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Global exchange and accumulation of non-native plants
Open accessAbstract
All around the globe, humans have greatly altered the abiotic and biotic environment with ever-increasing speed. One defining feature of the Anthropocene epoch is the erosion of biogeographical barriers by human-mediated dispersal of species into new regions, where they can naturalize and cause ecological, economic and social damage. So far, no comprehensive analysis of the global accumulation and exchange of alien plant species between continents has been performed, primarily because of a lack of data. Here we bridge this knowledge gap by using a unique global database on the occurrences of naturalized alien plant species in 481 mainland and 362 island regions. In total, 13,168 plant species, corresponding to 3.9% of the extant global vascular flora, or approximately the size of the native European flora, have become naturalized somewhere on the globe as a result of human activity. North America has accumulated the largest number of naturalized species, whereas the Pacific Islands show the fastest increase in species numbers with respect to their land area. Continents in the Northern Hemisphere have been the major donors of naturalized alien species to all other continents. Our results quantify for the first time the extent of plant naturalizations worldwide, and illustrate the urgent need for globally integrated efforts to control, manage and understand the spread of alien species.
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“Comprehensive accounts are now available on established and/or invasive alien species of vascular plants (van Kleunen et al., 2015, 2019; Pyšek et al., 2017b ), bryophytes (Essl et al., 2015), terrestrial snails (Capinha et al., 2015), ants, spiders [see Dawson et al., 2017 and references therein], fishes (Tedesco et al., 2017), amphibians (Capinha et al., 2017), reptiles (Kraus, 2009, 2015; Capin”
From Scientists' warning on invasive alien species (2020) · cites this paper as van Kleunen et al., 2015
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“For vascular plants, the most recent figures report ∼14,000 species with established alien populations in at least one region, constituting ∼4% of the world flora.”
From Scientists' warning on invasive alien species (2020) · cites this paper as van Kleunen et al., 2015
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Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 911
Ornamentals lead the way: global influences on plant invasions in the Caribbean
Rojas‐Sandoval, J., & Ackerman, J. D. (2021) · NeoBiota · doi:10.3897/neobiota.64.62939 · Cited by 24
“Over 13,000 alien species of vascular plants have established persistent wild populations in areas outside their native range (van Kleunen et al. 2015; Pyšek et al. 2017).”
BackgroundMontecchiari, S., Tesei, G., & Allegrezza, M. (2020) · Plants · doi:10.3390/plants9101404 · Cited by 22
“The worldwide spreading of plant species outside their native range [1] is becoming an expansive phenomenon [2,3].”
BackgroundAre Hong Kong and Taiwan stepping‐stones for invasive species to the mainland of China?
Lu, J.-B., Li, S.-P., Wu, Y., & Jiang, L. (2018) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.3818 · Cited by 22
“A comprehensive assessment of naturalized vascular plants worldwide has already been performed recently, which revealed that Northern Hemisphere is the major donors of alien species to other continents (van Kleunen et al., 2015).”
BackgroundPliszko, A., & Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt, K. (2017) · Plant Ecology · doi:10.1007/s11258-017-0762-6 · Cited by 22
“Due to human activities and changes in ecosystems, 3.9% of the global flora has established self-sustaining populations in regions outside of its native range (van Kleunen et al. 2015).”
BackgroundInfluentialÁguas, A., Larcombe, M., Matias, H., Deus, E., Potts, B., Rego, F., & Silva, J. S. (2017) · European Journal of Forest Research · doi:10.1007/s10342-017-1043-6 · Cited by 22
“Human activity resulted in the naturalization (sensu Richardson et al. 2000) of at least 3.9% of all known vascular plants outside their original territories (van Kleunen et al. 2015).”
BackgroundInfluentialConservation physiology and the quest for a ‘good’ Anthropocene
Madliger, C. L., Franklin, C. E., Hultine, K. R., van Kleunen, M., Lennox, R. J., Love, O. P., Rummer, J. L., & Cooke, S. J. (2017) · Conservation Physiology · doi:10.1093/conphys/cox003 · Cited by 26
“Although many organisms are negatively affected by environmental degradation and climate change, there are many examples of acclimation, adaptation, range expansion and resilience (Kareiva and Marvier, 2012; Seebacher et al., 2015; van Kleunen et al., 2015).”
