Cited by 1,196Genomics and Rare DiseasesZebrafish Biomedical Research ApplicationsDevelopmental Biology and Gene Regulation

High-throughput discovery of novel developmental phenotypes

Open access
The International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium, Dickinson, Mary E., Flenniken, Ann M., Ji, Xiao, Teboul, Lydia, Wong, Michael D., White, Jacqueline K., Meehan, Terrence F. +77 more·2016·Nature

Abstract

Approximately one-third of all mammalian genes are essential for life. Phenotypes resulting from knockouts of these genes in mice have provided tremendous insight into gene function and congenital disorders. As part of the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium effort to generate and phenotypically characterize 5,000 knockout mouse lines, here we identify 410 lethal genes during the production of the first 1,751 unique gene knockouts. Using a standardized phenotyping platform that incorporates high-resolution 3D imaging, we identify phenotypes at multiple time points for previously uncharacterized genes and additional phenotypes for genes with previously reported mutant phenotypes. Unexpectedly, our analysis reveals that incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity are common even on a defined genetic background. In addition, we show that human disease genes are enriched for essential genes, thus providing a dataset that facilitates the prioritization and validation of mutations identified in clinical sequencing efforts.

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  • IMPC analysis of 1,751 unique gene knockouts found human disease genes enriched for essential genes.

    “Their recent analysis of 1,751 unique gene knockouts found that human disease genes are enriched for essential genes38”

    From Unexplored therapeutic opportunities in the human genome (2018) · cites this paper as [38]

  • Growing resources of well-characterized gene knockouts in mouse and other model organisms will further help to discover novel gene losses that are potential causes or consequences of phenotypic evolution.

    “Growing resources of well-characterized gene knockouts in mouse58 and other model organisms will further help to discover novel gene losses that are potential causes or consequences of phenotypic evolution.”
  • ZNF692 knock-out mice do not exhibit a teratogenic phenotype.

    “ZNF692 knock-out mice do not exhibit a teratogenic phenotype (International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium et al., 2016)”

    From Thalidomide promotes degradation of SALL4, a transcription factor implicated in Duane Radial Ray syndrome (2018) · cites this paper as International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium et al., 2016

    The Results section reports developmental phenotypes for several knockout lines, but the passages in our copy do not report findings for ZNF692 knockout mice. Searches for ZNF692, Znf692/Zfp692, and teratogenic phenotypes found no passage establishing whether those mice have a developmental phenotype. (LLM, conf=0.73)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • The newly added data includes mouse and rat proteins from UniProt, with their associated phenotype data extracted from the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium and the Rat Genome Database.

    “The newly added data includes mouse and rat proteins from UniProt (5), with their associated phenotype data extracted from the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (6) and the Rat Genome Database (7), respectively.”

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Research works printed but not linked: 9

  1. [4]Weninger WJ Phenotyping structural abnormalities in mouse embryos using high-resolution episcopic microscopy Dis Model Mech 2014 7 1143 1152 25256713 PMC4174525
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  3. [6]Wong MD Dorr AE Walls JR Lerch JP Henkelman RM A novel 3D mouse embryo atlas based on micro-CT Development 2012 139 3248 3256 22872090 PMC6514304
  4. [16]Petrovski S Wang Q Heinzen EL Allen AS Goldstein DB Genic intolerance to functional variation and the interpretation of personal genomes PLoS Genet 2013 9 e1003709 23990802 PMC3749936
  5. [17]Stenson PD Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): 2003 update Hum Mutat 2003 21 577 581 12754702
  6. [19]Hart T High-Resolution CRISPR Screens Reveal Fitness Genes and Genotype-Specific Cancer Liabilities Cell 2015 163 26627737
  7. [20]Wang T Identification and characterization of essential genes in the human genome Science 2015 350 1096 1101 26472758 PMC4662922
  8. [21]Blomen VA Gene essentiality and synthetic lethality in haploid human cells Science 2015 350 1092 1096 26472760
  9. [22]Welter D The NHGRI GWAS Catalog, a curated resource of SNP-trait associations Nucleic acids research 2014 42 D1001 D1006 24316577 PMC3965119

