Development of the Human Infant Intestinal Microbiota
Open accessAbstract
Almost immediately after a human being is born, so too is a new microbial ecosystem, one that resides in that person's gastrointestinal tract. Although it is a universal and integral part of human biology, the temporal progression of this process, the sources of the microbes that make up the ecosystem, how and why it varies from one infant to another, and how the composition of this ecosystem influences human physiology, development, and disease are still poorly understood. As a step toward systematically investigating these questions, we designed a microarray to detect and quantitate the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequences of most currently recognized species and taxonomic groups of bacteria. We used this microarray, along with sequencing of cloned libraries of PCR-amplified SSU rDNA, to profile the microbial communities in an average of 26 stool samples each from 14 healthy, full-term human infants, including a pair of dizygotic twins, beginning with the first stool after birth and continuing at defined intervals throughout the first year of life. To investigate possible origins of the infant microbiota, we also profiled vaginal and milk samples from most of the mothers, and stool samples from all of the mothers, most of the fathers, and two siblings. The composition and temporal patterns of the microbial communities varied widely from baby to baby. Despite considerable temporal variation, the distinct features of each baby's microbial community were recognizable for intervals of weeks to months. The strikingly parallel temporal patterns of the twins suggested that incidental environmental exposures play a major role in determining the distinctive characteristics of the microbial community in each baby. By the end of the first year of life, the idiosyncratic microbial ecosystems in each baby, although still distinct, had converged toward a profile characteristic of the adult gastrointestinal tract.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
As the infant matures, strict anaerobes gradually take over as the dominant taxa, and overall diversity increases to adult-like levels by around 1-3 years of age, coinciding with weaning and a shift to solid food intake.
“As the infant matures, strict anaerobes gradually take over as the dominant taxa, and there is an increase in overall diversity to adult-like levels by around 1-3 years of age, coinciding with weaning and a shift to solid food intake (Koenig et al., 2011;Palmer et al., 2007;Yatsunenko et al., 2012).”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Palmer et al., 2007
The Results (Overview of Microarray-Based Bacterial Population Profiles) say later colonizers tended to be strict anaerobes. The Results (Temporal Trends) report that stool communities at age 1 year and older resembled adult communities and that the transition often followed introduction of solid foods. They do not establish that overall diversity reached adult levels, or document a transition through age 3; the observed timing of shifts was not consistent. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the months to years after birth, gut microbial communities shift in response to life events such as solid food exposure, illnesses, and antibiotics, with gradual diversity increases and convergence to an adult-like microbiota.
“In the subsequent months to years, gut microbial communities continue to shift in response to key life events (e.g., exposure to solid foods, illnesses, antibiotics) with gradual increases in diversity and convergence to an “adult-like” microbiota9–11.”
From The gut Microbiome in adult and pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders (2019) · cites this paper as [10]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Basic local alignment search tool
Altschul, S. F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E. W., & Lipman, D. J. (1990) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1006/jmbi.1990.9999 · Cited by 98,669 · see citing works
Gardes, M., & Bruns, T. (1993) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-294x.1993.tb00005.x · Cited by 10,249 · see citing works
Human gut microbes associated with obesity
Ley, R. E., Turnbaugh, P. J., Klein, S., & Gordon, J. I. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/4441022a · Cited by 8,785 · see citing works
Diversity of the Human Intestinal Microbial Flora
Eckburg, P. B., Bik, E. M., Bernstein, C. N., Purdom, E., Dethlefsen, L., Sargent, M., Gill, S. R., Nelson, K. E., & Relman, D. A. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1110591 · Cited by 7,913 · see citing works
Self-citationThe gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage
Bäckhed, F., Ding, H., Wang, T., Hooper, L. V., Koh, G. Y., Nagy, A., Semenkovich, C. F., & Gordon, J. I. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0407076101 · Cited by 6,245 · see citing works
Obesity alters gut microbial ecology
Ley, R. E., Bäckhed, F., Turnbaugh, P., Lozupone, C. A., Knight, R. D., & Gordon, J. I. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0504978102 · Cited by 6,176 · see citing works
Amann, R., Binder, B. J., Olson, R. J., Chisholm, S. W., Devereux, R., & Stahl, D. A. (1990) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.56.6.1919-1925.1990 · Cited by 3,998 · see citing works
Helicobacter pylori Infection and the Risk of Gastric Carcinoma
Parsonnet, J., FRIEDMAN, G. D., Vandersteen, D. P., Chang, Y., Vogelman∥, J. H., Orentreich∥, N., & Sibley, R. K. (1991) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199110173251603 · Cited by 3,893 · see citing works
Rapid determination of 16S ribosomal RNA sequences for phylogenetic analyses.
Lane, D. J., Pace, B., Olsen, G. J., Stahl, D. A., Sogin, M. L., & Pace, N. R. (1985) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.82.20.6955 · Cited by 3,057 · see citing works
Archaea in coastal marine environments.
