Spin liquids in frustrated magnets
Abstract
Frustrated magnets are materials in which localized magnetic moments, or spins, interact through competing exchange interactions that cannot be simultaneously satisfied, giving rise to a large degeneracy of the system ground state. Under certain conditions, this can lead to the formation of fluid-like states of matter, so-called spin liquids, in which the constituent spins are highly correlated but still fluctuate strongly down to a temperature of absolute zero. The fluctuations of the spins in a spin liquid can be classical or quantum and show remarkable collective phenomena such as emergent gauge fields and fractional particle excitations. This exotic behaviour is now being uncovered in the laboratory, providing insight into the properties of spin liquids and challenges to the theoretical description of these materials.
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The equally weighted superposition of all different localized valence-bond states corresponds to a quantum spin liquid, the resonating valence-bond state.
“In general, the equally weighted superposition of all different localized valence-bond states corresponds to a quantum spin liquid, the so-called resonating valence-bond state[37, 38].”
From Quantum simulation of the wavefunction to probe frustrated Heisenberg spin systems (2011) · cites this paper as [38]
Tuning the coupling ratio to κ = -∞ results in the equally weighted superposition |Φ×> + |Φ||>, whereas κ = 1 leads to the resonating valence-bond state |Φ=> + |Φ||>.
“Tuning the coupling ratio to κ = -∞ results in the equally weighted superposition | Φ × 〉 + ∣ ∣ Φ ‖ 〉 , whereas κ = 1 leads to the interesting resonating valence-bond state[37-39] | Φ = 〉 + ∣ ∣ Φ ‖ 〉 .”
From Quantum simulation of the wavefunction to probe frustrated Heisenberg spin systems (2011) · cites this paper as [38]
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Starykh, O. A. (2015) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/0034-4885/78/5/052502 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Half-integer quantized anomalous thermal Hall effect in the Kitaev material candidate α-RuCl 3
Yokoi, T., Ma, S., Kasahara, Y., Kasahara, S., Shibauchi, T., Kurita, N., Tanaka, H., Nasu, J., Motome, Y., Hickey, C., et al. (2021) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aay5551 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Coulombic Quantum Liquids in Spin- 1 / 2 Pyrochlores
Savary, L., & Balents, L. (2012) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.108.037202 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Balents, L.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Santa Barbara (US)
- Corresponding author
- Balents, Leon
- ORCID
- Balents, Leon
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2010-03-10
- Volume
- 464
- Issue
- 7286
- Pages
- 199-208
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2091393784
- Cited by
- 4,316
- References
- 103
- Citations by year
- 2026: 295 · 2025: 338 · 2024: 380 · 2023: 330 · 2022: 339 · 2021: 321 · 2020: 337 · 2019: 302 · 2018: 275 · 2017: 304 · 2016: 253 · 2015: 213 · 2014: 192 · 2013: 164 · 2012: 133
- FWCI
- 102.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Condensed Matter Physics › Advanced Condensed Matter Physics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Condensed Matter Physics › Theoretical and Computational Physics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Condensed Matter Physics › Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism
- Keywords
- spin liquid, frustrated magnets, competing exchange interactions, ground state degeneracy, spin fluctuations, quantum spin fluctuations, emergent gauge fields, fractionalized excitations, collective phenomena
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