BackgroundAdhikari, A., Rew, L., Mainali, K., Adhikari, S., & Maxwell, B. (2020) · Regional Environmental Change · doi:10.1007/s10113-020-01647-0 · Cited by 21
Zenni, R., Sampaio, A., Lima, Y. P., Pessoa-Filho, M., Lins, T. C. L., Pivello, V., & Daehler, C. (2018) · Biological Invasions · doi:10.1007/s10530-018-1854-5 · Cited by 21
A framework for understanding human‐driven vegetation change
Inderjit, Catford, J., Kalisz, S., Simberloff, D., & Wardle, D. (2017) · Oikos · doi:10.1111/oik.04587 · Cited by 21
Self-citationPeriphyton density is similar on native and non-native plant species
Grutters, B. M. C., Gross, E., van Donk, E., & Bakker, E. (2017) · doi:10.1111/fwb.12911 · Cited by 21
“Although native vegetation declines under these conditions, non-native plants typically grow excessively in eutrophic conditions and can dominate the vegetation (Hussner, 2012; Van Kleunen et al., 2015).”
Cogoni, D., Fenu, G., Dessì, C., Deidda, A., Giotta, C., Piccitto, M., & Bacchetta, G. (2021) · Plants · doi:10.3390/plants10081504 · Cited by 20
Critical Dependence of Butterflies on a Non-native Host Plant in the Urban Tropics
Jain, A., Zeng, Y., & Webb, E. (2021) · Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.3389/fevo.2021.655012 · Cited by 20
Helsen, K., Acharya, K. P., GRAAE, B. J., Kort, H. D., Brunet, J., Chabrerie, O., Cousins, S. A. O., Frenne, P. D., Hermy, M., Verheyen, K., et al. (2020) · Annals of Botany · doi:10.1093/aob/mcaa110 · Cited by 26
Khapugin, A. A., Kuzmin, I. V., & Silaeva, T. B. (2020) · Biodiversity and Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10531-020-02000-x · Cited by 25
“On another hand, this picture could be a result of underestimation of a negative role of invasive species in Russia due to the lack of related detail data from this area (see van Kleunen et al. 2015; Khapugin 2019).”
BackgroundOllivier, M., Kazakou, E., Corbin, M., Sartori, K., Gooden, B., Lesieur, V., Thomann, T., Martin, J.-F., & Tixier, M. (2020) · NeoBiota · doi:10.3897/neobiota.55.49158 · Cited by 20
Understanding the spread and impact of exotic geckos in the greater Caribbean region
Perella, C. D., & Behm, J. E. (2020) · Biodiversity and Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10531-020-01939-1 · Cited by 28
Qiu, S., Liu, S., Wei, S.-J., Cui, X.-H., Nie, M., Huang, J., He, Q., Ju, R.-T., & Li, B. (2020) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2745.13386 · Cited by 20
“Exotic species invasions are a key feature of the Anthropocene (Van Kleunen et al., 2015; Vellend et al., 2017), and their effects on communities under global change are an increasing concern (Dawson, Fischer, & van Kleunen, 2012; Thomas & Palmer, 2015).”
BackgroundA general model for alien species richness
Duncan, R. P., Cassey, P., Pigot, A. L., & Blackburn, T. M. (2019) · Biological Invasions · doi:10.1007/s10530-019-02003-y · Cited by 19
Rapid reshaping: the evolution of morphological changes in an introduced beach daisy
Brandenburger, C. R., Sherwin, W., Creer, S. M., Buitenwerf, R., Poore, A., Frankham, R., Finnerty, P., & Moles, A. (2019) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B · doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.1713 · Cited by 20
Alien flora of the Korean Peninsula
Kim, C.-G., & Kil, J. (2016) · Biological Invasions · doi:10.1007/s10530-016-1124-3 · Cited by 20
Role of plant functional traits in the invasion success: analysis of nine species of Asteraceae
Kaur, A., Sharma, A., Kaur, S., Siddiqui, M. H., Alamri, S. A., Ahmad, M., Kohli, R. K., Singh, H. P., & Batish, D. R. (2024) · BMC Plant Biology · doi:10.1186/s12870-024-05498-3 · Cited by 22
“A global study has anticipated a total of 13,168 natu-ralized plant species (approximately 3.9% of the world’s total extant flora) in 843 continental and island regions [8].”
BackgroundInfluentialPotter, K., Giardina, C., Hughes, R., Cordell, S., Kuegler, O., Koch, A., & Yuen, E. J. (2023) · Landscape Ecology · doi:10.1007/s10980-023-01662-6 · Cited by 19
“…Pacific, where islands are especially impacted by alien plant species, having the most naturalized species globally when accounting for their size and the highest biogeographic increases in species number with increasing land area (van Kleunen et al. 2015)—all despite their geographic isolation.”
Ecological Impacts of Exotic Species on Native Seed Dispersal Systems: A Systematic Review
Cordero, S., Gálvez, F., & Fontúrbel, F. (2023) · Plants · doi:10.3390/plants12020261 · Cited by 19
“Globalization has weakened biogeographic barriers to dispersal, facilitating species introduction into a wide range of new habitats [2].”