DeLong, E. F. (1992) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.89.12.5685 · Cited by 2,729 · see citing works
Edwards, U., Rogall, T., Blöcker, H., Emde, M., & Böttger, E. C. (1989) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/17.19.7843 · Cited by 2,726 · see citing works
Factors influencing the composition of the intestinal microbiota in early infancy
Penders, J., Thijs, C., Vink, C., Stelma, F. F., Snijders, B., Kummeling, I., van den Brandt, P. A., & Stobberingh, E. E. (2006) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2005-2824 · Cited by 2,232 · see citing works
Review and re-analysis of domain-specific 16S primers
Baker, G. C., Smith, J. J., & Cowan, D. A. (2003) · Journal of Microbiological Methods · doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2003.08.009 · Cited by 1,867 · see citing works
H OW H OST -M ICROBIAL I NTERACTIONS S HAPE THE N UTRIENT E NVIRONMENT OF THE M AMMALIAN I NTESTINE
Hooper, L. V., Midtvedt, T., & Gordon, J. I. (2002) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.22.011602.092259 · Cited by 1,623 · see citing works
Cole, J. R. (2003) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkg039 · Cited by 1,432 · see citing works
Zoetendal, E. G., Akkermans, A. D. L., & de Vos, W. M. (1998) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.64.10.3854-3859.1998 · Cited by 1,360 · see citing works
Developmental microbial ecology of the neonatal gastrointestinal tract
Mackie, R. I., Sghir, A., & Gaskins, H. R. (1999) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/69.5.1035s · Cited by 1,360 · see citing works
Harmsen, H. J. M., Wildeboer-Veloo, A. C. M., Raangs, G. C., Wagendorp, A. A., Klijn, N., BINDELS, J. G., & Welling, G. W. (2000) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/00005176-200001000-00019 · Cited by 1,326 · see citing works
Ott, S. J., Musfeldt, M., Wenderoth, D. F., Hampe, J., Brant, O., Fölsch, U. R., Timmis, K. N., & Schreiber, S. (2004) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.2003.025403 · Cited by 1,311 · see citing works
Phylogenetic Stains: Ribosomal RNA-Based Probes for the Identification of Single Cells
DeLong, E. F., Wickham, G. S., & Pace, N. R. (1989) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2466341 · Cited by 1,239 · see citing works
Molecular analysis of the bacterial microbiota in the human stomach
Bik, E. M., Eckburg, P. B., Gill, S. R., Nelson, K. E., Purdom, E. A., François, F., Perez-Perez, G., Blaser, M. J., & Relman, D. A. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0506655103 · Cited by 1,160 · see citing works
Self-citationDevelopmental regulation of intestinal angiogenesis by indigenous microbes via Paneth cells
Stappenbeck, T. S., Hooper, L. V., & Gordon, J. I. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.202604299 · Cited by 1,095 · see citing works
Immunity, Inflammation, and Allergy in the Gut
MacDonald, T. T., & Monteleone, G. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1106442 · Cited by 1,035 · see citing works
An African origin for the intimate association between humans and Helicobacter pylori
Linz, B., Balloux, F., Moodley, Y., Manica, A., Liu, H., Roumagnac, P., Falush, D., Stamer, C., Prugnolle, F., der Merwe, V., et al. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05562 · Cited by 977 · see citing works
Langendijk-Genevaux, P. S., Schut, F., Jansen, G. J., Raangs, G. C., Kamphuis, G. R., Wilkinson, M. H. F., & Welling, G. W. (1995) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.61.8.3069-3075.1995 · Cited by 974 · see citing works
Molecular Monitoring of Succession of Bacterial Communities in Human Neonates
Favier, C. F., Vaughan, E. E., de Vos, W. M., & Akkermans, A. D. L. (2002) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.68.1.219-226.2002 · Cited by 859 · see citing works
Belenguer, A., Duncan, S. H., Calder, A. G., Holtrop, G., Louis, P., Lobley, G. E., & Flint, H. J. (2006) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.72.5.3593-3599.2006 · Cited by 856 · see citing works
Alterations of the dominant faecal bacterial groups in patients with Crohn's disease of the colon
Seksik, P., Rigottier‐Gois, L., Gramet, G., BRIEND‐SUTREN, M., Pochart, P., Marteau, P. R., Jian, R., & Dore, J. M. (2003) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.52.2.237 · Cited by 746 · see citing works
Intestinal microflora in early infancy: composition and development
Fanaro, S., Chierici, R., Guerrini, P., & Vigi, V. (2003) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2003.tb00646.x · Cited by 738 · see citing works
A humanized gnotobiotic mouse model of host-archaeal-bacterial mutualism
Samuel, B. S., & Gordon, J. I. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0602187103 · Cited by 674 · see citing works
PCR Primers That Amplify Fungal rRNA Genes from Environmental Samples
Borneman, J., & Hartin, R. J. (2000) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.66.10.4356-4360.2000 · Cited by 655 · see citing works
Stark, P. L., & Lee, A. (1982) · Journal of Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1099/00222615-15-2-189 · Cited by 616 · see citing works
Divergence and Redundancy of 16S rRNA Sequences in Genomes with Multiple rrn Operons
Acinas, S. G., Marcelino, L. A., Klepac‐Ceraj, V., & Polz, M. F. (2004) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.186.9.2629-2635.2004 · Cited by 604 · see citing works
Yoshioka, H., Iseki, K.-I., & Fujita, K. (1983) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.72.3.317 · Cited by 516 · see citing works
Immunoproliferative Small Intestinal Disease Associated with Campylobacter jejuni
Lecuit, M., Abachin, É., Martin, A., Poyart, C., Pochart, P., Suárez, F., Bengoufa, D., Feuillard, J., Lavergne‐Slove, A., Gordon, J. I., et al. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa031887 · Cited by 461 · see citing works
