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From circuits to behaviour in the amygdala
Open accessAbstract
The amygdala has long been associated with emotion and motivation, playing an essential part in processing both fearful and rewarding environmental stimuli. How can a single structure be crucial for such different functions? With recent technological advances that allow for causal investigations of specific neural circuit elements, we can now begin to map the complex anatomical connections of the amygdala onto behavioural function. Understanding how the amygdala contributes to a wide array of behaviours requires the study of distinct amygdala circuits.
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In the citing paper
“More recently, more in-depth research has illustrated that alterations in the HPA axis have been associated with the process of dealing with stress, especially toxic stress-induced negative health outcomes (83).”
From Epigenetic Modifications in Stress Response Genes Associated With Childhood Trauma (2019) · cites this paper as [83]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“A growing appreciation for the complexity of the amygdala complex has resulted in a more nuanced understanding of this region’s role in fear learning, appetitive learning, and value encoding (Janak and Tye, 2015), and it is clear that the amygdala promotes adaptive behavioral responses to both positive and negative environmental stimuli.”
From A framework for understanding the emerging role of corticolimbic-ventral striatal networks in OCD-associated repetitive behaviors (2015) · cites this paper as Janak and Tye, 2015
In the citing paper
“In addition to a role in fear and threat conditioning, the amygdala also regulates anxiety.”
From A framework for understanding the emerging role of corticolimbic-ventral striatal networks in OCD-associated repetitive behaviors (2015) · cites this paper as Janak and Tye, 2015
In the citing paper
“Since the amygdala is central to processing these forms of information (Janak and Tye, 2015), aberrant communication of anxiety-related information from amygdala to VS could mediate anxiety-driven compulsive behavior.”
From A framework for understanding the emerging role of corticolimbic-ventral striatal networks in OCD-associated repetitive behaviors (2015) · cites this paper as Janak and Tye, 2015
In the citing paper
“The BNST and the CeA have been implicated in diverse behavioral functions (Davis et al., 2010, Janak and Tye, 2015, Kim et al., 2013)”
From Dorsal raphe dopamine neurons represent the experience of social isolation (2016) · cites this paper as Janak and Tye, 2015
In the citing paper
“In particular, given its access to primary sensory information, the CeA could orchestrate appropriate behavioral responses to salient stimuli with different valences [88,93].”
From Oxytocin Signaling in the Central Amygdala Modulates Emotion Discrimination in Mice (2019) · cites this paper as [93]
In the citing paper
“Processing of this sensory information in the BLA results in the formation of associations between neutral predictive stimuli and outcomes of positive or negative valence56 via Hebbian mechanisms57-59.”
From Resolving the neural circuits of anxiety (2015) · cites this paper as [56]
In the citing paper
“This interpretation is in part dictated by the individual’s previous experience and includes the assignment of valence to the stimulus via BLA circuits56.”
From Resolving the neural circuits of anxiety (2015) · cites this paper as [56]
In the citing paper
“the valence detection function of BLA projection neurons56 fits within the interpretation circuits described here, helping to determine whether a given stimulus is threatening or appetitive.”
From Resolving the neural circuits of anxiety (2015) · cites this paper as [56]
In the citing paper
“The BLA is critical for associative learning”
From Infraslow histaminergic dynamics govern priming states to gate moment-to-moment memory accessibility (2026) · cites this paper as [30]
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Citations
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“The BLA transmits information to cortical regions; this transmission is regulated by excitatory projections from the cortex [21] and associated intercalated cells that can shut down the transmission of nerve impulses between the BLA and CeA [22].”
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“The development of different neuronal shapes in the CoA would be necessary for processing environmental sensory stimuli and multiple aspects of human emotional behavior (Adolphs, 2003; Janak & Tye, 2015; Ramón y Cajal, 1909-1911; Rasia-Filho, Londero, & Achaval, 2000).”