BackgroundScanning the horizon for invasive plant threats using a data-driven approach
Kendig, A. E., Canavan, S., Anderson, P. J., Flory, S. L., Gettys, L. A., Gordon, D. R., Iannone, B. V., Kunzer, J. M., Petri, T., Pfingsten, I. A., et al. (2022) · NeoBiota · doi:10.3897/neobiota.74.83312 · Cited by 26
“Europe is the native range for a disproportionately high number of naturalized plant species relative to the number of native plant species (van Kleunen et al. 2015), which may be influenced by plant adaptations to European pastoralism and cultivation—practices that have been widely adopted…”
BackgroundVorstenbosch, T., Essl, F., & Lenzner, B. (2020) · NeoBiota · doi:10.3897/neobiota.63.55096 · Cited by 21
Self-citationDong, H.-G., Song, Z., Liu, T., Liu, Z.-Q., Liu, Y., Chen, B., Ma, Q.-Q., & Li, Z. (2020) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.6902 · Cited by 19
“Generally, invasive plant species have strong performance-related traits, including those related to physiology, leaf-area allocation, shoot allocation, growth rate, size, and fitness than do noninvasive plant species (van Kleunen et al., 2010, 2015).”
BackgroundTordoni, E., Petruzzellis, F., Nardini, A., & Bacaro, G. (2020) · Diversity · doi:10.3390/d12040148 · Cited by 19
“Currently, there are no signals suggesting that this process is going to be hampered [3]; since alien species have new opportunities to establish and spread outside their native ranges fostered by both socio-economic factors [4,5] and climate change [6].”
BackgroundVagrant birds as a dispersal vector in transoceanic range expansion of vascular plants
Kalwij, J. M., Medán, D., Kellermann, J., Greve, M., & Chown, S. L. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-41081-9 · Cited by 22
Liu, Y.-J., & Kleunen, M. (2019) · Functional Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2435.13288 · Cited by 19
Logging, exotic plant invasions, and native plant reassembly in a lowland tropical rain forest
Döbert, T., Webber, B., Sugau, J., Dickinson, K., & Didham, R. (2018) · Biotropica · doi:10.1111/btp.12521 · Cited by 19
“One imminent threat is the invasion of exotic plants, which is becoming increasingly pervasive throughout ecosystems globally (van Kleunen et al. 2015).”
BackgroundExplaining naturalization and invasiveness: new insights from historical ornamental plant catalogs
Lavoie, C., Joly, S., Bergeron, A., Guay, G., & Groeneveld, E. V. G. (2016) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.2471 · Cited by 19
“TABLE 3 (Continued) America (Guo, Qian, Ricklefs, & Xi, 2006; van Kleunen et al., 2015; Rejmánek, 2014; Stohlgren et al., 2011), so it is not surprising to see European and Asian origin as significant explanatory variables in the invasiveness model.”
BackgroundInfluence of different landscape design styles on plant invasions in Central Europe
Müller, N., & Sukopp, H. (2016) · Landscape and Ecological Engineering · doi:10.1007/s11355-015-0288-9 · Cited by 19
Disentangling the impacts of plant co-invasions: additive, antagonistic and synergistic
Lone, S. A., Ahmed, R., Rasray, B. A., Rashid, I., Nuñez, M. A., & Khuroo, A. A. (2024) · Biological Invasions · doi:10.1007/s10530-024-03411-5 · Cited by 17
“Globally, the IAS pose serious risks to the economy, ecology, and human health (van Kleunen et al. 2015; Downey and Richardson 2016; Pyšek et al. 2020; Diagne et al. 2021; Wani et al. 2022, 2023).”
Exotic success following disturbance explained by weak native resilience and ruderal exotic bias
Pearson, D., Ortega, Y., Eren, Ö., Villarreal, D., Lekberg, Y., & Hierro, J. (2023) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2745.14190 · Cited by 18
“…Turkey provides a reasonable representation of the donor community for our invaders because most New World invaders come from Asia, Europe or Africa (van Kleunen et al., 2015) and Turkey's flora is reflective of its phytogeographic conflux for these regions (Davis, 1971; Şekercioğlu et al., 2011).”