Benno, Y., Sawada, K., & MITSUOKA, T. (1984) · Microbiology and Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.1984.tb00754.x · Cited by 432 · see citing works
probeBase: an online resource for rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes
Loy, A. (2003) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkg016 · Cited by 430 · see citing works
Genomic and Metabolic Studies of the Impact of Probiotics on a Model Gut Symbiont and Host
Sonnenburg, J. L., Chen, C. T. L., & Gordon, J. I. (2006) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040413 · Cited by 423 · see citing works
Methanogenic Archaea and human periodontal disease
Lepp, P. W., Brinig, M. M., Ouverney, C., Palm, K., Armitage, G. C., & Relman, D. A. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0308766101 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Self-citationPenders, J., Vink, C., Driessen, C., London, N. H. H. J., Thijs, C. T., & Stobberingh, E. E. (2004) · FEMS Microbiology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.femsle.2004.11.052 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
Faruque, S. M., Naser, I. B., Islam, M. J., et al. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0408992102 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Schwiertz, A., Gruhl, B., Löbnitz, M., Michel, P., Radke, M. H., & Blaut, M. (2003) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1203/01.pdr.0000078274.74607.7a · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Dedysh, S. N., Панкратов, Т. А., Belova, S. E., et al. (2006) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.72.3.2110-2117.2006 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Diet and faecal flora in the newborn: breast milk and infant formula
Balmer, S. E., & Wharton, B. A. (1989) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.64.12.1672 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Effects of Atmospheric Ozone on Microarray Data Quality
Fare, T. L., Coffey, E. M., Dai, H. A., He, Y. D., Kessler, D. A., Kilian, K. A., Koch, J. E., LeProust, E. M., Marton, M. J., Meyer, M. R., et al. (2003) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac034241b · Cited by 229 · see citing works
de la Cochetière, M.-F., Piloquet, H., Robert, C. D., Darmaun, D., Galmiche, J., & Rozé, J. (2004) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1203/01.pdr.0000134251.45878.d5 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Factors controlling the bacterial colonization of the intestine in breastfed infants
Orrhage, K., & Nord, C. E. (1999) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1999.tb01300.x · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Brinig, M. M., Lepp, P. W., Ouverney, C., Armitage, G. C., & Relman, D. A. (2003) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.69.3.1687-1694.2003 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Self-citationSakata, H., Yoshioka, H., & Fujita, K. (1985) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/bf00451911 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
LUNDEQUIST, B., Nord, C. E., & Winberg, J. (1985) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10919.x · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Rapid quantitative profiling of complex microbial populations
Palmer, C. (2006) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gnj007 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Self-citationFactors influencing the presence of faecal lactobacilli in early infancy.
Hall, M. A., Cole, C. B., Smith, S. L., Fuller, R., & Cj, R. (1990) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.65.2.185 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Hopkins, M. J., Macfarlane, G. T., Furrie, E., Fite, A., & Macfarlane, S. (2005) · FEMS Microbiology Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.femsec.2005.03.001 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Millar, M. R., Linton, C. J., Cade, A., Glancy, D., Hall, M., & Jalal, H. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.34.10.2506-2510.1996 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Bennel, R., & Nord, C. E. (1987) · Infection · doi:10.1007/bf01647733 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Schmitt‐Wagner, D., Friedrich, M. W., Wagner, B., et al. (2003) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.69.10.6007-6017.2003 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
H�llstr�m, M., Eerola, E., Vuento, R., Janas, M., & Tammela, O. K. T. (2004) · European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1007/s10096-004-1146-0 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
DeSantis, T. Z., Dubosarskiy, I., Murray, S. R., et al. (2003) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btg200 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Bacterial colonization of the large intestine in newborns delivered by Cesarean section
Neut, C., Bezirtzoglou, E., Romond, C., Beerens, H., Delcroix, M., & Noel, A. M. (1987) · Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie Mikrobiologie und Hygiene Series A Medical Microbiology Infectious Diseases Virology Parasitology · doi:10.1016/s0176-6724(87)80213-4 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Neonatal inflammatory intestinal diseases: necrotising enterocolitis and allergic colitis
Fell, J. M. E. (2004) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2004.10.001 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Bacterial Regulation of Intestinal Immune Responses
