The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 8 of the 42 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Volcanic carbon dioxide vents show ecosystem effects of ocean acidification
Open accessAbstract
The atmospheric partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) will almost certainly be double that of pre-industrial levels by 2100 and will be considerably higher than at any time during the past few million years. The oceans are a principal sink for anthropogenic CO2 where it is estimated to have caused a 30% increase in the concentration of H+ in ocean surface waters since the early 1900s and may lead to a drop in seawater pH of up to 0.5 units by 2100 (refs 2, 3). Our understanding of how increased ocean acidity may affect marine ecosystems is at present very limited as almost all studies have been in vitro, short-term, rapid perturbation experiments on isolated elements of the ecosystem. Here we show the effects of acidification on benthic ecosystems at shallow coastal sites where volcanic CO2 vents lower the pH of the water column. Along gradients of normal pH (8.1–8.2) to lowered pH (mean 7.8–7.9, minimum 7.4–7.5), typical rocky shore communities with abundant calcareous organisms shifted to communities lacking scleractinian corals with significant reductions in sea urchin and coralline algal abundance. To our knowledge, this is the first ecosystem-scale validation of predictions that these important groups of organisms are susceptible to elevated amounts of pCO2. Sea-grass production was highest in an area at mean pH 7.6 (1,827 μatm pCO2) where coralline algal biomass was significantly reduced and gastropod shells were dissolving due to periods of carbonate sub-saturation…
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8 of 42 cited sources checked · 4 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“an effect which probably increases their risk of predation 22 .”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [22] Bibby, R. et al. Ocean acidification disrupts induced defences in the intertidal gastropod Littorina littorea . Biol. Lett. 3, 699–701 (2007) source
The Abstract says acidified seawater disrupted induced shell thickening in Littorina littorea, increasing vulnerability to predation. The Results and discussion describes reduced shell thickening under low pH as a potential survival concern; the claim’s “probably” appropriately reflects that predation risk was inferred rather than measured. (LLM, conf=0.91)
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Organisms with aragonite skeletons were common outside the vents (for example, Halimeda algae and the corals Caryophyllia, Cladocora and Balanophyllia) but were absent at mean V arag # 2.5 (minimum V arag 0.8-1.2),providing in situ support for predictions of global coral reef dissolution at these concentrations 8 .”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [8] Hoegh-Guldberg, O. et al. Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification. Science 318, 1737–1742 (2007) source
In “Ocean Acidification and Reef Accretion” (page unavailable), the paper says reef carbonate accretion approaches zero or becomes negative at aragonite saturation around 3.3. Its “Trajectories in Response to Climate Change” section predicts that reef erosion will exceed calcification as saturation falls, supporting the cited prediction at ≤2.5. The vent observations are the citing paper’s own evidence, not a finding attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We found that Corallinaceae cover was significantly reduced at lowered pH (Table 1 and Supplementary Tables 234).”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sea-grass production was highest in an area at mean pH 7.6 (1,827 matm p CO 2 ) where coralline algal biomass was significantly reduced and gastropod shells were dissolving due to periods of”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Juveniles of Osilinus turbinata and Patella caerulea gastropods were absent in areas with pH minima #7.4,where all adult gastropod shells (including Hexaplex trunculus and Cerithium vulgatum) were weakened by the acidified sea water (Figs 2 and 4, Table 1 and Supplementary Video), an effect which probably increases their risk of predation 22 .”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The species populating the vent sites comprise a suite of organisms that are resilient to naturally high concentrations of p CO 2 and indicate that ocean acidification may benefit highly invasive non-native algal species.”
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Juveniles of Osilinus turbinata and Patella caerulea gastropods were absent in areas with pH minima #7.4,where all adult gastropod shells (including Hexaplex trunculus and Cerithium vulgatum) were weakened by the acidified sea water (Figs 2 and 4, Table 1 and Supplementary Video), an effect which probably increases their risk of predation 22 .”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Rocky-shore stations with a mean pH of 7.8-7.9(mean p CO 2 804-957 matm) showed a 30% reduction in species numbers (notably calcifiers) compared with the normal pH stations (Supplementary Tables 3 and 4).”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A suite of algal genera proved to be resilient to naturally high amounts of p CO 2 (for example, Caulerpa, Cladophora, Asparagopsis, Dictyota and Sargassum), some of which include invasive alien species that have begun to alter shallow marine ecosystems worldwide 17 .”
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The only Cnidaria in waters undersaturated with aragonite were anemones such as Anemonia viridis, which may benefit from increased p CO 2 for photosynthesis of its endosymbiotic dinoflagellates.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
- Probably not a substantial claim. 13
- It may state two separate claims as one. 19
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“and may lead to a drop in seawater pH of up to 0.5 units by 2100 (refs 2, 3).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [2] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Summary for Policymakers. In Climate Change 2007: The Physical Sciences Basis. Working Group I Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC (eds Solomon, S. et al.) (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 2007)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Supportedcites [3] Caldeira, K. & Wickett, M. E. Ocean model predictions of chemistry changes from carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere and ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 110 C09S04 doi: 10.1029/2004JC002671 (2005) source
Section 3.1.1 reports that the highest-emission SRES pathway produces a global surface-ocean pH reduction approaching 0.5 units by 2100. The Discussion and Conclusions likewise gives a range of about 0.3–0.5 units by 2100 for the SRES pathways. (LLM, conf=0.94)
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The oceans are a principal sink for anthropogenic CO 2 where it is estimated to have caused a 30% increase in the concentration of Hfoot_0 in ocean surface waters since the early 1900s”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [2] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Summary for Policymakers. In Climate Change 2007: The Physical Sciences Basis. Working Group I Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC (eds Solomon, S. et al.) (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 2007)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Partly supportedcites [3] Caldeira, K. & Wickett, M. E. Ocean model predictions of chemistry changes from carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere and ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 110 C09S04 doi: 10.1029/2004JC002671 (2005) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction (§1) says added CO₂ lowers ocean pH, and Table 1 in Discussion and Conclusions (§5) gives a mean surface-ocean pH decrease of 0.09 from preindustrial conditions to 2000. That corresponds to roughly a 23% increase in H⁺ concentration, not the claimed 30%; the table also uses a preindustrial baseline rather than the early 1900s. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“given that high-latitude pteropods and coral reefs may be unable to make their skeletons by the year 2100 (refs 7, 13).”