BackgroundTorres, A., Morán-López, T., Rodríguez-Cabal, M., & Nuñez, M. A. (2023) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2745.14168 · Cited by 18
“In recent decades, given the in - creasing accumulation of nonnative species in plant communities worldwide (Van Kleunen et al., 2015 ), interactions among non - native species are gaining attention as an important factor de - termining the assembly of communities (Golivets & Wallin, 2018; Kuebbing…”
BackgroundThe naturalized vascular flora of Malesia
Holmes, R., Pelser, P., Barcelona, J., Tjitrosoedirdjo, S., Wahyuni, I., van Kleunen, M., Pyšek, P., Essl, F., Kreft, H., Dawson, W., et al. (2023) · Biological Invasions · doi:10.1007/s10530-022-02989-y · Cited by 18
Self-citationJamieson, L. E., Woodberry, O., Mascaro, S., Meurisse, N., Jaksons, R., Brown, S. D. J., & Ormsby, M. D. (2021) · Risk Analysis · doi:10.1111/risa.13861 · Cited by 24
“Global trade and the movement of people play a key role in the long-distance transportation of species, notably assisting global invaders to reach remote continents and islands (Hulme, 2009; Van Kleunen et al., 2015).”
BackgroundOmer, A., Fristoe, T. S., Yang, Q., Maurel, N., Weigelt, P., Kreft, H., Bleilevens, J., Dawson, W., Essl, F., Pergl, J., et al. (2021) · Ecography · doi:10.1111/ecog.05669 · Cited by 18
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Tai, K.-C., Shrestha, M., Dyer, A., Yang, E.-C., & Wang, C.-N. (2020) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.582784 · Cited by 18
Community‐level interactions between plants and soil biota during range expansion
Koorem, K., Snoek, B. L., Bloem, J., Geisen, S., Kostenko, O., Manrubia, M., Ramirez, K., Weser, C., Wilschut, R., & van der Putten, W. H. (2020) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2745.13409 · Cited by 18
“Although intra-continental movements of plant species are common (van Kleunen et al., 2015), only few studies have examined plant– soil interactions of range-expanding plant species across latitudinal or altitudinal gradients (Alexander, Diez, & Levine, 2015; De Frenne et al., 2014; van Grunsven,…”
BackgroundInvasion Science in the Developing World: A Response to Ricciardi et al .
Zenni, R. D., Ziller, S. R., Pauchard, A., Rodríguez‐Cabal, M. A., & Nuñez, M. A. (2017) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2017.08.006 · Cited by 18
Invasive Species and Their Impact on Tropical Forests of Central India: A Review
Dar, J. A., Subashree, K., Sundarapandian, S., Saikia, P., Kumar, A., Khare, P. K., Dayanandan, S. D., & Khan, M. L. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-8249-9_5 · Cited by 27
Additive Effects of Multiple Global Change Factors on Plant Invasions Are Common.
Shi, X., Liu, Y.-J., & van Kleunen, M. (2025) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/ele.70057 · Cited by 17
Precipitation and temperature primarily determine the reptile distributions in China
Mi, C., Han, X., Jiang, Z., Zeng, Z., Du, W., & Sun, B. (2024) · Ecography · doi:10.1111/ecog.07005 · Cited by 16
Increasing and fluctuating resource availability enhances invasional meltdown
Sun, Y., Ren, Z., Müller‐Schärer, H., Callaway, R. M., van Kleunen, M., & Huang, W. (2024) · Ecology · doi:10.1002/ecy.4387 · Cited by 16
Liu, D., Essl, F., Lenzner, B., Moser, D., Semenchuk, P. R., Blackburn, T. M., Cassey, P., Biancolini, D., Capinha, C., Dawson, W., et al. (2024) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.17426 · Cited by 14
“The first three databases provided regional-scale non-native species distribution data: Global Avian Invasions Atlas (GAVIA; Dyer et al., 2017), Distribution of Alien Mammals (DAMA; Biancolini et al., 2021), and Global Naturalized Alien Flora (GloNAF; van Kleunen et al., 2015 , 2019 ).”
Self-citationHu, S.-W., Jin, C., Liao, R., Huang, L., Zhou, L., Long, Y., Luo, M., Jim, C. Y., Hu, W., Lin, D., et al. (2023) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119059 · Cited by 17
Alien flora of Iran: species status, introduction dynamics, habitats and pathways
Sohrabi, S., Naqinezhad, A., Kortz, A., Hejda, M., Gherekhloo, J., Zand, E., Pergl, J., Brundu, G., & Pyšek, P. (2023) · Biological Invasions · doi:10.1007/s10530-023-03001-x · Cited by 17
Self-citationGeological evolution of the Mississippi River into the Anthropocene
Russell, C., Waters, C. N., Himson, S. J., Holmes, R., Burns, A., Zalasiewicz, J., & Williams, M. (2021) · The Anthropocene Review · doi:10.1177/20530196211045527 · Cited by 23
“The acceleration of international trade and recreational travel in the Anthropocene has facilitated rapid translocation of opportunistic organisms (neobiota) globally and between previously distinct ecosystems (Capinha et al., 2015; Seebens et al., 2017; van Kleunen et al., 2015).”
