Too many roads not taken
Open accessAbstract
Most protein research focuses on those known before the human genome was mapped. Work on the slew discovered since, urge Aled M. Edwards and his colleagues.
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The bias toward well-described proteins is confirmed across publications, patents, NIH funding, GWAS, mouse phenotype data, molecular probes, and STRING queries.
“The bias towards well-described proteins2 is confirmed not only with respect to publications but also with respect to patents, NIH funding patterns, GWAS and mouse phenotype data (data not shown), availability of molecular probes such as antibodies and small molecules, and even queries in the STRING18database”
From Unexplored therapeutic opportunities in the human genome (2018) · cites this paper as [2]
“Too many roads not taken” (page not supplied) documents a persistent publication bias toward a small group of proteins, and “biased approach” says antibodies and small molecules are available for only a handful of well-studied proteins. The paper discusses GWAS links and a knockout phenotype, but does not establish the claimed bias across GWAS or mouse phenotype data. Our copy also does not report the claimed patterns in patents, NIH funding, or STRING queries. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredResearch efforts continue to focus on genes and proteins of known function, with similar trends in gene and protein annotation databases.
“Analysis of publication trends has revealed that research efforts continue to focus on genes and proteins of known function, with similar trends seen in gene and protein annotation databases [2,4,5].”
From Functional unknomics: Systematic screening of conserved genes of unknown function (2023) · cites this paper as [4]
In “Too many roads not taken” (page not available), the paper reports that most protein research remains concentrated on proteins known before the human genome was mapped, supporting the publication-trends portion of the claim. Our copy does not report a corresponding trend in gene or protein annotation databases, or establish the same pattern for genes generally. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredScientific factors proposed for bias include a lack of specific reagents and a tendency to focus on proteins that are abundant and widely expressed.
“In addition, scientific factors have been proposed, including a lack of specific reagents like antibodies or small molecule inhibitors, and a tendency to focus on proteins that are abundant and widely expressed and so likely to be present in cell lines and model organisms [4,7,9].”
From Functional unknomics: Systematic screening of conserved genes of unknown function (2023) · cites this paper as [4]
The “biased approach” section says antibodies and chemical inhibitors are available for only a handful of well-studied proteins, supporting the lack-of-reagents explanation. The passages do not say that researchers favor proteins because they are abundant, widely expressed, or likely to occur in cell lines and model organisms. Page numbers are not provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredA large share of biomedical research and therapeutic development concentrates on a small portion of the human genome.
“A large proportion of biomedical research and the development of therapeutics is focused on a small fraction of the human genome.”
From Unexplored therapeutic opportunities in the human genome (2018) · cites this paper as [2]
Biological research largely ignores less well known, but potentially important, genes.
“that biological research largely ignores less well known, but potentially important, genes [2,4,6,7].”
From Functional unknomics: Systematic screening of conserved genes of unknown function (2023) · cites this paper as [4]
Scientific research tends to focus on well-studied proteins, leading to neglect of poorly understood genes.
“It has become clear that scientific research tends to focus on well-studied proteins, leading to a concern that poorly understood genes are unjustifiably neglected.”
From Functional unknomics: Systematic screening of conserved genes of unknown function (2023) · cites this paper as [4]
Research activity tends to focus on what has already been studied in depth.
“These observations provide further support to the notion that research activity tends to focus on what has already been studied in depth [2,4,27].”
From Functional unknomics: Systematic screening of conserved genes of unknown function (2023) · cites this paper as [4]
The first draft of the human genome did not broaden research focus to increase the types and numbers of human genes subjected to experimentation.
“Although the first draft of the human genome (24,25) was expected to increase the types and numbers of human genes that were subjected to experimentation, this broadening of research focus did not occur (Figure 3) (13,15–17,20,23).”
From Protection of the human gene research literature from contract cheating organizations known as research paper mills (2022) · cites this paper as [13]
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- Authors
- Edwards, A. M., Isserlin, R., Bader, G. D., Frye, S. V., Willson, T. M., & Yu, F. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- GlaxoSmithKline (United States) (US)
- Seoul National University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Edwards, Aled M.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2011-02-09
- Volume
- 470
- Issue
- 7333
- Pages
- 163-165
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2012750155
- Cited by
- 411
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 13.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Seoul National University
- University of Toronto
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- protein research, human genome, proteomics, protein discovery, research priorities
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Ion Channels, Protein Kinases, Bibliometrics, Human Genome Project, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, Biomedical Research
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