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [7] Orr, J. C. et al. Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms. Nature 437, 681–686 (2005) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Biological impacts section (p. 5) reports shell dissolution in live pteropods under conditions projected for 2100 and suggests that some high-latitude pteropods may be unable to maintain their shells. For reef-building corals, the paper reports declining calcification rates (p. 1), not that coral reefs may be unable to make skeletons by 2100. (LLM, conf=0.87)
- Partly supportedcites [13] Davies, A. J., Roberts, J. M. & Hall-Spencer, J. Preserving deep-sea natural heritage: emerging issues in offshore conservation and management. Biol. Conserv. 138, 299–312 (2007) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Section 2.1 (page unavailable) says organisms with calcium-carbonate skeletons face hindered growth in undersaturated water and projects that about 70% of known cold-water coral locations could become undersaturated by 2099. It does not say that coral reefs generally will be unable to make skeletons, and the searched passages do not address high-latitude pteropods. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Short-term laboratory experiments show that many calcareous organisms may be unable to build their skeletons as oceans acidify over the next 100 years 6,7 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [6] Feely, R. A. et al. Impact of anthropogenic CO2 on the CaCO3 system in the oceans. Science 305, 362–366 (2004) source
- Partly supportedcites [7] Orr, J. C. et al. Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms. Nature 437, 681–686 (2005) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The opening section (p. 1) says experimental evidence suggests corals and some plankton will have difficulty maintaining calcium-carbonate skeletons as ocean chemistry changes this century. Biological impacts (p. 5) reports shell dissolution in a 48-hour pteropod experiment and reduced calcification in other organisms. These passages support a risk to skeleton formation, but they do not show that many kinds of organisms may be unable to build skeletons altogether. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“This may combine with other stresses, such as global warming, to drive tropical coral reefs towards functional collapse 8 .”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [8] Hoegh-Guldberg, O. et al. Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification. Science 318, 1737–1742 (2007) source
The paper’s opening summary says global warming and ocean acidification will compromise reef growth and drive reefs toward a tipping point for functional collapse. The ‘Thermal Stress, Synergies, and Ecological Feedback Loops’ section also says acidification and bleaching together enhance harmful feedbacks in coral ecosystems. Page numbers are not provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.93)
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The pH and saturation states (V) of calcite and aragonite varied with sea state, being lowest on calm days, and showed large decreases as p CO 2 amounts increased from approximately 300 to more than 2,000 matm through the venting gas fields (Fig. 2 and Supplementary Table 2).”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sea urchins (Paracentrotus lividus, Arbacia lixula), which have high magnesium calcite skeletons, were the most common large invertebrates on sublittoral rock outside the vents but their abundance was significantly reduced where pH reached minima of 7.4-7.5 (Table 1 and Fig. 2).”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sea-grass leaves at P 1 (pH 8.2) had 75% cover of calcified epiphytes but only 2% cover at P 4 (mean pH 7.6) with a significant reduction in epiphytic calcium carbonate per leaf (Table 1 and Figs 3 and 4).”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sea-grass production was highest in an area at mean pH 7.6 (1,827 matm p CO 2 ) where coralline algal biomass was significantly reduced and gastropod shells were dissolving due to periods of”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Organisms with aragonite skeletons were common outside the vents (for example, Halimeda algae and the corals Caryophyllia, Cladocora and Balanophyllia) but were absent at mean V arag # 2.5 (minimum V arag 0.8-1.2),providing in situ support for predictions of global coral reef dissolution at these concentrations 8 .”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As coralline algal cover fell from .60% outside the vent area to zero within it, non-calcareous algal cover increased significantly from near zero to .60% (Fig. 2 and Table 1).”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“where shoot density was significantly higher (Table 1 and Fig. 3) and approximately 30% higher than that known anywhere else around Ischia 12 .”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [12] Ambiente. Marino Costiero e Territorio Delle Isole Flegree (eds Gambi, M. C., Lauro, M. & Jannuzzi, F.) (Accademia di Scienze Fische e Matematiche, Italy, 2003)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Other calcitic organisms, such as the barnacle Chthamalus stellatus, for example, may survive pH minima by closing their rostral plates as their abundance was not significantly reduced until extremely low mean pH 6.6 (Table 1 and Fig. 2).”
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When heavily epiphytised leaves were transplanted from station P 1 to P 4 they showed complete dissolution of Corallinaceae in 2 weeks, whereas transplants moved within P 1 were unaffected.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Along gradients of normal pH (8.1-8.2) to lowered pH (mean 7.8-7.9,minimum 7.4-7.5),typical rocky shore communities with abundant calcareous organisms shifted to communities lacking scleractinian corals with significant reductions in sea urchin and coralline algal abundance.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The atmospheric partial pressure of carbon dioxide (p CO 2 ) will almost certainly be double that of pre-industrial levels by 2100 and will be considerably higher than at any time during the past few million years 1 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [1] Pearson, P. N. & Palmer, M. R. Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations over the past 60 million years. Nature 406, 695–699 (2000) source
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Some marine CO 2 vents are at ambient seawater temperature and lack toxic sulphur compounds; such vents can prevail for years to millenia 12 and may be used as natural experiments to advance our understanding of ocean acidification at the ecosystem level.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [12] Ambiente. Marino Costiero e Territorio Delle Isole Flegree (eds Gambi, M. C., Lauro, M. & Jannuzzi, F.) (Accademia di Scienze Fische e Matematiche, Italy, 2003)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Mesocosm experiments have led to predictions that Corallinaceae, which help to protect against coral reef erosion in the tropics, are vulnerable to ocean acidification due to the solubility of their high magnesium calcite skeletons 15,16 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [15] Kleypas, J. A. et al. Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Coral Reefs and Other Marine Calcifiers: A Guide for Future Research. Report of a workshop held 18–20 April 2005, St. Petersburg, FL, sponsored by NSF, NOAA, and the US Geological Survey. (2006)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [16] Kuffner, I. B. et al. Decreased abundance of crustose coralline algae due to ocean acidification. Nature Geosci 1, 114–117 (2008) source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The only Cnidaria in waters undersaturated with aragonite were anemones such as Anemonia viridis, which may benefit from increased p CO 2 for photosynthesis of its endosymbiotic dinoflagellates.”