BackgroundInvasion success on European coastal dunes
Giulio, S., Pinna, L., Carboni, M., Marzialetti, F., & Acosta, A. (2021) · doi:10.3897/pls2021581/02 · Cited by 17
Historical legacies and ecological determinants of grass naturalizations worldwide
Monnet, A.-C., Vorontsova, M., Govaerts, R., Svenning, J., & Sandel, B. (2020) · Ecography · doi:10.1111/ecog.04609 · Cited by 17
Guerrero, S. D. D. D. L., González‐Rebeles, G., Ibarra-Montes, T. M., Bastarrachea, A. R., Cobos, R. S., Bullock, S. H., Sack, L., & Méndez‐Alonzo, R. (2020) · Biological Invasions · doi:10.1007/s10530-020-02290-w · Cited by 19
Lowry, B., Lowry, J., Jarvis, K. J., Keppel, G., Thaman, R., & Boehmer, H. J. (2020) · Urban Forestry & Urban Greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2019.126516 · Cited by 17
Predominant colonization of Malesian mountains by Australian tree lineages
Brambach, F., Leuschner, C., Tjoa, A., & Culmsee, H. (2019) · Journal of Biogeography · doi:10.1111/jbi.13747 · Cited by 17
Composition patterns of ornamental flora in the Czech Republic
Petřík, P., Sádlo, J., Hejda, M., Štajerová, K., Pyšek, P., & Pergl, J. (2019) · NeoBiota · doi:10.3897/neobiota.52.39260 · Cited by 17
Self-citationDechoum, M. D. S., Sampaio, A., Ziller, S., & Zenni, R. (2018) · Rodriguésia · doi:10.1590/2175-7860201869407 · Cited by 17
Malavasi, M., Acosta, A. T. R., Carranza, M. L., Bartolozzi, L., Basset, A., Bassignana, M., Campanaro, A., Canullo, R., Carruggio, F., Cavallaro, V., et al. (2018) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.03.038 · Cited by 18
“…were performed on single habitats or sites, or restricted to one or just a few species, and only with the recent compilations of large datasets of vegetation from all the major habitats of a country or large region, an increase in more extended studies has occurred (van Kleunen et al., 2015).”
Functional plasticity in vertebrate scavenger assemblages in the presence of introduced competitors
Bingham, E. L., Gilby, B., Olds, A., Weston, M., Connolly, R., Henderson, C. J., Maslo, B., Peterson, C., Voss, C., & Schlacher, T. (2018) · Oecologia · doi:10.1007/s00442-018-4217-0 · Cited by 17
Mang, T., Essl, F., Moser, D., Karrer, G., Kleinbauer, I., & Dullinger, S. (2017) · doi:10.1111/ecog.02194 · Cited by 17
Self-citationHeberling, J., Jo, I., Kozhevnikov, A., Lee, H., & Fridley, J. (2017) · doi:10.1111/geb.12551 · Cited by 17
“The globalization of human activities has resulted in the unprecedented movement of plants around the world (van Kleunen et al., 2015), resulting in novel assemblages of ‘native’ and naturalized species with divergent evolutionary histories (Hobbs et al., 2006).”
BackgroundAlien flora of Nigeria: taxonomy, biogeography, habitats, and ecological impacts
Borokini, I. T., Kortz, A. R., Anibaba, Q. A., Witt, A., Aigbokhan, E. I., Hejda, M., & Pyšek, P. (2023) · Biological Invasions · doi:10.1007/s10530-023-03140-1 · Cited by 20
Self-citationZhao, Y., Zhao, C.-Y., Liu, Y.-Y., Yan, Z.-G., & Wang, Y.-J. (2023) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-023-05992-x · Cited by 16
Alien plants of Iran: impacts, distribution and managements
Sohrabi, S., Vilà, M., Zand, E., Gherekhloo, J., & Hassanpour-bourkheili, S. (2022) · Biological Invasions · doi:10.1007/s10530-022-02884-6 · Cited by 16
Floristic homogenization as a result of the introduction of exotic species in China
Qian, H., & Qian, S.-H. (2022) · Diversity and Distributions: A journal of biological invasions and biodiversity · doi:10.1111/ddi.13612 · Cited by 16
Řezáčová, V., Řezáč, M., Gryndlerová, H., Wilson, G. W. T., & Michalová, T. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-77030-0 · Cited by 18
Traditional food plants of the upper Aswa River catchment of northern Uganda—a cultural crossroads
Masters, E. (2020) · Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine · doi:10.1186/s13002-021-00441-4 · Cited by 16
Jurová, J., Renčo, M., Gömöryová, E., & Čerevková, A. (2020) · doi:10.1163/15685411-00003314 · Cited by 16
Invasive vegetation affects amphibian skin microbiota and body condition
Hernández-Gómez, O., Byrne, A. Q., Gunderson, A., Jenkinson, T., Noss, C. F., Rothstein, A. P., Womack, M. C., & Rosenblum, E. B. (2020) · PeerJ · doi:10.7287/peerj.8549v0.1/reviews/2 · Cited by 16