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“Besides the VTA and lateral habenula, moderate to strong inputs were observed to other nuclei important in processing aversive and rewarding stimuli (Figure 7b) such as the lateral septum (Zernig and Pinheiro, 2015; Tsanov, 2018), amygdala (Baxter and Murray, 2002; Murray, 2007; Janak and Tye, 2015), lateral hypothala…”
BackgroundEye movement patterns correlate with overt emotional behaviours in rapid eye movement sleep
Maranci, J., Nigam, M., Masset, L., Msika, E.-F., Vionnet, M. C., Chaumereil, C., Vidailhet, M., Leu‐Semenescu, S., & Arnulf, I. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-05905-5 · Cited by 23
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The Neural Separability of Emotion Reactivity and Regulation
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“…and primates have reported the presence of distinct populations of neurons that are spatially intermingled (e.g., neural populations that encode positive and negative valence) and only observable with a fine-grained level of resolution (Janak & Tye, 2015; Paton et al., 2006; Shabel & Janak, 2009).”
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“2003) and is known to be associated with memory (especially emotional memory), emotional regulation and tone (Janak and Tye 2015; Murray et al. 2014).”
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Dysregulation of miR-142 results in anxiety-like behaviors following single prolonged stress
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“Human brain postmortem samples from PTSD patients have shown altered expressions of several miRNAs, especially in the hippocampus and amygdala [7], which are key regions involved in PTSD pathology [8,9], but the mechanisms underlying such dysregulation remain poorly understood.”
High-Resolution Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Extended Amygdala
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“The BLA is believed to encode outcome-specific reward information in salient environments, and it continuously updates outcome values whether positive or negative (Fiuzat et al., 2017; Janak and Tye, 2015; LeDoux, 2007; Stamatakis et al., 2014; Wassum and Izquierdo, 2015).”
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“Indeed, the AMG is an emotional gating center and is directly involved in fear-conditioning, memory and the processing of emotional signals (Janak and Tye, 2015; Rolls, 2015).”
BackgroundEMDR therapy for PTSD after motor vehicle accidents: meta-analytic evidence for specific treatment
Boccia, M., Piccardi, L., Cordellieri, P., Guariglia, C., & Giannini, A. M. (2015) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00213 · Cited by 25
“Specifically, the amygdala is involved in fear conditioning (for a review see Janak and Tye, 2015).”
BackgroundEnvironmental certainty influences the neural systems regulating responses to threat and stress
Meyer, H. C., Sangha, S., Radley, J. J., LaLumiere, R. T., & Baratta, M. V. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.014 · Cited by 20
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“Previous studies have demonstrated the important role of CeA GABA neurons in the regulation of anxiety and other negative emotions 26,37 – 39 .”
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“Beyond the well-characterized role of the amygdala in the formation, consolidation, and retrieval of associative fear memory (LeDoux, 2007; Janak and Tye, 2015), a recent report indicates that the amygdala is also a nodal structure for the generalization processes (Ghosh and Chattarji, 2015).”
Network-Oriented Modeling and Its Conceptual Foundations
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“The amygdala has been emphasized as an essential component in the network that encodes fear (Adolphs, 2013; Johansen et al., 2010; Maren and Quirk, 2004; Paton et al., 2006; Reijmers et al., 2007; Janak and Tye, 2015; Yu et al., 2017; Li et al., 2013).”
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“…neurocircuitry connecting the mPFC and the amygdala plays a critical role in anxiety and in the extinction of fear memories (Milad and Quirk, 2002; Phelps et al., 2004; Adhikari et al., 2015; Janak and Tye, 2015) and is abnormal in PTSD patients (Gilboa et al., 2004; Koenigs and Grafman, 2009).”
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“, 2019) and reviews that focus on the different subdivisions of the amygdala and reward (Baxter and Murray, 2002; Gilpin et al., 2015; Janak and Tye, 2015; Wassum and Izquierdo, 2015; Daviu et al., 2019).”