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Some marine CO 2 vents are at ambient seawater temperature and lack toxic sulphur compounds; such vents can prevail for years to millenia 12 and may be used as natural experiments to advance our understanding of ocean acidification at the ecosystem level.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [12] Ambiente. Marino Costiero e Territorio Delle Isole Flegree (eds Gambi, M. C., Lauro, M. & Jannuzzi, F.) (Accademia di Scienze Fische e Matematiche, Italy, 2003)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“A suite of algal genera proved to be resilient to naturally high amounts of p CO 2 (for example, Caulerpa, Cladophora, Asparagopsis, Dictyota and Sargassum), some of which include invasive alien species that have begun to alter shallow marine ecosystems worldwide 17 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [17] Boudouresque, C. F. & Verlaque, M. Biological pollution in the Meditterranean Sea: invasive versus introduced macrophytes. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 44, 32–38 (2002) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Marine CO 2 vents are abundant in the Mediterranean, especially around Italy and Greece where they typically eject volcanic fluids containing up to 1-2% hydrogen sulphide 10,11 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Williams, S. N., Schaefer, S. J., Calvache v, M. L & Lopez, D. Global carbon dioxide emission to the atmosphere by volcanoes. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 1765–1770 (1992) source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [11] Dando, P. R., Stuben, D. & Varnavas, S. P. Hydrothermalism in the Mediterranean Sea. Prog. Oceanogr. 44, 333–367 (1999) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Mesocosm experiments have shown that sea-grass production can be enhanced at high p CO 2 (ref.19).”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [19] Palacios, S. L. & Zimmerman, R. C. Response of eelgrass Zostera marina to CO2 enrichment: possible impacts of climate change and potential for remediation of coastal habitats. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 344, 1–13 (2007) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Although scleractinians can survive skeletal dissolution as polyps in the laboratory 14 , reduced calcification due to low V arag may result in increased risk to predation or competition in open ecosystems.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Fine, M. & Tchernov, D. Scleractinian coral species survive and recover from decalcification. Science 315, 1811 (2007) source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Natural CO 2 flux from volcanic vents and high heat flow areas amounts to less than 0.5% of anthropogenic emissions to the global carbon budget, but can alter local ocean chemistry 9,10 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] Kerrick, D. M., McKibben, M. A., Seward, T. M. & Caldeira, K. Convective hydrothermal CO2 emission from high heat-flow regions. Chem. Geol. 121, 285–293 (1995) source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Williams, S. N., Schaefer, S. J., Calvache v, M. L & Lopez, D. Global carbon dioxide emission to the atmosphere by volcanoes. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 1765–1770 (1992) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although atmospheric diffusion of CO 2 is not predicted to result in aragonite undersaturation in shallow waters of the Mediterranean, observations of such areas are relevant to the localized effects caused by deliberate CO 2 sequestration and to the widespread effects predicted for areas that at present have low V arag , given that high-latitude pteropods and coral reefs may be unable to make”
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The analysed Posidonia oceanica shoots were .10yr old at the subtidal study sites and will have integrated the effects of lowered pH over this time.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Salinity (38%) and total alkalinity (2.5 mequiv.kg 21 ) were homogeneous between survey stations and temperature-matched ambient seasonal fluctuations (13-25 uC).”
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“as ocean acidification will probably bring about reductions in biodiversity and radically alter ecosystems.”
§ Volcanic carbon dioxide vents show ecosystem effects of ocean acidification > NATURE
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This opportunity to observe the tipping points at which principal groups of marine organisms are affected by lowered pH proves that, even without global warming, the projected rise in atmospheric CO 2 concentration is hazardous, as ocean acidification will probably”
§ Volcanic carbon dioxide vents show ecosystem effects of ocean acidification > NATURE
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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In the citing paper
“Although our results may apply to CO 2 -limited seagrasses in other tropical and temperate environments”
From Experimental impacts of climate warming and ocean carbonation on eelgrass Zostera marina (2017) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al. 2008
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“At natural CO2 vent sites, growth and areal cover of seagrasses were observed to be much greater than at adjacent non-CO2 enriched sites [15, 25].”
From Light Levels Affect Carbon Utilisation in Tropical Seagrass under Ocean Acidification (2016) · cites this paper as [25]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Under future scenarios of OA, marine macrophytes like seagrass could benefit, from both increased DIC concentration and a proportional rise in CO2 [15, 25].”
From Light Levels Affect Carbon Utilisation in Tropical Seagrass under Ocean Acidification (2016) · cites this paper as [25]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The calcareous skeleton of coralline algae renders them sensitive to acidi fi ed conditions (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Jokiel et al. 2008; Kuffner et al. 2008; Martin et al. 2008; Gao & Zheng 2010).”
From Ocean acidification outweighs nutrient effects in structuring seagrass epiphyte communities (2014) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al. 2008
In the citing paper
“In general, seagrasses seem able to thrive under high CO 2 conditions (Palacios and Zimmerman, 2007;Hall-Spencer et al., 2008), although the associated epiphytic algal cover falls as CO 2 levels increase (Martin et al., 2008).”
From Effects of ocean acidification on macroalgal communities (2011) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“The unique occurrence of S. vulgare in the most acidified zone (Buia, unpublished data) might relate to a lack of grazing by sea urchins”
From Effects of ocean acidification on macroalgal communities (2011) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“Volcanic vents show that some invasive macroalgae can tolerate persistent high CO 2 levels and also demonstrate what ecological shifts can be expected in vegetated marine ecosystems(Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
From Effects of ocean acidification on macroalgal communities (2011) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“and completely absent from the Ischia CO 2 vents (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
From Effects of ocean acidification on macroalgal communities (2011) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“Volcanic vents show that some invasive macroalgae can tolerate persistent high CO 2 levels and also demonstrate what ecological shifts can be expected in vegetated marine ecosystems(Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
From Effects of ocean acidification on macroalgal communities (2011) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al., 2008
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Items 401–500 of 1,358
Potential impacts of ocean acidification on the Puget Sound food web
Busch, D. S., Harvey, C. J., & McElhany, P. (2013) · ICES Journal of Marine Science · doi:10.1093/icesjms/fst061 · Cited by 54
“Observations from natural CO2 vents show that increases in CO2 can substantially alter marine communities (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Kroeker et al., 2011; Fabricius et al., 2011).”