MacDonald, T. T., & Gordon, J. N. (2005) · Gastroenterology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2005.05.012 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Caufield, P. W., Saxena, D. B., Fitch, D. H. A., et al. (2007) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.01183-06 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Xu J Gordon JI 2003 Inaugural article: Honor thy symbionts Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100 10452 10459 12923294 10.1073/pnas.1734063100 PMC193582 · DOI
- Mandar R Mikelsaar M 1996 Transmission of mother's microflora to the newborn at birth Biol Neonate 69 30 35 8777246 10.1159/000244275 · DOI
- Salzman NH de Jong H Paterson Y Harmsen HJ Welling GW 2002 Analysis of 16S libraries of mouse gastrointestinal microflora reveals a large new group of mouse intestinal bacteria Microbiology 148 3651 3660 12427955 10.1099/00221287-148-11-3651 · DOI
- White TJ Burns T Lee S Taylor J 1990 Amplification and sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics Innis MA Gelfand DH Sninsky JJ White TJ PCR protocols A guide to methods and applications San Diego (California) Academic Press 315 322
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing
MetaHIT Consortium, Qin, J., Li, R., Raes, J., Arumugam, M., Burgdorf, K. S., Manichanh, C., Nielsen, T., Pons, N., Levenez, F., et al. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08821 · Cited by 11,624 · see citing works
Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography
Yatsunenko, T., Rey, F. E., Manary, M. J., Trehan, I., Dominguez-Bello, M. G., Contreras, M., Magris, M., Hidalgo, G., Baldassano, R. N., Anokhin, A. P., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11053 · Cited by 7,815 · see citing works
A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins
Turnbaugh, P. J., Hamady, M., Yatsunenko, T., Cantarel, B. L., Duncan, A., Ley, R. E., Sogin, M. L., Jones, W. J., Roe, B. A., Affourtit, J. P., et al. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07540 · Cited by 7,823 · see citing works
Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome
MetaHIT Consortium (additional members), Arumugam, M., Raes, J., Pelletier, E., Le Paslier, D., Yamada, T., Mende, D. R., Fernandes, G. R., Tap, J., Bruls, T., et al. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09944 · Cited by 7,548 · see citing works
Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota
Lozupone, C. A., Stombaugh, J. I., Gordon, J. I., Jansson, J. K., & Knight, R. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11550 · Cited by 5,533 · see citing works
Cryan, J. F., O'Riordan, K. J., Cowan, C. S. M., Sandhu, K. V., Bastiaanssen, T. F. S., Boehme, M., Codagnone, M. G., Cussotto, S., Fulling, C., Golubeva, A. V., et al. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00018.2018 · Cited by 5,286 · see citing works
The gut microbiota shapes intestinal immune responses during health and disease
Round, J. L., & Mazmanian, S. K. (2009) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2515 · Cited by 5,029 · see citing works
Mind-altering microorganisms: the impact of the gut microbiota on brain and behaviour
Cryan, J. F., & Dinan, T. G. (2012) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3346 · Cited by 4,572 · see citing works
Gut microbiota in health and disease
Sekirov, I., Russell, S. L., Antunes, L. C. M., & Finlay, B. B. (2010) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00045.2009 · Cited by 4,182 · see citing works
The impact of the gut microbiota on human health: an integrative view
Clemente, J. C., Ursell, L. K., Parfrey, L. W., & Knight, R. (2012) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.01.035 · Cited by 3,710 · see citing works
Introduction to the human gut microbiota
Thursby, E., & Juge, N. (2017) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bcj20160510 · Cited by 3,600 · see citing works
Dynamics and Stabilization of the Human Gut Microbiome during the First Year of Life
Bäckhed, F., Roswall, J., Peng, Y., Feng, Q., Jia, H., Kovatcheva-Datchary, P., Li, Y., Xia, Y., Xie, H., Zhong, H., et al. (2015) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2015.04.004 · Cited by 3,315 · see citing works
The Effect of Diet on the Human Gut Microbiome: A Metagenomic Analysis in Humanized Gnotobiotic Mice
Turnbaugh, P. J., Ridaura, V. K., Faith, J. J., Rey, F. E., Knight, R., & Gordon, J. I. (2009) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3000322 · Cited by 3,058 · see citing works
Grice, E. A., & Segre, J. A. (2011) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro2537 · Cited by 3,143 · see citing works
Succession of microbial consortia in the developing infant gut microbiome
Koenig, J. E., Spor, A., Scalfone, N., Fricker, A. D., Stombaugh, J., Knight, R., Angenent, L. T., & Ley, R. E. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1000081107 · Cited by 2,540 · see citing works
The Placenta Harbors a Unique Microbiome
Aagaard, K., Ma, J., Antony, K. M., Ganu, R., Petrosino, J., & Versalovic, J. (2014) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3008599 · Cited by 2,494 · see citing works
Host Remodeling of the Gut Microbiome and Metabolic Changes during Pregnancy
Koren, O., Goodrich, J. K., Cullender, T. C., Spor, A., Laitinen, K., Kling Bäckhed, H., Gonzalez, A., Werner, J. J., Angenent, L. T., Knight, R., et al. (2012) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.07.008 · Cited by 2,165 · see citing works
How colonization by microbiota in early life shapes the immune system
Gensollen, T., Iyer, S. S., Kasper, D. L., & Blumberg, R. S. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aad9378 · Cited by 2,044 · see citing works
Milani, C., Duranti, S., Bottacini, F., Casey, E., Turroni, F., Mahony, J., Belzer, C., Delgado Palacio, S., Arboleya Montes, S., Mancabelli, L., et al. (2017) · Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.00036-17 · Cited by 1,950 · see citing works