BackgroundLosing balance: Kainate receptors and psychiatric disorders comorbidities
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Manssuer, L. R., Ding, Q., Liu, W., Yang, R., Linbin, W., Chencheng, Z., Yijie, Z., Bomin, S., Shikun, Z., & Valerie, V. (2022) · Apollo (University of Cambridge) · doi:10.17863/cam.80077 · Cited by 21
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“…in midbrain harbors subtypes that project to 39 target structures and differ in neurotransmitters released, response tuning, and intrinsic excitability (Antal et al., 2014; Janak and Tye, 2015; Jiang et al., 2003; Kim et al., 2015; Lur et al., 2016; McElvain et al., 2021; Poulin et al., 2016).”
BackgroundFan, P., Song, Y., Lu, B., Wang, Y., Dai, Y., Xie, J., He, E., Xu, Z., Yang, G., Mo, F., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.868235 · Cited by 22
“The lateral nucleus (LA) and BLA are mainly involved in learned fear (Ehrlich et al., 2009; Duvarci and Pare, 2014; Janak and Tye, 2015), while MA is mainly involved in olfactoryrelated innate fear (Bergan et al.”
BackgroundSocial and Affective Neuroscience of Everyday Human Interaction
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Basolateral amygdala parvalbumin interneurons coordinate oscillations to drive reward behaviors
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Towards an animal model of callousness
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“In humans, the amygdala has eciprocal connections with many thalamic and sensory cortical rain regions as well as other limbic areas (McDonald and Mascagni, 996; Janak and Tye, 2015), and is strongly interconnected with ther neural components of the social brain, such as the vmPFC, he temporo-parietal junction, the su…”
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“motor system that controls defensive behaviors (LeDoux, 1998, 2000, 2012, 2014; Phelps and LeDoux, 2005; Janak and Tye, 2015).”
BackgroundMirtazapine for chronic breathlessness? A review of mechanistic insights and therapeutic potential
Lovell, N., Wilcock, A., Bajwah, S., Etkind, S. N., Jolley, C. J., Maddocks, M. M., & Higginson, I. J. (2018) · Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1080/17476348.2019.1563486 · Cited by 23
“neural transmission between the amygdala, the orbitofrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex [58].”
BackgroundHarper, K. M., Knapp, D. J., Butler, R. K., Cook, C. A., Criswell, H. E., Stuber, G. D., & Breese, G. R. (2019) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.14163 · Cited by 21
“Furthermore, the BLA to CEA circuit has been implicated in the suppression of negative states induced by withdrawal from chronic alcohol consumption (for review see Janak and Tye (2015); Koob and Volkow (2010); Koob and Volkow (2016);Ron and Barak (2016)).”
BackgroundBrown, S. S. G., Rutland, J. W., Verma, G., Feldman, R. E., Schneider, M., Delman, B. N., Murrough, J., & Balchandani, P. (2019) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.07.010 · Cited by 20
“However, both animal and human studies have shown that the amygdala is comprised of at least thirteen anatomically separate and discrete subnuclei (24, 25).”
BackgroundZuke, J. T., Rice, M., Rudlong, J., Paquin, T., Russo, E., & Burman, M. A. (2019) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0162-19.2019 · Cited by 21
“One structure likely to be affected by neonatal pain is the amygdala, which appears to be involved in many forms of negative emotionality, including innate anxiety and pain (Davis, 1992; Janak and Tye, 2015).”
BackgroundLiu, L., Margoni, F., He, Y., & Liu, H. (2020) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107721 · Cited by 26
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Social reactivation of fear engrams enhances memory recall
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“It plays out in vision [7,8], emotion [9,10], and other areas, but is particularly relevant for pain, where neurosurgical and neuromodulatory interventions are guided directly by scientific understanding of how and where pain experience is localized in the brain [11–13].”