BackgroundChan, B. K. K., Wang, T.-W., Chen, P.-C., et al. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148675 · Cited by 51
“This observation is consistent with previous study on shallow water vent showed that reduced pH near the vent will impede the growth and survival of calcified algae [31].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSmall, D. P., Calosi, P., Boothroyd, D. P., Widdicombe, S., & Spicer, J. I. (2016) · Marine Biology · doi:10.1007/s00227-016-2834-x · Cited by 56
Barry, J., Lovera, C. F., Buck, K. R., Peltzer, E. T., Taylor, J. R., Walz, P. M., Whaling, P. J., & Brewer, P. G. (2014) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es501603r · Cited by 51
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Impacts of ocean acidification
Williamson, P. C., Turley, C., Brownlee, C., Findlay, H. S., Ridgwell, A. J., Schmidt, D. N., Schroeder, D. C., Blackford, J., Tyrrell, T., & Pinnegar, J. K. (2013) · UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) · doi:10.14465/2013.arc05.034-048 · Cited by 55
Predicting the impacts of ocean acidification: Challenges from an ecosystem perspective
Blackford, J. (2009) · Journal of Marine Systems · doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2009.12.016 · Cited by 52
“Hall-Spencer et al. (2008)have reported thewhole sale restructuring of benthic communities in the vicinity of natural CO2 seeps, with no evidence for adaptation, a loss of biodiversity and a shift in the primary”
BackgroundOcean acidification in New Zealand waters: trends and impacts
Law, C. S., Bell, J. J., Bostock, H., Cornwall, C. E., Cummings, V. J., Currie, K., Davy, S. K., Gammon, M., Hepburn, C. D., Hurd, C. L., et al. (2017) · New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research · doi:10.1080/00288330.2017.1374983 · Cited by 56
“This approach was first used to study OA impacts in coastal waters of volcanic islands in the Mediterranean (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008), and has led to subsequent insights into the role of pH in shaping benthic communities at different locations worldwide (Fabricius et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialBeale, C. S., Stewart, J., Setyawan, E., Sianipar, A. B., & Erdmann, M. (2019) · Diversity and Distributions: A journal of biological invasions and biodiversity · doi:10.1111/ddi.12962 · Cited by 46
Zervoudaki, S., Frangoulis, C., Giannoudi, L., & Krasakopoulou, Ε. (2013) · Mediterranean Marine Science · doi:10.12681/mms.553 · Cited by 49
“dicted for 2100 (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
Using coralline algae to understand historic marine cloud cover
Burdett, H. L., Kamenos, N. A., & Law, A. (2010) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.07.027 · Cited by 49
Kim, J., Kang, E. J., Edwards, M. S., Lee, K., Jeong, H. J., & Kim, K. Y. (2016) · ALGAE · doi:10.4490/algae.2016.31.8.20 · Cited by 49
Mannino, A. M., Balistreri, P., & Deidun, A. (2017) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.69214 · Cited by 52
“The rise ofdissolved carbon dioxide, lowering the pH of the ocean waters, is altering the sea‐ water carbonate system, as part of the so‐called ‘ocean acidification’ phenomenon, which may affect organisms and ecosystem functioning [30].”
BackgroundRastrick, S. P. S., Graham, H., Azetsu‐Scott, K., Calosi, P., Chierici, M., Fransson, A., Hop, H., Hall-Spencer, J. M., Milazzo, M., Thor, P., et al. (2018) · ICES Journal of Marine Science · doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsy128 · Cited by 51
“Such analogues for future predicted OA have included so far volcanic vent sites 115 (e.g. Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Kroeker et al., 2011, 2013), up-welling of deep CO2 rich 116 water (Manzello et al., 2014) and temperate systems which present a mosaic of alkalinity 117 and pH conditions (Thomsen…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationDiatoms Dominate and Alter Marine Food-Webs When CO2 Rises
Harvey, B. P., Agostini, S., Kon, K., Wada, S., & Hall-Spencer, J. M. (2019) · Diversity · doi:10.3390/d11120242 · Cited by 50
Self-citationBiological Approaches to Global Environment Change Mitigation and Remediation
Woodward, F. I., Bardgett, R. D., Raven, J. A., & Hetherington, A. M. (2009) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2009.06.012 · Cited by 50
“The changes in surface ocean chemistry, called anthropogenic ocean acidification, have significant biological effects [60–63].”
Blackford, J., Alendal, G., Avlesen, H., Brereton, A., Cazenave, P. W., Chen, B., Dewar, M., Holt, J., & Phelps, J. J. C. (2020) · International journal of greenhouse gas control · doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2019.102949 · Cited by 48
Luchetta, A., Cantoni, C., & Catalano, G. (2010) · Chemistry and Ecology · doi:10.1080/02757541003627688 · Cited by 48
“atmospheric CO2 dissolution (solubility pump), represents the other CO2 problem [9–11] to have recently emerged as a serious concern because of its consequences for the buffering capacity of the ocean and for biogeochemistry, biota, marine ecosystems and marine food webs [12– 15].”
BackgroundTaylor, J. D., Ellis, R., Milazzo, M., Hall-Spencer, J. M., & Cunliffe, M. (2014) · FEMS Microbiology Ecology · doi:10.1111/1574-6941.12368 · Cited by 48
“More specifically, the prominent pH and carbonate chemistry gradients found at CO2 seeps have been utilised to model the potential ecosystem impacts of future ocean acidification caused by anthropogenic CO2 emissions (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
BackgroundSelf-citationLombardi, C., Rodolfo‐Metalpa, R., Cocito, S., Gambi, M. C., & Taylor, P. D. (2010) · Marine Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0485.2010.00426.x · Cited by 47
Self-citationSeagrass (Posidonia oceanica) seedlings in a high-CO2 world: from physiology to herbivory
Hernán, G., Ramajo, L., Basso, L., Delgado‐Huertas, A., Terrados, J., Duarte, C. M., & Tomás, F. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep38017 · Cited by 50
Íñiguez, C., Carmona, R., Lorenzo, M. R., Niell, F. X., Wiencke, C., & Gordillo, F. J. L. (2015) · Polar Biology · doi:10.1007/s00300-015-1724-x · Cited by 53
“…as this process causes a decreased saturation state of CaCO3 which could make calcification more difficult for marine calcifying seaweeds (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008), but there are also reports of a negative effect of increased CO2 on growth rate in noncalcifying ones (Mercado et al.…”
BackgroundInfluentialBradassi, F., Cumani, F., Bressan, G., & Dupont, S. (2013) · Marine Biology · doi:10.1007/s00227-013-2260-2 · Cited by 46
“For example, the species richness and cover of coralline algae are reduced, up to complete loss, when pH naturally decreases in volcanic vents areas (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Martin et al. 2008; Porzio et al. 2011; Kroeker et al. 2012) or generally in the field (Price et al.”