You are what you eat: Diet, health and the gut microbiota
Zmora, N., Suez, J., & Elinav, E. (2019) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-018-0061-2 · Cited by 1,792 · see citing works
The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio of the human microbiota changes with age
Mariat, D., Firmesse, O., Levenez, F., Guimarăes, V., Sokol, H., Doré, J., Corthier, G., & Furet, J.-P. (2009) · BMC Microbiology · doi:10.1186/1471-2180-9-123 · Cited by 1,755 · see citing works
Composition, variability, and temporal stability of the intestinal microbiota of the elderly
Claesson, M. J., Cusack, S., O'Sullivan, O., Greene-Diniz, R., de Weerd, H., Flannery, E., Marchesi, J. R., Falush, D., Dinan, T., Fitzgerald, G., et al. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1000097107 · Cited by 1,754 · see citing works
An ecological and evolutionary perspective on human–microbe mutualism and disease
Dethlefsen, L., McFall-Ngai, M., & Relman, D. A. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06245 · Cited by 1,660 · see citing works
Self-citationReciprocal interactions of the intestinal microbiota and immune system
Maynard, C. L., Elson, C. O., Hatton, R. D., & Weaver, C. T. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11551 · Cited by 1,598 · see citing works
Unravelling the effects of the environment and host genotype on the gut microbiome
Spor, A., Koren, O., & Ley, R. (2011) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro2540 · Cited by 1,509 · see citing works
Antibiotics, birth mode, and diet shape microbiome maturation during early life
Bokulich, N. A., Chung, J., Battaglia, T., Henderson, N., Jay, M., Li, H., D. Lieber, A., Wu, F., Perez-Perez, G. I., Chen, Y., et al. (2016) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aad7121 · Cited by 1,469 · see citing works
The Application of Ecological Theory Toward an Understanding of the Human Microbiome
Costello, E. K., Stagaman, K., Dethlefsen, L., Bohannan, B. J. M., & Relman, D. A. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1224203 · Cited by 1,437 · see citing works
Self-citationOdamaki, T., Kato, K., Sugahara, H., Hashikura, N., Takahashi, S., Xiao, J.-Z., Abe, F., & Osawa, R. (2016) · BMC Microbiology · doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0708-5 · Cited by 1,521 · see citing works
How glycan metabolism shapes the human gut microbiota
Koropatkin, N. M., Cameron, E. A., & Martens, E. C. (2012) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro2746 · Cited by 1,419 · see citing works
The role of gut microbiota in immune homeostasis and autoimmunity
Wu, H.-J., & Wu, E. (2012) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.4161/gmic.19320 · Cited by 1,426 · see citing works
Benson, A. K., Kelly, S. A., Legge, R., Ma, F., Low, S. J., Kim, J., Zhang, M., Oh, P. L., Nehrenberg, D., Hua, K., et al. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1007028107 · Cited by 1,314 · see citing works
Ursell, L. K., Metcalf, J. L., Parfrey, L. W., & Knight, R. (2012) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00493.x · Cited by 1,255 · see citing works
Paneth cells, antimicrobial peptides and maintenance of intestinal homeostasis
Bevins, C. L., & Salzman, N. H. (2011) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro2546 · Cited by 1,238 · see citing works
Gut immune maturation depends on colonization with a host-specific microbiota
Chung, H., Pamp, S. J., Hill, J. A., Surana, N. K., Edelman, S. M., Troy, E. B., Reading, N. C., Villablanca, E. J., Wang, S., Mora, J. R., et al. (2012) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.04.037 · Cited by 1,241 · see citing works
Self-citationThe first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota
Rajilić-Stojanović, M., & de Vos, W. M. (2014) · FEMS Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1111/1574-6976.12075 · Cited by 1,182 · see citing works
The microbiome in early life: Implications for health outcomes
Tamburini, S., Shen, N., Wu, H. C., & Clemente, J. C. (2016) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.4142 · Cited by 1,213 · see citing works
Moving pictures of the human microbiome
Caporaso, J. G., Lauber, C. L., Costello, E. K., Berg-Lyons, D., Gonzalez, A., Stombaugh, J., Knights, D., Gajer, P., Ravel, J., Fierer, N., et al. (2011) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2011-12-5-r50 · Cited by 1,138 · see citing works
Epithelial-cell recognition of commensal bacteria and maintenance of immune homeostasis in the gut
Artis, D. (2008) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2316 · Cited by 1,136 · see citing works
Microbiota and neurodevelopmental windows: implications for brain disorders
Borre, Y. E., O’Keeffe, G. W., Clarke, G., Stanton, C., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2014) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2014.05.002 · Cited by 1,089 · see citing works
Impacts of gut bacteria on human health and diseases
Zhang, Y.-J., Li, S., Gan, R.-Y., Zhou, T., Xu, D.-P., & Li, H.-B. (2015) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms16047493 · Cited by 1,055 · see citing works
The resilience of the intestinal microbiota influences health and disease
Sommer, F., Anderson, J. M., Bharti, R., Raes, J., & Rosenstiel, P. (2017) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2017.58 · Cited by 1,058 · see citing works
Jakobsson, H. E., Abrahamsson, T. R., Jenmalm, M. C., Harris, K., Quince, C., Jernberg, C., Björkstén, B., Engstrand, L., & Andersson, A. F. (2014) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2012-303249 · Cited by 1,011 · see citing works
Environmental triggers in IBD: a review of progress and evidence