Introduced plants as novel Anthropocene habitats for insects
Padovani, R. J., Salisbury, A., Bostock, H., Roy, D. B., & Thomas, C. D. (2019) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.14915 · Cited by 16
“Nonnative plants are increasingly prominent in landscapes around the world (van Kleunen et al., 2015), and are now recognized to have potential conservation value due to their provision of multiple ecosystem services (Schlaepfer, Sax, & Olden, 2011), such as the hosting of complex, multitrophic,…”
BackgroundSimilar factors underlie tree abundance in forests in native and alien ranges
van der Sande, M. T., Bruelheide, H., Dawson, W., Dengler, J., Essl, F., Field, R., Haider, S., van Kleunen, M., Kreft, H., Pagel, J., et al. (2019) · Global Ecology and Biogeography · doi:10.1111/geb.13027 · Cited by 18
“…our questions and hypotheses by combining a global vegetation-plot database (sPlot; Bruelheide et al., 2019), a global plant trait database (TRY; Kattge et al., 2011), and global information on naturalized alien plant species [Global Naturalized Alien Flora (GloNAF); van Kleunen et al., 2015].”
BackgroundSelf-citationHerden, J., Eckert, S., Stift, M., Joshi, J., & van Kleunen, M. (2019) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.5325 · Cited by 15
“Of these, more than 13,000 have become naturalized (van Kleunen et al., 2015; Pyšek et al., 2017), and, oc‐ casionally, such naturalized species become invasive with negative ecological and socioeconomic impacts (Simberloff et al., 2013; Vilà et al., 2011; Vilà & Hulme, 2017).”
BackgroundHardisty, A., Belbin, L., Hobern, D., Mcgeoch, M., Pirzl, R., Williams, K., & Kissling, W. (2019) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aaf5db · Cited by 16
“…for the few exemplar species used here support the broader evidence-base of continued spread of alien invasive species through human activities (vanKleunen et al 2015, Kueffer 2017, Pagad et al 2018), and the subsequent break down of biogeographic boundaries through the globalization of…”
BackgroundMiralles, L., Ardura, A., Clusa, L., & Garcia-Vazquez, E. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-34447-y · Cited by 16
Lozano, V., & Brundu, G. (2018) · Hydrobiologia · doi:10.1007/s10750-016-2858-8 · Cited by 16
Reduction of Native Diversity by Invasive Plants Depends on Habitat Conditions
Künzi, Y., Prati, D., Fischer, M., & Boch, S. (2015) · American Journal of Plant Sciences · doi:10.4236/ajps.2015.617273 · Cited by 13
“Introduced, alien species are generally considered among the most important drivers of biodiversity decline [5], although only few of the thousands of species that have been introduced to new ranges actually establish and become invasive [6] [7].”
BackgroundEcology: Global trends in plant naturalization
Rejmánek, M. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature15206 · Cited by 16
Plant Invasions in the Czech Republic
Pyšek, P., Chytrý, M., Pergl, J., Sádlo, J., & Wild, J. (2017) · Plant and vegetation · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-63181-3_8 · Cited by 15
Self-citationEcological features facilitating spread of alien plants along Mediterranean mountain roads
Santoianni, L. A., Innangi, M., Varricchione, M., Carboni, M., Bella, G. L., Haider, S., & Stanisci, A. (2024) · Biological Invasions · doi:10.1007/s10530-024-03418-y · Cited by 20
“In recent times, human activities are facilitating the transport of IAS at unprecedented rates much beyond their native distribution ranges (Van Kleunen et al. 2015; Seebens et al. 2017), and are also promoting range expansion within the introduced ranges, even in protected or highly biodiverse…”
BackgroundNaturalization of introduced plants is driven by life‐form‐dependent cultivation biases
Dong, B.-C., Yang, Q., Kinlock, N., Pouteau, R., Pyšek, P., Weigelt, P., Yu, F.-H., & van Kleunen, M. (2023) · Diversity and Distributions: A journal of biological invasions and biodiversity · doi:10.1111/ddi.13788 · Cited by 15
“Globally, over 13,000 vascular plant species introduced by humans have established self-sustaining populations without further human intervention outside their native ranges (i.e. have become naturalized) (van Kleunen, Dawson, Essl, et al., 2015 ).”