BackgroundLive from the “regulating brain”: harnessing the brain to change emotion
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Behavioral and neural correlates of diverse conditioned fear responses in male and female rats
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“…(lPbN) (Chiang et al., 2019), the sub columns of the periaqueductal gray (PAG) (Benarroch, 2012; Keay and Bandler, 2015), the lateral amygdala (LA) (Janak and Tye, 2015; Kuner and Kuner, 2021), the central amygdala (CeA) (Ciocchi et al., 2010; LeDoux, 2000; Maren and Quirk, 2004), and the…”
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“As a consequence of the abovedescribed modulatory role of the amygdala in stress regulation and sociality, mainly exerted through its widespread projections to limbic, striatal, prefrontal and brainstem areas (Fudge et al., 2002; Haber and Behrens, 2014; Janak and Tye, 2015), we could hypothetically expect a connectio…”
BackgroundA Bayesian Account of Psychopathy: A Model of Lacks Remorse and Self-Aggrandizing
Prosser, A., Friston, K. J., Bakker, N., & Parr, T. (2018) · Computational Psychiatry · doi:10.1162/cpsy_a_00016 · Cited by 21
“Their different patterns of anatomical connectivity with cortical and subcortical structures provide clues concerning their different functions (Bandler, Keay, Floyd, & Price, 2000; Barbas & Pandya, 1989; Carmichael & Price, 1995a, 1995b; Haber, 2016; Noonan, Kolling, Walton, & Rushworth, 2012; Öngür & Price, 2000; Pr…”
BackgroundInfluentialAmygdalar corticotropin-releasing factor mediates stress-induced anxiety.
Ventura-Silva, A. P., Borges, S., Sousa, N. J., Rodrigues, A., & Pêgo, J. (2019) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146622 · Cited by 21
Cyr, M., Pagliaccio, D., Yanes-Lukin, P. K., Goldberg, P. H., Fontaine, M., Rynn, M. A., & Marsh, R. (2021) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.23187 · Cited by 20
“…areas, including prefrontal and sensory cortices, thalamus, hippocampus and striatum, the BLA is primarily implicated in sensory integration and regulation of emotionally significant events, as well as in fear and extinction learning (Janak & Tye, 2015; Orsini & Maren, 2012; Phelps et al., 2004).”
BackgroundAstrocytic NMDA Receptors in the Basolateral Amygdala Contribute to Facilitation of Fear Extinction
Shelkar, G. P., Liu, J., & Dravid, S. M. (2021) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyab055 · Cited by 20
“The neurocircuitry in the BLA has been demonstrated to be critical for fear learning (Duvarci and Pare, 2014; Janak and Tye, 2015).”
BackgroundHilland, E., Johannessen, C. H., Jonassen, R., Alnæs, D., Jørgensen, K. N., Barth, C., Andreou, D., Nerland, S., Wortinger, L. A., Smelror, R. E., et al. (2021) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102881 · Cited by 22
“6 and amygdala are central parts of an emotion processing circuitry, specifically involved in identifying emotional stimuli, initiating affective states, and automatic forms of emotion regulation (Phillips et al., 2003; Janak and Tye, 2015), and are key nodes of the salience network (SN), thought to have a function in…”
BackgroundVolumetric Analysis of Amygdala and Hippocampal Subfields for Infants with Autism
Li, G., Chen, M., Li, G., Wu, D., Lian, C., Sun, Q., Rushmore, J., & Wang, L. (2022) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-022-05535-w · Cited by 20
“It is classically conceived to be critical to emotional processing and memory and plays an important role in anxiety, fear responses, and reward (Cahill et al., 1995; Gothard, 2020; Janak & Tye, 2015).”