Ananthakrishnan, A. N., Bernstein, C. N., Iliopoulos, D., Macpherson, A., Neurath, M. F., Ali, R. A. R., Vavricka, S. R., & Fiocchi, C. (2018) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2017.136 · Cited by 948 · see citing works
Exploring the bovine rumen bacterial community from birth to adulthood
Jami, E., Israel, A., Kotser, A., & Mizrahi, I. (2013) · The ISME Journal · doi:10.1038/ismej.2013.2 · Cited by 963 · see citing works
Brain-gut-microbe communication in health and disease
Grenham, S., Clarke, G., Cryan, J. F., & Dinan, T. G. (2011) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2011.00094 · Cited by 952 · see citing works
Dynamics and associations of microbial community types across the human body
Ding, T., & Schloss, P. D. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13178 · Cited by 885 · see citing works
Intestinal microbiota in functional bowel disorders: a Rome foundation report
Simrén, M., Barbara, G., Flint, H. J., Spiegel, B. M. R., Spiller, R. C., Vanner, S., Verdu, E. F., Whorwell, P. J., & Zoetendal, E. G. (2013) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302167 · Cited by 939 · see citing works
Correlation between intraluminal oxygen gradient and radial partitioning of intestinal microbiota
Albenberg, L., Esipova, T. V., Judge, C. P., Bittinger, K., Chen, J., Laughlin, A., Grunberg, S., Baldassano, R. N., Lewis, J. D., Li, H., et al. (2014) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2014.07.020 · Cited by 886 · see citing works
Effects of gut microbes on nutrient absorption and energy regulation
Krajmalnik‐Brown, R., Ilhan, Z., Kang, D., & DiBaise, J. K. (2012) · Nutrition in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1177/0884533611436116 · Cited by 852 · see citing works
Bäckhed, F., Fraser, C. M., Ringel, Y., Sanders, M. E., Sartor, R. B., Sherman, P. M., Versalovic, J., Young, V., & Finlay, B. B. (2012) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2012.10.012 · Cited by 836 · see citing works
Microbiota and Host Nutrition across Plant and Animal Kingdoms
Hacquard, S., Garrido-Oter, R., González, A., Spaepen, S., Ackermann, G., Lebeis, S., McHardy, A. C., Dangl, J. L., Knight, R., Ley, R., et al. (2015) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2015.04.009 · Cited by 779 · see citing works
Safety assessment of probiotics for human use
Sanders, M. E., Akkermans, L. M. A., Haller, D., Hammerman, C., Heimbach, J. T., Hörmannsperger, G., & Huys, G. (2010) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.4161/gmic.1.3.12127 · Cited by 816 · see citing works
The role of microbiome in central nervous system disorders
Wang, Y., & Kasper, L. H. (2014) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2013.12.015 · Cited by 803 · see citing works
Bisgaard, H., Li, N., Bonnelykke, K., Chawes, B. L. K., Skov, T., Paludan-Müller, G., Stokholm, J., Smith, B., & Krogfelt, K. A. (2011) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2011.04.060 · Cited by 786 · see citing works
The human microbiome: Our second genome
Grice, E. A., & Segre, J. A. (2012) · Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev-genom-090711-163814 · Cited by 759 · see citing works
Dietary metabolism, the gut microbiome, and heart failure
Tang, W. H. W., Li, D. Y., & Hazen, S. L. (2019) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-018-0108-7 · Cited by 789 · see citing works
The human gut microbiome: ecology and recent evolutionary changes
Walter, J., & Ley, R. (2011) · Annual Review of Microbiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-micro-090110-102830 · Cited by 720 · see citing works
Intestinal microbiota in human health and disease: the impact of probiotics
Gerritsen, J., Smidt, H., Rijkers, G. T., & de Vos, W. M. (2011) · Genes & Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s12263-011-0229-7 · Cited by 724 · see citing works
Kynurenine pathway metabolism and the microbiota-gut-brain axis
Kennedy, P. J., Cryan, J. F., Dinan, T. G., & Clarke, G. (2017) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.07.002 · Cited by 724 · see citing works
Interactions of commensal and pathogenic microorganisms with the intestinal mucosal barrier
Martens, E. C., Neumann, M., & Desai, M. S. (2018) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41579-018-0036-x · Cited by 711 · see citing works
Human milk glycobiome and its impact on the infant gastrointestinal microbiota
Zivkovic, A. M., German, J. B., Lebrilla, C. B., & Mills, D. A. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1000083107 · Cited by 679 · see citing works
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and the microbiome-searching the crime scene for clues
Lee, M., & Chang, E. B. (2021) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2020.09.056 · Cited by 645 · see citing works
Gut microbiome and aging: physiological and mechanistic insights
Nagpal, R., Mainali, R., Ahmadi, S., Wang, S., Singh, R., Kavanagh, K., Kitzman, D. W., Kushugulova, A., Marotta, F., & Yadav, H. (2018) · Nutrition and Healthy Aging · doi:10.3233/nha-170030 · Cited by 670 · see citing works
Our gut microbiome: The evolving inner self
Kundu, P., Blacher, E., Elinav, E., & Pettersson, S. (2017) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.11.024 · Cited by 633 · see citing works
Exercise Modifies the Gut Microbiota with Positive Health Effects
Monda, V., Villano, I., Messina, A., Valenzano, A., Esposito, T., Moscatelli, F., Viggiano, A., Cibelli, G., Chieffi, S., Monda, M., et al. (2017) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2017/3831972 · Cited by 654 · see citing works
Bacterial diversity in the oral cavity of 10 healthy individuals