BackgroundSelf-citationShan, L., & Hou, M. (2023) · Acta Botanica Yunnanica · doi:10.1016/j.pld.2023.09.002 · Cited by 17
“Plants have increasingly been introduced beyond their native ranges due to global trade and transportation (van Kleunen et al., 2015; Seebens et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2022).”
BackgroundForey, E., Lodhar, S. Y. F., Galvin, S. D., Lowry, J., Gopaul, S., Hanson, G. C., Carboni, M., Chauvat, M., & Boehmer, H. J. (2023) · Biological Invasions · doi:10.1007/s10530-022-02991-4 · Cited by 15
Jensen, J. K., Ekroos, J., Watson, H., Salmón, P., Olsson, P., & Isaksson, C. (2023) · Oecologia · doi:10.1007/s00442-023-05319-8 · Cited by 31
Stanek, M., Kushwaha, P., Murawska-Wlodarczyk, K., Stefanowicz, A., & Babst-Kostecka, A. (2023) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2023.116328 · Cited by 15
Effects of Invasive Plant Diversity on Soil Microbial Communities
Wang, X.-Y., Wang, X., Wang, W., Wang, J.-X., & Yu, F.-H. (2022) · Diversity · doi:10.3390/d14110992 · Cited by 15
A scenario-guided strategy for the future management of biological invasionsPreprint
Roura-Pascual, N., Saul, W.-C., Pérez-Granados, C., Rutting, L., Peterson, G. D., Latombe, G., Essl, F., Adriaens, T., Aldridge, D., Bacher, S., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.09.07.506838 · Cited by 15
Self-citationPhylogenetic composition of native island floras influences naturalized alien species richness
Bach, W., Kreft, H., Craven, D., König, C., Schrader, J., Taylor, A., Dawson, W., Essl, F., Lenzner, B., Marx, H. E., et al. (2022) · Ecography · doi:10.1111/ecog.06227 · Cited by 16
Self-citationQian, H., Rejmánek, M., & Qian, S.-H. (2022) · Diversity and Distributions: A journal of biological invasions and biodiversity · doi:10.1111/ddi.13608 · Cited by 15
Gonçalves, V., Ribeiro, E. A. W., & Imai, N. N. (2022) · Remote Sensing · doi:10.3390/rs14122805 · Cited by 24
An Annotated Inventory of Invasive Alien Flora of India
Khuroo, A. A., Ahmad, R., Hamid, M., Rather, Z. A., Malik, A. H., & Rashid, I. (2021) · doi:10.1002/9781119607045.ch14 · Cited by 15
Li, Y. M., & Gornish, E. (2020) · Restoration Ecology · doi:10.1111/rec.13221 · Cited by 15
“The less common use of passive restoration in California might be partially attributed to higher pressure of invasive plants in that state (Stohlgren et al. 2003; van Kleunen et al. 2015), which would require more active restoration of native vegetation.”
BackgroundAliens in the Aegean – a sea under siege (ALAS)
Katsanevakis, S., Tsirintanis, K., Sini, M., Gerovasileiou, V., & Koukourouvli, N. (2020) · Research Ideas and Outcomes · doi:10.3897/rio.6.e53057 · Cited by 17
Daniels, J. D., & Arceo-Gómez, G. (2019) · Biological Invasions · doi:10.1007/s10530-019-02130-6 · Cited by 15
“Knowledge of community-level effects is essential in order to predict how entire communities will respond to the increasing spread of invasive species (van Kleunen et al. 2015).”
BackgroundXi, D.-G., You, W., Hu, A., Huang, P., & Du, D.-L. (2019) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2019.00485 · Cited by 15
Casado, M., Martín‐Forés, I., Castro, I., de Miguel, J. D., & Acosta-Gallo, B. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-35294-7 · Cited by 15
Role and influence of soil microbial communities on plant invasion
Ravichandran, K., & Thangavelu, M. (2017) · Ecological Questions · doi:10.12775/eq.2017.024 · Cited by 15
South Africa as a Donor of Naturalised and Invasive Plants to Other Parts of the World
Pyšek, P., Pergl, J., van Kleunen, M., Dawson, W., Essl, F., Kreft, H., Weigelt, P., Wilson, J. R., Winter, M., & Richardson, D. M. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3_26 · Cited by 16
Self-citationHuman transformation of past terrestrial ecosystems
Nogué, S., Morueta-Holme, N., Fernández-Palacios, J., Alsos, I., Brown, A. G., Roberts, P., & Peňuelas, J. (2025) · Nature Reviews Biodiversity · doi:10.1038/s44358-025-00081-6 · Cited by 14
“These pressures have triggered declines in the range and population sizes of many endemic species, resulting in a net loss of biodiversity through mechanisms such as direct predation, habitat loss and competition with introduced species 131,142–144 .”