BackgroundBehavioral and neuroimaging responses induced by mental imagery of threatening scenarios
Shuhama, R., Rondinoni, C., de Araújo, D. B., Caetano, G. D. F., dos Santos, A. C., Graeff, F. G., & Del‐Ben, C. M. (2016) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2016.06.059 · Cited by 20
Tolmeijer, E., Kumari, V., PETERS, E. R., Williams, S., & Mason, L. (2018) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2018.10.011 · Cited by 20
Bedse, G., Centanni, S. W., Winder, D. G., & Patel, S. (2019) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.14159 · Cited by 19
“BNST neurons send dense projections to the lateral hypothalamus, CeA, parabrachial nucleus (PBN), periaqueductal gray (PAG), and ventral tegmental area (VTA).”
BackgroundInfluentialGarcía‐García, I., Kube, J., Morys, F., Schrimpf, A. M., Kanaan, A. S., Gaebler, M., Villringer, A., Dagher, A., Horstmann, A., & Neumann, J. (2019) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-019-00754-8 · Cited by 20
Disrupting astrocyte-neuron lactate transport prevents cocaine seeking after prolonged withdrawal
Chen, W., Zhang, Y., Liang, J., Zhang, Z., Zhang, L., Huang, E., Zhang, G., Lü, L., Han, Y., & Shi, J. (2023) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adi4462 · Cited by 19
“Substantial data have demonstrated that the amygdala serves as an emotional hub in the brain, reacting to a variety of stimuli, such as rewarding, stressful, and fearful ones ( 33 ).”
BackgroundDelayed maturation and migration of excitatory neurons in the juvenile mouse paralaminar amygdala
Alderman, P. J., Saxon, D. S., Torrijos‐Saiz, L. I., Sharief, M., Page, C. E., Baroudi, J. K., Biagiotti, S. W., Butyrkin, V. A., Melamed, A., Kuo, C. T., et al. (2023) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2023.11.010 · Cited by 23
Insight predicts subsequent memory via cortical representational change and hippocampal activity
Becker, M., Sommer, T., & Cabeza, R. E. L. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-59355-4 · Cited by 29
“Moreover, emotions triggered by the sudden solution may trigger the amygdala to enhance solution-relevant sensory representations thanks to its ability to project to all levels of the ventral stream 28,73,74 .”
Using model systems to understand errant plasticity mechanisms in psychiatric disorders
Averbeck, B. B., & Chafee, M. V. (2016) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4413 · Cited by 18
Srivastava, H. K., & Bandyopadhyay, S. (2020) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0121-20.2020 · Cited by 19
“BLA is known to encode valence (Paton et al., 2006; Janak and Tye, 2015; Zhang and Li, 2018) and damage to BLA-OFC connections may lead to disruption of decision-making and reversal learning like behaviors (Zeeb and Winstanley, 2013; Orsini et al.”
BackgroundMesoscopic-scale functional networks in the primate amygdala
Morrow, J. K., Cohen, M. X., & Gothard, K. M. (2020) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.57341 · Cited by 19
“Cell-type-specific circuit dissection of the rodent amygdala revealed further compartmentalization of the amygdala (reviewed by Duvarci and Pare, 2014 ; Fadok et al., 2018 ; Gafford and Ressler, 2016 ; Janak and Tye, 2015 ).”
BackgroundAvegno, E. M., Kasten, C. R., Snyder, W. B., Kelley, L. K., Lobell, T. D., Templeton-Jager, T. J., Constans, M., Wills, T. A., Middleton, J. W., & Gilpin, N. W. (2020) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.12990 · Cited by 19
Dijkstra, J. M., & Nagatsu, T. (2021) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-021-02450-9 · Cited by 25
“4A), as also shown by the pacifying effect of its removal/absence in animals and people (Fredrikson and Faria 2013; Janak and Tye 2015).”