BackgroundSeaweed Responses to Ocean Acidification
Roleda, M. Y., & Hurd, C. L. (2012) · Ecological studies · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-28451-9_19 · Cited by 53
CO 2 and nutrient-driven changes across multiple levels of organization in Zostera noltii ecosystems
Martínez‐Crego, B., Olivé, I., & Santos, R. (2014) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-11-7237-2014 · Cited by 46
“, 2010) and to decrease abundance of coralline algae (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Martin et al., 2008; Kuffner et al., 2008, Campbell and Fourqurean, 2014).”
BackgroundResultSerra, I. A., Lauritano, C., Dattolo, E., Puoti, A., Nicastro, S., Innocenti, A. M., & Procaccini, G. (2012) · Marine Biology · doi:10.1007/s00227-012-1907-8 · Cited by 47
“I. A. Serra S. Nicastro A. M. Innocenti Università Della Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy C. Lauritano E. Dattolo A. Puoti G. Procaccini (&) Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy e-mail: gpro@szn.it seagrasses (Waycott et al. 2009; Marbà and Duarte 2010), and…”
BackgroundInfluentialScientific summary of ocean acidification in Washington State marine waters
Feely, R. A., Klinger, T., Newton, J. A., & Chadsey, M. (2012) · Cited by 47
Ocean acidification alters bacterial communities on marine plastic debris
Harvey, B. P., Kerfahi, D., Jung, Y., Shin, J., Adams, J. M., & Hall-Spencer, J. M. (2020) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111749 · Cited by 49
Self-citationThe effect of ocean acidification on early algal colonization stages at natural CO2 vents
Porzio, L., Garrard, S. L., & Buia, M. C. (2013) · Marine Biology · doi:10.1007/s00227-013-2251-3 · Cited by 45
“…Nl) and were chosen as they have been used for previous research and zones correspond to current conditions, values predicted for 2100 and low pH conditions which might be expected from the release of gas during anthropogenic CO2 sequestration (see Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Kroeker et al. 2011b).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationPerspective Impact on Water Environment and Hydrological Regime Owing to Climate Change: A Review
Abbas, M., Zhao, L., & Wang, Y. (2022) · Hydrology · doi:10.3390/hydrology9110203 · Cited by 47
Marchant, H. K., Calosi, P., & Spicer, J. I. (2010) · Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom · doi:10.1017/s0025315410000457 · Cited by 46
“Such cleaning was necessary to both reduce epibiont respiration and allow visual detection of any hypercapnic-related shell dissolution, as this phenomenon has been documented previously in Patella caerulea exposed to pH 7.4 around volcanic CO2 vents (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialOcean Acidification and Coral Reefs: An Emerging Big Picture
Veron, J. E. N. (2011) · Diversity · doi:10.3390/d3020262 · Cited by 47
“One such occurrence was a spring on the Italian coast where naturally occurring species with carbonate skeletons were displaced in favor of species without skeletons [47].”
BackgroundSkeletal alterations and polymorphism in a Mediterranean bryozoan at natural CO2 vents
Lombardi, C., Gambi, M. C., Vasapollo, C., et al. (2011) · Zoomorphology · doi:10.1007/s00435-011-0127-y · Cited by 46
“However, some species of barnacles did not differ in abundance between control and vent sites (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialGas hydrate dissociation prolongs acidification of the Anthropocene oceans
Boudreau, B. P., Luo, Y., Meysman, F. J. R., Middelburg, J. J., & Dickens, G. R. (2015) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1002/2015gl065779 · Cited by 45
Andersen, S., Grefsrud, E. S., & Harboe, T. (2013) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-10-6161-2013 · Cited by 47
“5 (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Thomsen et al., 2010).”
Zunino, S., Canu, D. M., Zupo, V., & Solidoro, C. (2019) · Global Ecology and Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00625 · Cited by 46
Impact of CO2 leakage from sub-seabed carbon dioxide storage on sediment and porewater geochemistry
Lichtschlag, A., Haeckel, M., Olierook, D., Peel, K., Flohr, A., Pearce, C. R., Marieni, C., James, R. H., & Connelly, D. P. (2021) · International journal of greenhouse gas control · doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2021.103352 · Cited by 47
Raulf, F. F., Fabricius, K., Uthicke, S., de Beer, D., Abed, R. M. M., & Ramette, A. (2014) · Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1111/1462-2920.12729 · Cited by 50
“This change would be accompanied by a significant decrease in seawater carbonate ion concentrations and a lower saturation state for calcium carbonate minerals, directly affecting marine calcareous organisms such as coccolithophorids, foraminifera, scleractinian corals and coralline algae (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; F…”
BackgroundLauritano, C., Ruocco, M., Dattolo, E., Buia, M. C., Silva, J., Santos, R., Olivé, I., Costa, M. M., & Procaccini, G. (2015) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-12-4185-2015 · Cited by 46
Self-citationBiomonitoring acidification using marine gastropods
Marshall, D. J., Abdelhady, A. A., Wah, D. T. T., Mustapha, N., Gödeke, S. H., Silva, L. C. D., & Hall-Spencer, J. M. (2019) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.041 · Cited by 47
Self-citationDonnarumma, L., Appolloni, L., Chianese, E., Bruno, R., Baldrighi, E., Guglielmo, R., Russo, G. F., Zeppilli, D., & Sandulli, R. (2019) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00685 · Cited by 47
Marine Biodiversity and Climate Change
Worm, B., & Lotze, H. K. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63524-2.00013-0 · Cited by 46
Responses of calcifying algae (Halimeda spp.) to ocean acidification: implications for herbivores
Campbell, J., Craft, J., Muehllehner, N., Langdon, C., & Paul, V. J. (2014) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps10981 · Cited by 45
“As such, experiments that elucidate the mechanisms driving OA-induced shifts in benthic and food web structure are needed (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008, Doney et al. 2009).”
BackgroundCelis‐Plá, P. S. M., Martínez, B. D. ‐., Korbee, N., Hall-Spencer, J. M., & Figueroa, F. L. (2017) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-017-1943-y · Cited by 44
“Loss of CaCO3 due to ocean acidification has been reported for many seaweeds (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Martin and Gattuso 2009; Hofmann et al. 2015).”