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Authors
The International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium, Dickinson, M. E., Flenniken, A. M., Ji, X., Teboul, L., Wong, M. D., White, J. K., Meehan, T. F., Weninger, W. J., Westerberg, H., Adissu, H., Baker, C. N., Bower, L., Brown, J. M., Caddle, L. B., Chiani, F., Clary, D., Cleak, J., Daly, M. J., Denegre, J. M., Doe, B., Dolan, M. E., Edie, S. M., Fuchs, H., Gailus-Durner, V., Galli, A., Gambadoro, A., Gallegos, J., Guo, S., Horner, N. R., Hsu, C.-W., Johnson, S. J., Kalaga, S., Keith, L. C., Lanoue, L., Lawson, T. N., Lek, M., Mark, M., Marschall, S., Mason, J., McElwee, M. L., Newbigging, S., Nutter, L. M. J., Peterson, K. A., Ramirez-Solis, R., Rowland, D. J., Ryder, E., Samocha, K. E., Seavitt, J. R., Selloum, M., Szoke-Kovacs, Z., Tamura, M., Trainor, A. G., Tudose, I., Wakana, S., Warren, J., Wendling, O., West, D. B., Wong, L., Yoshiki, A., Wurst, W., MacArthur, D. G., Tocchini-Valentini, G. P., Gao, X., Flicek, P., Bradley, A., Skarnes, W. C., Justice, M. J., Parkinson, H. E., Moore, M., Wells, S., Braun, R. E., Svenson, K. L., de Angelis, M. H., Herault, Y., Mohun, T., Mallon, A.-M., Henkelman, R. M., Brown, S. D. M., Adams, D. J., Lloyd, K. C. K., McKerlie, C., Beaudet, A. L., Bućan, M., & Murray, S. A.
Affiliations
  • Mount Sinai Hospital (CA)
  • University of Pennsylvania (US)
  • Mary Lyon Centre at MRC Harwell (GB)
  • Hospital for Sick Children (CA)
  • Wellcome Sanger Institute (GB)
  • European Bioinformatics Institute (GB)
  • Medical University of Vienna (AT)
  • Jackson Laboratory (US)
  • University of California, Davis (US)
  • National Research Council (IT)
  • Broad Institute (US)
  • Helmholtz Munich (DE)
  • Baylor College of Medicine (US)
  • Model Animal Research Center (CN)
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
  • RIKEN BioResource Research Center (JP)
  • German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DE)
  • National Institute for Medical Research (GB)
Corresponding author
Murray, Stephen A.
Venue
Nature
Published
2016-09-14
Volume
537
Issue
7621
Pages
508-514
ISSN
  • 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-4687
OpenAlex
W2518901523
Cited by
1,196
References
64
Citations by year
2026: 76 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 115 · 2023: 148 · 2022: 145 · 2021: 186 · 2020: 147 · 2019: 124 · 2018: 90 · 2017: 64 · 2016: 10 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
FWCI
78.01
Type
journal article
Language
en
Update notices
erratum (2017-11-08)
Open access
Locations
  • Nature (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • HAL (submittedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • Lincoln Repository (University of Lincoln) (submittedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • mediaTUM (Technical University of Munich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • The Mouseion at the JAXlibrary (Jackson Laboratory) (submittedVersion)
  • Site cant be reached (submittedVersion)
  • PuSH - Publication Server of Helmholtz Zentrum München (submittedVersion)
  • Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion)
  • Apollo
Funders
  • Genome Canada (OGI- 051)
  • Wellcome Trust
  • Ontario Genomics (OGI-051)
  • INFRAFRONTIER (01KX1012)
  • Government of Canada
  • Cancer Research UK (13031)
  • Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-10-INBS-07 PHENOMIN., ANR-10-INBS-07, ANR-10-IDEX-0002, ANR-10-IDEX, ANR-10-IDEX0002-02, ANR-10, ANR-10-INBS-0007)
  • Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (ANR 10 IDEX 0002, ANR-10-INBS-07 PHENOMIN, ANR-10-IDEX-0002-02, ANR-10-INBS-07)
  • Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (01KX1012)
  • Université de Strasbourg (ANR-10-IDEX- 0002, ANR-10-IDEX-0002-02)
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (ANR-10-IDEX-0002-02, ANR-10-IDEX-0002)
  • PHENOMIN (ANR-10-INBS-07)
  • National Institutes of Health (U42OD011185, U42OD011175, U42OD011174, U54‐HG006348, HG006348, UM1OD023222, UM1OD023221, U42OD012210)
  • Medical Research Council
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (15K06815, 26250024)
  • National Human Genome Research Institute (U54HG006348, U54HG006370, U54HG006364, U54HG006332, UM1HG006348, UM1HG006370)
  • National Eye Institute (P30EY002520)
  • National Cancer Institute (P30CA093373, P30CA034196)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U2CDK092993)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genomics and Rare Diseases
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Zebrafish Biomedical Research Applications
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
Keywords
lethal genes, embryonic lethality, International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium, developmental phenotypes, incomplete penetrance, variable expressivity, essential genes, human disease genes, purifying selection, orthologs, congenital disorders
MeSH terms
Animals, Disease, Embryo, Mammalian, Genes, Lethal, Humans, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mutation, Phenotype, Conserved Sequence, Sequence Homology, Mice, Knockout, Penetrance, Genes, Essential, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Mice, Genome-Wide Association Study, High-Throughput Screening Assays

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