Bik, E. M., Long, C. D., Armitage, G. C., Loomer, P., Emerson, J., Mongodin, E. F., Nelson, K. E., Gill, S. R., Fraser-Liggett, C. M., & Relman, D. A. (2010) · The ISME Journal · doi:10.1038/ismej.2010.30 · Cited by 651 · see citing works
Self-citationDiversity of Bifidobacteria within the Infant Gut Microbiota
Turroni, F., Peano, C., Pass, D. A., Foroni, E., Severgnini, M., Claesson, M. J., Kerr, C., Hourihane, J., Murray, D., Fuligni, F., et al. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036957 · Cited by 647 · see citing works
Khoruts, A., Dicksved, J., Jansson, J. K., & Sadowsky, M. J. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mcg.0b013e3181c87e02 · Cited by 649 · see citing works
The role of the microbiome in cancer development and therapy
Bhatt, A. P., Redinbo, M. R., & Bultman, S. J. (2017) · CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/caac.21398 · Cited by 653 · see citing works
Development of the gut microbiota in infancy and its impact on health in later life
Tanaka, M., & Nakayama, J. (2017) · Allergology International · doi:10.1016/j.alit.2017.07.010 · Cited by 639 · see citing works
Intestinal Microbial Diversity during Early-Life Colonization Shapes Long-Term IgE Levels
Cahenzli, J., Köller, Y., Wyss, M., Geuking, M. B., & McCoy, K. D. (2013) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2013.10.004 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
Fate, activity, and impact of ingested bacteria within the human gut microbiota
Derrien, M., & van Hylckama Vlieg, J. E. T. (2015) · Trends in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.tim.2015.03.002 · Cited by 605 · see citing works
Deshmukh, H. S., Liu, Y., Menkiti, O. R., Mei, J., Dai, N., O'Leary, C. E., Oliver, P. M., Kolls, J. K., Weiser, J. N., & Worthen, G. S. (2014) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3542 · Cited by 579 · see citing works
Petra, A. I., Panagiotidou, S., Hatziagelaki, E., Stewart, J. M., Conti, P., & Theoharides, T. C. (2015) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2015.04.002 · Cited by 592 · see citing works
Bacteroides in the infant gut consume milk oligosaccharides via mucus-utilization pathways
Marcobal, A., Barboza, M., Sonnenburg, E. D., Pudlo, N., Martens, E. C., Desai, P., Lebrilla, C. B., Weimer, B. C., Mills, D. A., German, J. B., et al. (2011) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2011.10.007 · Cited by 574 · see citing works
Metabolism of Cholesterol and Bile Acids by the Gut Microbiota
Gérard, P. (2013) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens3010014 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
“environment, the host genotype, and transition to an adult diet [1].”
BackgroundEvolution of gut microbiota composition from birth to 24 weeks in the INFANTMET Cohort
Hill, C. J., Lynch, D. B., Murphy, K., Ulaszewska, M., Jeffery, I. B., O’Shea, C. A., Watkins, C., Dempsey, E., Mattivi, F., Tuohy, K., et al. (2017) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-016-0213-y · Cited by 573 · see citing works
Biesbroek, G., Tsivtsivadze, E., Sanders, E. A. M., Montijn, R., Veenhoven, R. H., Keijser, B. J. F., & Bogaert, D. (2014) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201407-1240oc · Cited by 572 · see citing works
Collective unconscious: How gut microbes shape human behavior
Dinan, T. G., Stilling, R. M., Stanton, C., & Cryan, J. F. (2015) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.02.021 · Cited by 571 · see citing works
The Gut–Brain Axis and the Microbiome: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications
Osadchiy, V., Martin, C. R., & Mayer, E. A. (2019) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2018.10.002 · Cited by 555 · see citing works
Gut microbiota, obesity and diabetes
Patterson, E., Ryan, P. M., Cryan, J. F., Dinan, T. G., Ross, R. P., Fitzgerald, G. F., & Stanton, C. (2016) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133285 · Cited by 552 · see citing works
Modulation of intestinal barrier by intestinal microbiota: Pathological and therapeutic implications
Natividad, J. M. M., & Verdu, E. F. (2013) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2012.10.007 · Cited by 525 · see citing works
Immune mediators in the brain and peripheral tissues in autism spectrum disorder
Estes, M. L., & McAllister, A. K. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3978 · Cited by 514 · see citing works
Bergström, A., Skov, T. H., Bahl, M. I., Roager, H. M., Christensen, L. B., Ejlerskov, K. T., Mølgaard, C., Michaelsen, K. F., & Licht, T. R. (2014) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.00342-14 · Cited by 532 · see citing works
Diversity of the human skin microbiome early in life
Capone, K. A., Dowd, S. E., Stamatas, G. N., & Nikolovski, J. (2011) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2011.168 · Cited by 532 · see citing works
The microbiome: a key regulator of stress and neuroinflammation
Rea, K., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2016) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2016.03.001 · Cited by 508 · see citing works
Metagenomic approaches for defining the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases
Peterson, D. A., Frank, D. N., Pace, N. R., & Gordon, J. I. (2008) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2008.05.001 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
Microbiome–microglia connections via the gut–brain axis
Abdel-Haq, R., Schlachetzki, J. C. M., Glass, C. K., & Mazmanian, S. K. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20180794 · Cited by 471 · see citing works
“In the first few years of life, the gut microbiota is relatively less diverse and less stable compared with that of adults, with an abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria (Palmer et al., 2007; Rodríguez et al., 2015).”