BackgroundSelf-citationAn updated synthesis of the impacts of ocean acidification on marine biodiversity
Hennige, S., Roberts, J. M., & Williamson, P. C. (2014) · UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) · Cited by 42
Boron isotope sensitivity to seawater pH change in a species of Neogoniolithon coralline red alga
Donald, H. K., Ries, J. B., Stewart, J., Fowell, S. E., & Foster, G. L. (2017) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2017.08.021 · Cited by 44
Proum, S., Santos, J. H., Lim, L. H., & Marshall, D. J. (2017) · Regional Studies in Marine Science · doi:10.1016/j.rsma.2017.11.004 · Cited by 47
CO 2 leakage alters biogeochemical and ecological functions of submarine sands
Molari, M., Guilini, K., Lott, C., Weber, M., de Beer, D., Meyer, S., Ramette, A., Wegener, G., Wenzhöfer, F., Martin, D. J., et al. (2018) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aao2040 · Cited by 45
Rendina, F., Bouchet, P. J., Appolloni, L., Russo, G. F., Sandulli, R., Kolzenburg, R., Putra, A., & Ragazzola, F. (2019) · Marine Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104764 · Cited by 46
The sounds of silence: regime shifts impoverish marine soundscapes
Rossi, T., Connell, S. D., & Nagelkerken, I. (2016) · Landscape Ecology · doi:10.1007/s10980-016-0439-x · Cited by 44
“Similarly, at the island of Ischia (Italy), shallow CO2 vents are present around Castello Aragonese where sound recordings were done at two well characterized sites based on previous studies (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Kerrison et al. 2011) (Table S1).”
BackgroundRapid evolution fuels transcriptional plasticity to ocean acidification
Kang, J., Nagelkerken, I., Rummer, J. L., Rodolfo‐Metalpa, R., Munday, P. L., Ravasi, T., & Schunter, C. (2022) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.16119 · Cited by 37
“…Papua New Guinea), can be used as natural laboratories where CO 2 rises from the substratum and acidifies the surrounding seawater to levels similar to, or sometimes beyond, the projections for OA by the end of this century (Fabricius et al., 2011; Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Munday et al., 2014).”
Self-citationShi, Y., & Li, Y. (2023) · Aquatic Ecology · doi:10.1007/s10452-023-10058-2 · Cited by 50
“Hall-Spencer et al. (2008) conducted research using natural CO 2 vents as analogues, studying a coastal area in Ischia, Italy, to observe the responses of various marine organisms to elevated CO 2 levels.”
Vogel, N., Fabricius, K., Strahl, J., Noonan, S. H. C., Wild, C., & Uthicke, S. (2015) · Limnology and Oceanography · doi:10.1002/lno.10021 · Cited by 44
“Volcanic CO2 seeps and areas of CO2 upwelling have been described worldwide in temperate (Calosi et al. 2013; Cigliano et al. 2010; Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Inoue et al. 2013; Johnson et al. 2012; Porzio et al. 2011) and tropical (Fabricius et al. 2011, 2014; Johnson et al. 2012; Noonan et al.…”
BackgroundResultHigh heat flow and ocean acidification at a nascent rift in the northern Gulf of California
Prol‐Ledesma, R. M., Torres-Vera, M. A., Rodolfo‐Metalpa, R., Ángeles, C., Lechuga-Devéze, C. H., Villanueva‐Estrada, R. E., Shumilin, E. N., & Robinson, C. J. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms2390 · Cited by 42
Self-citationEFFECTS ON MARINE ALGAE OF CHANGED SEAWATER CHEMISTRY WITH INCREASING ATMOSPHERIC CO2
Raven, J. A. (2011) · Biology & Environment Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy · doi:10.3318/bioe.2011.01 · Cited by 52
Cell Biology of Reef-Building Corals: Ion Transport, Acid/Base Regulation, and Energy Metabolism
Tresguerres, M., Barott, K. L., Barron, M. E., Deheyn, D. D., Kline, D. I., & Linsmayer, L. B. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-39617-0_7 · Cited by 44
Herbivore diversity improves benthic community resilience to ocean acidification
Baggini, C., Issaris, Y., Salomidi, M., & Hall-Spencer, J. M. (2015) · Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2015.04.019 · Cited by 43
“Our study adds to several others that show ‘bottom-up’ CO2 effects can have significant effects on benthic communities (Fabricius et al., 2014; Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationChange, I. P. O. C. (2015) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781107415386.010 · Cited by 61
Nutrient Loading Fosters Seagrass Productivity Under Ocean Acidification
Ravaglioli, C., Lauritano, C., Buia, M. C., Balestri, E., Capocchi, A., Fontanini, D., Pardi, G., Tamburello, L., Procaccini, G., & Bulleri, F. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-14075-8 · Cited by 43
Self-citationCornwall, C. E., Pilditch, C., Hepburn, C., & Hurd, C. L. (2015) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps11190 · Cited by 41
“Future ocean acidification could have negative con - sequences for macroalgal-based ecosystems (Cal - deira & Wickett 2003, Hall-Spencer et al. 2008).”
BackgroundBurdett, H. L., Aloisio, E., Calosi, P., Findlay, H. S., Widdicombe, S., Hatton, A. D., & Kamenos, N. A. (2012) · Marine Biology Research · doi:10.1080/17451000.2012.676189 · Cited by 41
“This makes it difficult to project pH effects from vent studies to the wider ocean under an OA scenario (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Riebesell 2008).”
BackgroundRicevuto, E., Kroeker, K. J., Ferrigno, F., Micheli, F., & Gambi, M. C. (2014) · Marine Biology · doi:10.1007/s00227-014-2555-y · Cited by 43
“…N3) suggest that the high pCO2 and low pH conditions might facilitate polychaetes and other non-calcifying taxonomic groups through their negative effect on other organisms, including calcifying ones (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Cigliano et al. 2010; Fabricius et al. 2011, 2014; Johnson et al. 2012).”
