8.17 to as low as 6.57 (Tedesco 1996, Hall-Spencer et al. 2008, Kroeker et al. 2011, Garrard et al. 2014), well representing business-as-usual IPCC pH projections for 2100 (IPCC 2014).”
BackgroundInfluentialMacroalgal calcification and the effects of ocean acidification and global warming
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High CO2 inhibits substratum exploration and settlement of coral larvae
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Impact of Global Change on Oceanic Dissolved Carbon Chemistry and Acidification: A Review
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“…work that investigated the shells of pelagic pteropods was followed by investigations on benthic volcanic vent and coastal rocky-shore gastropods (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Marshall et al. 2008 2019; Hart et al. 2011; Bednaršek et al. 2012a b 2014a b; Manno et al. 2017; León et al. 2020;…”
BackgroundInfluentialEffects of ocean acidification on growth and photophysiology of two tropical reef macroalgae
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“…laboratory experiments lasting 1–4 weeks generally reported no statistically significant change in growth (Table 3), while field observations across pH gradients show increased benthic cover and abundance of Dictyota (and other non-calcifying algae) in regions with lower seawater pH [66,81–83].”
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“Fleshy macroalgae are generally more resistant to OA compared to calcifying species and can sometimes benefit from a decrease in pH (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008, Johnson et al. 2014, Kram et al. 2016).”
Threats to Ecosystem Engineering Macrophytes: Climate Change
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“For example in the Mediterranean Sea, communities on rocky shores close to volcanic CO2 vents showed a signifi cant reduction in abundance of coralline algae with decreasing pH (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008).”
BackgroundAn innovative methodology for big data visualization in oceanographic domain
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“, 2013; Busch and McElhany, 2016) and compelling evidence of the potential for ecosystem change (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Fabricius et al., 2014; Dutkiewicz et al., 2015; Enochs et al., 2015; Marshall et al., 2017).”
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“…including increased mortality and skeletal malformations in bivalves (Calabrese and Davis 1966), increased shell dissolution and reduced recruitment in gastropods (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Milazzo et al. 2014) and reduced fertilisation, settlement and growth in corals (Albright et al. 2010).”
BackgroundInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Hall-Spencer, J. M., Rodolfo-Metalpa, R., Martin, S., Ransome, E., Fine, M., Turner, S. M., Rowley, S. J., Tedesco, D., & Buia, M.-C.
- Affiliations
- University of Plymouth (GB)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Bar-Ilan University (IL)
- University of East Anglia (GB)
- University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (IT)
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Hall-Spencer, Jason M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2008-06-08
- Volume
- 454
- Issue
- 7200
- Pages
- 96-99
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2122938469
- Cited by
- 1,359
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 77 · 2020: 76 · 2019: 79 · 2018: 90 · 2017: 86 · 2016: 100 · 2015: 100 · 2014: 108 · 2013: 98 · 2012: 110
- FWCI
- 45.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PEARL (University of Plymouth) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (submittedVersion)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Leverhulme Trust
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Keywords
- ocean acidification, volcanic CO2 vents, rocky shore communities, benthic ecosystems, pH gradient, scleractinian corals, sea urchins, coralline algae, seagrass, climate change impacts on marine ecosystems, sea surface temperature
- MeSH terms
- Acids, Animals, Atlantic Ocean, Calcium Carbonate, Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Invertebrates, Italy, Population Density, Seawater, Ecosystem, Volcanic Eruptions, Alismatales, Eukaryota
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