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Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota
Open accessAbstract
Trillions of microbes inhabit the human intestine, forming a complex ecological community that influences normal physiology and susceptibility to disease through its collective metabolic activities and host interactions. Understanding the factors that underlie changes in the composition and function of the gut microbiota will aid in the design of therapies that target it. This goal is formidable. The gut microbiota is immensely diverse, varies between individuals and can fluctuate over time - especially during disease and early development. Viewing the microbiota from an ecological perspective could provide insight into how to promote health by targeting this microbial community in clinical treatments.
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“However, the composition of the remaining gut microbiota is remarkably diverse and dynamic, with both acute and chronic dietary exposures significantly affecting the overall microbial community (8,11).”
From The contributory role of gut microbiota in cardiovascular disease (2014) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“We now know that the human gut harbors more than 100 trillion microbial cells, far outnumbering the human host cells of the body (8).”
From The contributory role of gut microbiota in cardiovascular disease (2014) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“In spite of a consistency in the global composition, the intestinal microbiota seems to be highly variable among individuals at species-level phylotypes; usually Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (F.prausnitzii), Roseburia intestinalis, Bacteroides uniformis, and species of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli are present in most people [6] .”
From Intestinal microbiota in health and disease: Role of bifidobacteria in gut homeostasis (2014) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“Inter-individual variation in the gut microbiota composition and gene content is known to be vast (Lozupone et al., 2012).”
From Six-Week Endurance Exercise Alters Gut Metagenome That Is not Reflected in Systemic Metabolism in Over-weight Women (2018) · cites this paper as Lozupone et al., 2012
In the citing paper
“In both a human-associated microbiota43-45 and macroecological46,47 context, higher phylogenetic diversity is associated with greater ecosystem resilience and productivity.”
From Sequencing ancient calcified dental plaque shows changes in oral microbiota with dietary shifts of the Neolithic and Industrial revolutions (2013) · cites this paper as [45]
In the citing paper
“Host biology and environmental cues are both substantial contributors toward shaping gut-associated bacterial communities.3,56,57”
From Using Corticosteroids to Reshape the Gut Microbiome: Implications for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (2015) · cites this paper as [56]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lozupone, C. A., Stombaugh, J. I., Gordon, J. I., Jansson, J. K., & Knight, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Knight, Rob
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2012-09
- Volume
- 489
- Issue
- 7415
- Pages
- 220-230
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC3577372
- OpenAlex
- W2116846792
- Cited by
- 5,533
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 367 · 2025: 457 · 2024: 504 · 2023: 425 · 2022: 511 · 2021: 515 · 2020: 571 · 2019: 425 · 2018: 459 · 2017: 368 · 2016: 329 · 2015: 217 · 2014: 220 · 2013: 155 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 17.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R37DK030292, K01DK090285)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, microbial diversity, microbial community stability, microbial resilience, host-microbe interactions, microbiota composition, microbiota dynamics, disease susceptibility, early development, microbiota-targeted therapy, ecological perspective
- MeSH terms
- Diet, Environment, Health, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa, Intestines, Biodiversity, Metagenome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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