BackgroundInfluentialExplosive volcanism as a cause for mass mortality of pteropods
Wall-Palmer, D., Jones, M. T., Hart, M. B., et al. (2011) · Marine Geology · doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2011.03.001 · Cited by 41
“For example, gastropods (which form aragonitic shells) display partial dissolution of their shells around shallow hydrothermal vents that emit CO2 (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialNeuman, M. J., Tissot, B. N., & VanBlaricom, G. R. (2010) · Journal of Shellfish Research · doi:10.2983/035.029.0305 · Cited by 41
Brown, N., Milazzo, M., Rastrick, S. P. S., Hall-Spencer, J. M., Therriault, T. W., & Harley, C. D. G. (2017) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.13856 · Cited by 44
“, 2015; Porzio, Buia, Hallspencer, & Cristina, 2011) and macroinvertebrate (Cigliano et al., 2010; Donnarumma, Lombardi, Cocito, & Gambi, 2014; Fabricius, De’ath, Noonan, & Uthicke, 2014; Fabricius et al., 2011; Goodwin, Rodolfo-Metalpa, Picton, & Hall-Spencer, 2014; Hall-Spencer et al., 2008) communities.”
Self-citationCarbon and nitrogen allocation strategy in Posidonia oceanica is altered by seawater acidification
Scartazza, A., Moscatello, S., Gavrichkova, O. V., Buia, M. C., Lauteri, M., Battistelli, A., Lorenti, M., Garrard, S. L., Calfapietra, C., & Brugnoli, E. (2017) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.084 · Cited by 45
Self-citationResponse of Posidonia oceanica seagrass and its epibiont communities to ocean acidification
Guilini, K., Weber, M., de Beer, D., Schneider, M., Molari, M., Lott, C., Bodnar, W., Mascart, T., Troch, M. D., & Vanreusel, A. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0181531 · Cited by 41
“[18] indicated that the organisms with aragonite skeletons were absent at mean Oar 2.”
BackgroundInfluentialMarine hydrothermal vents as templates for global change scenarios
Dahms, H.-U., Schizas, N. V., James, R. A., Wang, L., & Hwang, J. (2018) · Hydrobiologia · doi:10.1007/s10750-018-3598-8 · Cited by 41
“…about related biological and ecological effects, as elevated CO2 partial pressure in seawater has direct impacts onmarine calcifying organisms (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Fabry et al., 2008) and calcium carbonatebased systems (Silverman et al., 2009), biodiversity, trophic interactions, and…”
BackgroundFormation and transport of corrosive water in the Pacific Arctic region
Cross, J., Mathis, J. T., Pickart, R. S., & Bates, N. R. (2018) · Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography · doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2018.05.020 · Cited by 42
“…areas, corrosive conditions may be the natural result of regional biogeochemical cycles, and the ecosystem is likely correspondingly adapted (e.g. Hall-Spencer et al., 2008), while in others anthropogenic CO2 pushes the system across key biogeochemical thresholds like the carbonate mineral…”
BackgroundOcean acidification affects microbial community and invertebrate settlement on biofilms
Nelson, K. S., Baltar, F., Lamare, M. D., & Morales, S. E. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-60023-4 · Cited by 42
Toward a decade of ocean science for sustainable development through acoustic animal tracking
Alós, J., Aarestrup, K., Abecasis, D., Afonso, P., Alonso‐Fernández, A., Aspillaga, E., Barcelo‐Serra, M., Bolland, J. D., Cabanellas‐Reboredo, M., Lennox, R. J., et al. (2022) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.16343 · Cited by 45
Diagnóstico da pesquisa em biodiversidade no Brasil
Joly, C. A., Haddad, C. F. B., Verdade, L. M., et al. (2011) · Revista USP · doi:10.11606/issn.2316-9036.v0i89p114-133 · Cited by 41
Burnell, O. W., Russell, B. D., Irving, A. D., & Connell, S. D. (2014) · Oecologia · doi:10.1007/s00442-014-3054-z · Cited by 39
“…under HL are attributable to the dilution of nitrogen from increasing accumulation of nonstructural carbohydrates (Campbell and Fourqurean 2013; Gifford et al. 2000; Peralta et al. 2002; Stitt and Krapp 1999), which was supported by a regression analysis of total seagrass biomass against % N…”
BackgroundSahu, P., & Das, D. (2022) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02860 · Cited by 40
Mazzuca, S., Björk, M., Beer, S., et al. (2013) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2013.00038 · Cited by 40
“Previous work has focused on (a) how to incorporate the comparative gene expression studies with photosynthetic performance, carbon and nitrogen utilization, and environmental adaptation, and (b) how to combine the research related to mechanisms of carbon utilization, light requirements, temperature effects, and natur…”
BackgroundCO2 alters community composition of freshwater phytoplankton: A microcosm experiment
Shi, X., Li, S., Wei, L., Qin, B., & Brookes, J. D. (2017) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.224 · Cited by 39
Thicker Shells Compensate Extensive Dissolution in Brachiopods under Future Ocean Acidification
Cross, E. L., Harper, E. M., & Peck, L. S. (2019) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b00714 · Cited by 38
Figueroa, F. L., Bonomi‐Barufi, J., Celis‐Plá, P. S. M., Nitschke, U., Arenas, F., Connan, S., Abreu, H., Malta, E., Conde-Álvarez, R. M., Chow, F., et al. (2020) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/eraa473 · Cited by 38
Biotic habitats as refugia under ocean acidification
Falkenberg, L. J., Scanes, E., Ducker, J. H., & Ross, P. M. (2021) · Conservation Physiology · doi:10.1093/conphys/coab077 · Cited by 43
“…size, as well as shoot and leaf density will be unaffected by ocean acidification (Palacios and Zimmerman, 2007; Guilini et al., 2017), and a growing body of research highlights the potential for shoot density to be increased (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Collier et al., 2018; Mecca et al., 2020).”
BackgroundRichards, R., Davidson, A. T., Meynecke, J., Beattie, K., Hernaman, V., Lynam, T., & van Putten, I. E. (2014) · Fisheries Research · doi:10.1016/j.fishres.2014.06.013 · Cited by 41
“Broadcast spawners Havenhand et al. (2008), Morita et al.”
Johnson, V. R., Brownlee, C., Milazzo, M., & Hall-Spencer, J. M. (2015) · Journal of Marine Science and Engineering · doi:10.3390/jmse3041425 · Cited by 44
“Some ecologically important groups of grazers (e.g., gastropods and sea urchins) decrease in abundance along CO 2 seep gradients [26] and whilst some micrograzers (e.g., amphipods) tolerate areas enriched with CO 2 , many do not [24,78].”