BackgroundPaasonen, J., Stenroos, P., Laakso, H., Pirttimäki, T., Paasonen, E., Salo, R. A., Tanila, H., Idiyatullin, D., Garwood, M., Michaeli, S., et al. (2022) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.118924 · Cited by 19
Organisation of enkephalin inputs and outputs of the central nucleus of the amygdala in mice
Viden, A., Ch’ng, S. S., Walker, L. C., Shesham, A., Hamilton, S. M., Smith, C. M., & Lawrence, A. J. (2022) · Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy · doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102167 · Cited by 17
Neural Circuit Mechanisms Involved in Animals’ Detection of and Response to Visual Threats
Wu, Q., & Zhang, Y. (2023) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-023-01021-0 · Cited by 21
Sex differences in chronic pain-induced mental disorders: Mechanisms of cerebral circuitry
Shen, Z., Li, W., Chang, W., Yue, N., & Yu, J. M. (2023) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2023.1102808 · Cited by 22
Zhu, Y., Xie, S., Peng, A.-B., Yu, X., Li, C., Fu, J., Shen, C.-J., Cao, S.-X., Zhang, Y., Chen, J., et al. (2023) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.08.022 · Cited by 19
Roles of the gut microbiota in human neurodevelopment and adult brain disorders
Mallick, R., Basak, S., Das, R. K., Banerjee, A., Paul, S., Pathak, S., & Duttaroy, A. K. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2024.1446700 · Cited by 54
Frameworking memory and serotonergic markers
Meneses, A. (2017) · Reviews in the Neurosciences · doi:10.1515/revneuro-2016-0079 · Cited by 19
Kuniecki, M., Wołoszyn, K., Domagalik, A., & Pilarczyk, J. (2017) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-017-1576-y · Cited by 20
“These structures have been shown to coactivate in tasks involving emotional perception or appraisal (Liddell et al. 2005; Sara and Bouret 2012; Markovic et al. 2014; Janak and Tye 2015).”
BackgroundInfluentialPrincipled Approaches to Direct Brain Stimulation for Cognitive Enhancement
Sreekumar, V., Wittig, J. H., Sheehan, T. C., & Zaghloul, K. A. (2017) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2017.00650 · Cited by 18
“Advanced optogenetics experiments, for this reason, target specific pathways in order to attain perturbations that stay within the neural manifold of interest (Gradinaru et al., 2010; Yizhar et al., 2011; Janak and Tye, 2015; Jazayeri and Afraz, 2017).”
Feldker, K., Heitmann, C. Y., Neumeister, P., Brinkmann, L., Bruchmann, M., Zwitserlood, P., & Straube, T. (2017) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.160226 · Cited by 21
Why are maternally separated females inflexible? Brain activity pattern of COx and c-Fos
Banqueri, M., Méndez, M., & Arias, J. L. (2018) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2018.06.007 · Cited by 19
Lueptow, L. M., Devi, L. A., & Fakira, A. K. (2018) · Progress in molecular biology and translational science · doi:10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.07.002 · Cited by 20
Alteration of dopamine receptors subtypes in the brain of opioid abusers: A postmortem study in Iran
Sadat‐Shirazi, M., Zarrindast, M., Daneshparvar, H., Ziaie, A., Fekri, M., Abbasnezhad, E., Ashabi, G., Khalifeh, S., & Vousooghi, N. (2018) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2018.09.043 · Cited by 20
Abnormal reward system network in primary dysmenorrhea
Zhang, Q., Yu, S., Wang, Y., Wang, M., Yang, Y., Wei, W., Guo, X., Zeng, F., Liang, F., & Yang, J. (2019) · Molecular Pain · doi:10.1177/1744806919862096 · Cited by 22
Resting state functional atlas and cerebral networks in mouse lemur primates at 11.7 Tesla
Garin, C. M., Nadkarni, N. A., Landeau, B., Chételat, G., Picq, J., Bougacha, S., & Dhénain, M. (2020) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117589 · Cited by 19
Brain‐wide mapping of presynaptic inputs to basolateral amygdala neurons
Morikawa, S., Katori, K., Takeuchi, H., & Ikegaya, Y. (2021) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.25149 · Cited by 24
“The structure and function of the amygdala have been well conserved across species (Janak & Tye, 2015).”