Zhao, Y., Xu, Y.-H., Guo, K., Guo, W.-Y., & Wang, Y.-J. (2025) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.70282 · Cited by 14
Biodiversity Change in Cultural Landscapes—The Rural Hotspot Hypothesis
Neumann, C., Behling, R. P., & Weiß, G. (2025) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.70811 · Cited by 14
Metadata
- Authors
- van Kleunen, M., Dawson, W., Essl, F., Pergl, J., Winter, M., Weber, E., Kreft, H., Weigelt, P., Kartesz, J., Nishino, M., Antonova, L. A., Barcelona, J. F., Cabezas, F. J., Cárdenas, D., Cárdenas-Toro, J., Castaño, N., Chacón, E., Chatelain, C., Ebel, A. L., Figueiredo, E., Fuentes, N., Groom, Q. J., Henderson, L., Inderjit, Kupriyanov, A., Masciadri, S., Meerman, J., Morozova, O., Moser, D., Nickrent, D. L., Patzelt, A., Pelser, P. B., Baptiste, M. P., Poopath, M., Schulze, M., Seebens, H., Shu, W.-S., Thomas, J., Velayos, M., Wieringa, J. J., & Pyšek, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Konstanz (DE)
- University of Vienna (AT)
- Czech Academy of Sciences (CZ)
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (DE)
- University of Potsdam (DE)
- University of Göttingen (DE)
- The Biota of North America Program (US)
- University of Canterbury (NZ)
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ES)
- Instituto Sinchi (CO)
- Jardin Botanique de Genève (CH)
- University of Coimbra (PT)
- University of Concepción (CL)
- Meise Botanic Garden (BE)
- Agricultural Research Council of South Africa (ZA)
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RU)
- Universidad de la República de Uruguay (UY)
- University of Belize (BZ)
- Southern Illinois University Carbondale (US)
- Alexander von Humboldt Biological Resources Research Institute (CO)
- Department of National Parks Wildlife and Plant Conservation (TH)
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (DE)
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg (DE)
- Sun Yat-sen University (CN)
- King Saud University (SA)
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center (NL)
- Corresponding author
- van Kleunen, Mark
- ORCID
- van Kleunen, Mark
- Dawson, Wayne
- Essl, Franz
- Pergl, Jan
- Winter, Marten
- Weber, Ewald
- Kreft, Holger
- Weigelt, Patrick
- Barcelona, Julie F.
- Cabezas, Francisco J.
- Chatelain, Cyrille
- Figueiredo, Estrela
- Fuentes, Nicol
- Groom, Quentin J.
- Kupriyanov, Andrey
- Moser, Dietmar
- Nickrent, Daniel L.
- Patzelt, Annette
- Pelser, Pieter B.
- Poopath, Manop
- Seebens, Hanno
- Shu, Wen-sheng
- Thomas, Jacob
- Velayos, Mauricio
- Wieringa, Jan J.
- Pyšek, Petr
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2015-08-19
- Volume
- 525
- Issue
- 7567
- Pages
- 100-103
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W1803950400
- Cited by
- 1,095
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 65 · 2025: 100 · 2024: 108 · 2023: 141 · 2022: 93 · 2021: 119 · 2020: 99 · 2019: 114 · 2018: 91 · 2017: 82 · 2016: 69 · 2015: 12
- FWCI
- 87.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- research.wur.nl
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (acceptedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- KOPS (University of Konstanz) (submittedVersion)
- SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- ASEP (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Nelson Mandela University Research Repository (submittedVersion)
- publish.UP (University of Potsdam) (submittedVersion)
- GRO (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Greater South Information System
- Funders
- Klima- und Energiefonds
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG– FZT 118, KL 1866/9-1, RVO 67985939, FZT118)
- Grantová Agentura České Republiky (GB14-36079G, RVO 67,985,939, 67985939, 36079G)
- King Saud University
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
- Akademie Věd České Republiky (RVO [67985939], 67985939, 14‐36079G)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung
- Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad, Gobierno de México
- Deutsches Zentrum für integrative Biodiversitätsforschung Halle-Jena-Leipzig (DFG-FZT 118, FZT 118)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecological Modeling › Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Keywords
- non-native plants, naturalized species, biological invasions, plant introduction, human-mediated dispersal, Anthropocene, vascular flora, island biogeography, North America, Pacific Islands, Northern Hemisphere, invasive species management
- MeSH terms
- North America, Pacific Islands, Plants, Databases, Factual, Biodiversity, Introduced Species, Phylogeography, Geographic Mapping
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