BackgroundSelf-citationBray, L., PANCUCCI-PAPADOPOULOU, M. A., & Hall-Spencer, J. M. (2014) · Mediterranean Marine Science · doi:10.12681/mms.579 · Cited by 41
“Volcanic seeps show that most calcified organisms, including echinoids, fare badly as pCO2 levels increase (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Fabricius et al., 2011; Johnson et al., 2012; Inoue et al., 2013).”
InfluentialSelf-citationMurray, F., Widdicombe, S., McNeill, C. L., & Solan, M. (2012) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.11.023 · Cited by 40
“) can lead to pronounced biodiversity shifts, most notably the loss of calcifying organisms (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Hendriks et al., 2010).”
BackgroundZiveri, P., Passaro, M., Incarbona, A., Milazzo, M., Rodolfo‐Metalpa, R., & Hall-Spencer, J. M. (2014) · Biological Bulletin · doi:10.1086/bblv226n3p282 · Cited by 40
Self-citationPichler, T., Biscéré, T., Kinch, J., Zampighi, M., Houlbrèque, F., & Rodolfo‐Metalpa, R. (2018) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.11.003 · Cited by 41
Self-citationAllen, G. J. P., Kuan, P.-L., Tseng, Y., Hwang, P., Quijada‐Rodriguez, A. R., & Weihrauch, D. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-68656-1 · Cited by 39
Browne, N. K., Cuttler, M. V. W., Moon, K., Morgan, K. M., Ross, C. L., Castro‐Sanguino, C., Kennedy, E. V., Harris, D. L., Barnes, P., Bauman, A. G., et al. (2021) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781003138846-4 · Cited by 41
Ocean acidification in the Gulf of Mexico: Drivers, impacts, and unknowns
Osborne, E. B., Hu, X., Hall, E. R., Yates, K. K., Vreeland-Dawson, J., Shamberger, K., Barbero, L., Hernández‐Ayón, J. M., Gomez, F. A., Hicks, T. L., et al. (2022) · Progress In Oceanography · doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2022.102882 · Cited by 43
Effects of a submarine eruption on the performance of two brown seaweeds
Betancor, S., Tuya, F., Gil-Díaz, T., Figueroa, F. L., & Haroun, R. J. (2013) · Journal of Sea Research · doi:10.1016/j.seares.2013.09.008 · Cited by 39
Chen, Y.-J., Wu, J. Y., Chen, C. A., et al. (2015) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-12-2631-2015 · Cited by 38
Detecting the Unexpected: A Research Framework for Ocean Acidification
Pfister, C. A., Esbaugh, A. J., Frieder, C. A., Baumann, H., Bockmon, E. E., White, M. M., Carter, B. R., Benway, H. M., Blanchette, C. A., Bell, E. C., et al. (2014) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es501936p · Cited by 39
Hawkins, S. J., Evans, A., Mieszkowska, N., Adams, L. C., Bray, S., Burrows, M. T., Firth, L. B., Genner, M. J., Leung, K., Moore, P. J., et al. (2017) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.01.068 · Cited by 41
Kumar, A., AbdElgawad, H., Castellano, I., Lorenti, M., Delledonne, M., Beemster, G. T. S., Asard, H., Buia, M. C., & Palumbo, A. (2017) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.00570 · Cited by 38
Self-citationElevated trace elements in sediments and seagrasses at CO2 seeps
Mishra, A. K., Santos, R., & Hall-Spencer, J. M. (2019) · Marine Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104810 · Cited by 37
“…for future coastal ecosystems as they can have areas of seabed where entire communities of marine organisms are exposed to the shifts in carbonate chemistry that are expected due to continued anthropogenic CO 2 emissions (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Enochs et al., 2015; Connell et al., 2017).”
BackgroundSelf-citationOcean acidification locks algal communities in a species‐poor early successional stage
Harvey, B. P., Kon, K., Agostini, S., Wada, S., & Hall-Spencer, J. M. (2021) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.15455 · Cited by 38
Self-citationOrdoñez, A., Doropoulos, C., & Díaz-Pulido, G. (2014) · Biological Bulletin · doi:10.1086/bblv226n3p255 · Cited by 42
The distribution, significance and vulnerability of Australian rhodolith beds: a review
Harvey, A. S., Harvey, R., & Merton, E. (2016) · Marine and Freshwater Research · doi:10.1071/mf15434 · Cited by 40
Impact of sub-seabed CO 2 leakage on macrobenthic community structure and diversity
Widdicombe, S., McNeill, C. L., Stahl, H. J., Taylor, P., Queirós, A. M., Nunes, J., & Tait, K. (2015) · International journal of greenhouse gas control · doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2015.01.003 · Cited by 39
Seagrass biofilm communities at a naturally CO 2 ‐rich vent
Hassenrück, C., Hofmann, L. C., Bischof, K., & Ramette, A. (2015) · Environmental Microbiology Reports · doi:10.1111/1758-2229.12282 · Cited by 36
“Unlike laboratory experiments, which are usually restricted to short-term studies, natural sites offer the opportunity to predict OA effects in long-term adapted systems that can be studied in their entirety without the need for experimental manipulation (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Hall-Spencer, J. M., Rodolfo-Metalpa, R., Martin, S., Ransome, E., Fine, M., Turner, S. M., Rowley, S. J., Tedesco, D., & Buia, M.-C.
- Affiliations
- University of Plymouth (GB)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Bar-Ilan University (IL)
- University of East Anglia (GB)
- University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (IT)
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Hall-Spencer, Jason M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2008-06-08
- Volume
- 454
- Issue
- 7200
- Pages
- 96-99
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2122938469
- Cited by
- 1,359
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 77 · 2020: 76 · 2019: 79 · 2018: 90 · 2017: 86 · 2016: 100 · 2015: 100 · 2014: 108 · 2013: 98 · 2012: 110
- FWCI
- 45.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PEARL (University of Plymouth) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (submittedVersion)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Leverhulme Trust
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Keywords
- ocean acidification, volcanic CO2 vents, rocky shore communities, benthic ecosystems, pH gradient, scleractinian corals, sea urchins, coralline algae, seagrass, climate change impacts on marine ecosystems, sea surface temperature
- MeSH terms
- Acids, Animals, Atlantic Ocean, Calcium Carbonate, Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Invertebrates, Italy, Population Density, Seawater, Ecosystem, Volcanic Eruptions, Alismatales, Eukaryota
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