BackgroundEncoding of Environmental Cues in Central Amygdala Neurons during Foraging
Ponserre, M., Fermani, F., Gaitanos, L., & Klein, R. (2022) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1791-21.2022 · Cited by 18
Learning rules for aversive associative memory formation
Ozawa, T., & Johansen, J. P. (2018) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2018.02.010 · Cited by 25
Schäfer, L., Schellong, J., Haehner, A., Weidner, K., Hüttenbrink, K., Trautmann, S., Hummel, T. R., & Croy, I. (2019) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22359 · Cited by 21
Parsing signal and noise in the brain
Huk, A. C., & Hart, E. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aax1512 · Cited by 21
Astrocytes enable amygdala neural representations supporting memory
Bukalo, O., O’Sullivan, R., Tanisumi, Y., Mendez, A., Weinholtz, C. A., Zimmerman, S., Offenberg, V., Carpenter, O., Bhagwat, H., Mosley, S., et al. (2026) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-025-10068-0 · Cited by 18
Webb, E. K., Huggins, A. A., Belleau, E. L., Taubitz, L. E., Hanson, J. L., deRoon‐Cassini, T. A., & Larson, C. L. (2020) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.03.004 · Cited by 19
Wu, X., Wu, Y., Geng, Z., Zhou, S., Wei, L., Ji, G., Tian, Y., & Wang, K. (2020) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.00602 · Cited by 18
“This may be because the amygdala is involved in multiple social and cognitive functions, including learning and memory (Janak and Tye, 2015; Rutishauser et al., 2015; Haller, 2018), and dysfunctions of the amygdala might lead to functional degeneration.”
BackgroundA Novel Pavlovian Fear Conditioning Paradigm to Study Freezing and Flight Behavior
Borkar, C. D., & Fadok, J. P. (2021) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/61536 · Cited by 18
Chen, P., Chen, G., Zhong, S., Chen, F., Ye, T., Gong, J., Tang, G., Pan, Y., Luo, Z., Qi, Z., et al. (2022) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.03.023 · Cited by 18
Price, M. E., & McCool, B. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2022.857550 · Cited by 20
“The projection targets of the BLA are equally diverse, including but not limited to, the NAC, BNST, CeA, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus (Senn et al., 2014; Janak and Tye, 2015; Beyeler et al., 2016, 2018; Huang et al., 2021).”
BackgroundWired to Connect: The Autonomic Socioemotional Reflex Arc
Ludwig, R. J., & Welch, M. G. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.841207 · Cited by 18
“The amygdala is currently theorized to be a brain hub for integration of sensory and nociceptive information (Janak and Tye, 2015).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Janak, P. H., & Tye, K. M.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Janak, Patricia H.
- Tye, Kay M.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2015-01-14
- Volume
- 517
- Issue
- 7534
- Pages
- 284-292
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC4565157
- OpenAlex
- W1989982790
- Cited by
- 2,011
- References
- 126
- Citations by year
- 2026: 149 · 2025: 193 · 2024: 198 · 2023: 210 · 2022: 207 · 2021: 234 · 2020: 225 · 2019: 172 · 2018: 132 · 2017: 119 · 2016: 114 · 2015: 56
- FWCI
- 13.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PMC
- Funders
- New York Stem Cell Foundation
- JPB Foundation
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01AA014925, AA17072, AA014925, P50AA017072, R01AA016835)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH102441, MH102441, R37MH102441)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA015096, R01DA015096, R01DA035943)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DP2DK102256)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- amygdala, neural circuits, emotions, motivation, fear, reward, behavioural function, structural connectivity, causal manipulation
- MeSH terms
- Amygdala, Animals, Behavior, Biological Evolution, Fear, Humans, Memory, Neural Pathways, Reward
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