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Reciprocal interactions of the intestinal microbiota and immune system
Open accessAbstract
The emergence of the adaptive immune system in vertebrates set the stage for evolution of an advanced symbiotic relationship with the intestinal microbiota. The defining features of specificity and memory that characterize adaptive immunity have afforded vertebrates the mechanisms for efficiently tailoring immune responses to diverse types of microbes, whether to promote mutualism or host defence. These same attributes can put the host at risk of immune-mediated diseases that are increasingly linked to the intestinal microbiota. Understanding how the adaptive immune system copes with the remarkable number and diversity of microbes that colonize the digestive tract, and how the system integrates with more primitive innate immune mechanisms to maintain immune homeostasis, holds considerable promise for new approaches to modulate immune networks to treat and prevent disease.
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“This is of particular importance in intestinal tissues, which are enriched in both Th17 and Treg cells and are subject to ongoing antigenic stimulation from the intestinal microbiome (70).”
From T H 17 cells require ongoing classic IL-6 receptor signaling to retain transcriptional and functional identity (2020) · cites this paper as [70]
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“Ecological conditions vary immensely along both the length of the GI tract as well as in cross-section from lumen to the mucosal brush-border[173,267,308,309].”
From Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: Intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health (2017) · cites this paper as [308]
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“Notably, the gut microbiome through its intestinal barrier regulates homeostasis and function of both innate and adaptive immune systems locally and systemically (38).”
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BackgroundResilience as a universal criterion of health
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“34 ).”
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The nasal microbiome mirrors and potentially shapes olfactory function
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“Accordingly, mucus, antimicrobial proteins and secretory IgA interact together to protect the intestinal epithelial barrier from bacterial contact and, in case of a high pathogen load, with morphological changes and stimulation of a T-cell-mediated response (Maynard et al., 2012).”
BackgroundPhylogenetic and Metabolic Tracking of Gut Microbiota during Perinatal Development
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“Dietary changes, drug treatments, and infections can alter gut microbiota composition, referred to as dysbiosis, which is a hallmark of IBD patients.(122) Very recently, the involvement of specific vitamin-based bacterial metabolites in host immune response activation has been proposed.”
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BackgroundB cells and their role in the teleost gut
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Diet and host–microbial crosstalk in postnatal intestinal immune homeostasis
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Disruption of Epithelial HDAC3 in Intestine Prevents Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice
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“immune impairments (28), which may account for an indirect proinflammatory effect of”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Maynard, C. L., Elson, C. O., Hatton, R. D., & Weaver, C. T.
- Affiliations
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
- Corresponding author
- Weaver, Casey T.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2012-09
- Volume
- 489
- Issue
- 7415
- Pages
- 231-241
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC4492337
- OpenAlex
- W2083102356
- Cited by
- 1,598
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 50 · 2025: 81 · 2024: 122 · 2023: 136 · 2022: 126 · 2021: 143 · 2020: 148 · 2019: 122 · 2018: 120 · 2017: 100 · 2016: 118 · 2015: 120 · 2014: 110 · 2013: 96 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 9.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Crohn's and Colitis Foundation
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI057956, T32AI007051)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R24DK064400, P01DK071176, R01DK093015)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, adaptive immunity, innate immunity, host-microbe symbiosis, immune homeostasis, immune-mediated diseases, immunological memory, gut microbiota modulation, host defense
- MeSH terms
- Blood Group Antigens, Cesarean Section, Epithelium, Female, Homeostasis, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Intestines, Pregnancy, T-Lymphocytes, Vagina, Metagenome
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