BackgroundRajilić‐Stojanović, M., Heilig, H. G. H. J., Molenaar, D., Kajander, K., Surakka, A., Smidt, H., & De Vos, W. M. (2009) · Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.01900.x · Cited by 484 · see citing works
Intestinal microbiota, diet and health
Power, S. E., O'Toole, P. W., Stanton, C., Ross, R. P., & Fitzgerald, G. F. (2014) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114513002560 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
Nursing our microbiota: molecular linkages between bifidobacteria and milk oligosaccharides
Sela, D. A., & Mills, D. A. (2010) · Trends in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.tim.2010.03.008 · Cited by 468 · see citing works
Asnicar, F., Manara, S., Zolfo, M., Truong, D. T., Scholz, M., Armanini, F., Ferretti, P., Gorfer, V., Pedrotti, A., Tett, A., et al. (2017) · mSystems · doi:10.1128/msystems.00164-16 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Maternal prenatal stress is associated with the infant intestinal microbiota
Zijlmans, M. A. C., Korpela, K., Riksen-Walraven, J. M., de Vos, W. M., & de Weerth, C. (2015) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.01.006 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
Molecular characterization of mucosal adherent bacteria and associations with colorectal adenomas
Shen, X. J., Rawls, J. F., Randall, T. A., Burcall, L., Mpande, C., Jenkins, N., Jovov, B., Abdo, Z., Sandler, R. S., & Keku, T. O. (2010) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.4161/gmic.1.3.12360 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Archaea and the Human Gut: New Beginning of an Old Story
Gaci, N., Borrel, G., Tottey, W., O’Toole, P. W., & Brugère, J.-F. (2014) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i43.16062 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis: champion colonizer of the infant gut
Underwood, M. A., German, J. B., Lebrilla, C. B., & Mills, D. A. (2015) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/pr.2014.156 · Cited by 439 · see citing works
Development of the human gastrointestinal microbiota and insights from high-throughput sequencing
Dominguez-Bello, M. G., Blaser, M. J., Ley, R. E., & Knight, R. (2011) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2011.02.011 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Meta-analyses of studies of the human microbiota
Lozupone, C. A., Stombaugh, J., Gonzalez, A., Ackermann, G., Wendel, D., Vázquez-Baeza, Y., Jansson, J. K., Gordon, J. I., & Knight, R. (2013) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.151803.112 · Cited by 424 · see citing works
Structure and function of the healthy pre-adolescent pediatric gut microbiome
Hollister, E. B., Riehle, K., Luna, R. A., Weidler, E. M., Rubio-Gonzales, M., Mistretta, T.-A., Raza, S., Doddapaneni, H. V., Metcalf, G. A., Muzny, D. M., et al. (2015) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-015-0101-x · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Forsythe, P., Sudo, N., Dinan, T., Taylor, V. H., & Bienenstock, J. (2010) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2009.05.058 · Cited by 429 · see citing works
- Authors
- Palmer, C., Bik, E. M., DiGiulio, D. B., Relman, D. A., & Brown, P. O.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System (US)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Brown, Patrick O
- Venue
- PLoS Biology
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2007-06-26
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- e177
- ISSN
- 1544-9173 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-7885
- PMC
- PMC1896187
- OpenAlex
- W2052969143
- Cited by
- 2,877
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 47 · 2025: 82 · 2024: 112 · 2023: 120 · 2022: 160 · 2021: 160 · 2020: 170 · 2019: 172 · 2018: 169 · 2017: 185 · 2016: 215 · 2015: 197 · 2014: 216 · 2013: 222 · 2012: 204
- FWCI
- 39.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS Biology (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Institutes of Health (DP1OD000964)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Infant Nutrition and Health
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Keywords
- infant gut microbiota, microbial community development, fecal samples, dizygotic twins, microbial origin, breast milk, environmental exposure, microbial diversity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Bacteria, Base Sequence, Feces, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Intestines, Male, Milk, Human, RNA, Bacterial, RNA, Ribosomal, Twins, Dizygotic, Vagina, Colony Count, Microbial, Ecosystem, DNA Primers, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Metagenome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
