The DOI matches its Crossref record; 65 of the 65 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A molecular atlas of cell types and zonation in the brain vasculature
Open accessAbstract
Cerebrovascular disease is the third most common cause of death in developed countries, but our understanding of the cells that compose the cerebral vasculature is limited. Here, using vascular single-cell transcriptomics, we provide molecular definitions for the principal types of blood vascular and vessel-associated cells in the adult mouse brain. We uncover the transcriptional basis of the gradual phenotypic change (zonation) along the arteriovenous axis and reveal unexpected cell type differences: a seamless continuum for endothelial cells versus a punctuated continuum for mural cells. We also provide insight into pericyte organotypicity and define a population of perivascular fibroblast-like cells that are present on all vessel types except capillaries. Our work illustrates the power of single-cell transcriptomics to decode the higher organizational principles of a tissue and may provide the initial chapter in a molecular encyclopaedia of the mammalian vasculature.
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In the citing paper
“many of which were well documented61–66.”
From A high-resolution transcriptomic and spatial atlas of cell types in the whole mouse brain (2023) · cites this paper as [64]
In the citing paper
“We identified endothelial ICs (Figure 2E) with strong contributions from genes with arterial (IC 5 and 20) and veinous (IC 3 and 12) expression, suggesting heterogeneity related to vessel type”
From Molecular diversity and specializations among the cells of the adult mouse brain (2018) · cites this paper as Vanlandewijck et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“These genes (e.g. Tm4sf1 and Slc38a5) showed continuous, reciprocal expression (Data S4G), consistent with the smooth molecular transitions described for endothelial cells associated with arteries or veins”
From Molecular diversity and specializations among the cells of the adult mouse brain (2018) · cites this paper as Vanlandewijck et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“IC 19 represented this difference in a graded rather than categorical way, as Rgs5/Acta2 expression and IC cell scores were continuously, rather than bimodally, distributed across these cells”
From Molecular diversity and specializations among the cells of the adult mouse brain (2018) · cites this paper as Vanlandewijck et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“Among SMA cells, Acta2 expression correlates with a veinous versus arterial distribution”
From Molecular diversity and specializations among the cells of the adult mouse brain (2018) · cites this paper as Vanlandewijck et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“A single IC (IC 13) appeared to encode this distinction, with pericyte marker Vtn as the strongest loading gene”
From Molecular diversity and specializations among the cells of the adult mouse brain (2018) · cites this paper as Vanlandewijck et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“Like Vanlandewijck et al., we observed (Figure 5) distinct endothelial cell types carrying known arterial (e.g., Bmx; VECA) and venous (Slc38a5; VECV) markers, as well as capillary endothelial cells (VECC) expressing Meox1.”
From Molecular Architecture of the Mouse Nervous System (2018) · cites this paper as Vanlandewijck et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“Vanlandewijck et al. described two brain fibroblast-like cell types expressing fibril-forming collagens (e.g., Col1a1, Col1a2), collagen fiber crosslinking proteins (Lum, Dcn), and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha, Pdgfra, which was interposed between astrocyte endfeet and vascular endothelial cells.”
From Molecular Architecture of the Mouse Nervous System (2018) · cites this paper as Vanlandewijck et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“In vivo, αSMA and calponin expression are restricted to mural cells along brain arterioles and arteries [38], however, these markers are often upregulated during culture [39], complicating identification of pericytes.”
From Role of iPSC-derived pericytes on barrier function of iPSC-derived brain microvascular endothelial cells in 2D and 3D (2019) · cites this paper as [38]
In the citing paper
“APOE in the brain is primarily synthesized by astrocytes and microglia, as indicated by a recent single cell RNA-seq study in the mouse (610).”
From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [610]
In the citing paper
“Pericytes, SMCs, and endothelial cells express thousands of transcripts encoding different transporters, receptors, active efflux pumps, ion channels, and regulatory molecules (28, 72, 86, 129, 242, 358, 359, 610, 675, 678), whose expression pattern varies by zonation along the arteriocapillary-venous axis and cell type (610).”
From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [610]
In the citing paper
“In contrast to the BBB endothelium's gradual phenotypic change along the arteriovenous axis, mural cells formed two distinct groups comprising pericyte and venous SMCs, and arterial and arteriole SMCs (610).”
From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [610]
In the citing paper
“Briefly, this study is the first to report that at the BBB endothelium transcription factors predominated at arteries and arterioles, transporters predominated capillaries and veins, and ribosomal proteins indicative of protein synthesis were spread along the arteriovenous axis (610), yielding important insights to biological functions and endothelial specialization along the brain vasculature”
From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [610]
In the citing paper
“According to a transcriptomic analysis of cells in the vasculature, Plcg2 seems to be expressed in certain subtypes of endothelial cells, although at lower level than compared to microglia (http://betsholtzlab.org/VascularSingleCells/database.html [43]).”
From Alzheimer’s disease phospholipase C-gamma-2 (PLCG2) protective variant is a functional hypermorph (2019) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“we used an siRNA sequence targeting Ppib because this gene is abundantly and ubiquitously expressed across CNS cell types [27].”
From Elucidating brain transport pathways and cell type-dependent gene silencing of a durable lipid–siRNA conjugate administered into cerebrospinal fluid (2025) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“Here, we used an siRNA sequence targeting Ppib because this gene is abundantly and ubiquitously expressed across CNS cell types.34”
From Lipid-siRNA conjugate accesses a perivascular transport mechanism and achieves widespread and durable knockdown in the central nervous system (2024) · cites this paper as [34]
In the citing paper
“WAVE2 is expressed at high levels in microglia and vascular endothelial cells14,15.”
From The WAVE complex in developmental and adulthood brain disorders (2025) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“In addition to astrocytes and microglia, other cell types in the brain have been reported to produce ApoE under different conditions. These cells include oligodendrocytes, pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, perivascular fibroblasts, and perivascular macrophages [107–109].”
From ApoE lipoproteins in the central nervous system under homeostasis and role in Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders (2026) · cites this paper as [108]
In the citing paper
“PDGFRβ expression in pericytes is noticeably higher than in SMCs18,25,26.”
From Blood–brain barrier breakdown is an early biomarker of human cognitive dysfunction (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Based on marker gene enrichment (Table S1), Endo.1 may correspond to endothelial capillary cells, Endo.2 to venous endothelial cells, and Endo.3 to arterial endothelial cells (Vanlandewijck et al., 2018).”
From Single-Cell Analysis of Regional Differences in Adult V-SVZ Neural Stem Cell Lineages (2019) · cites this paper as Vanlandewijck et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“We spatially mapped the developing arterio-venous zonation in the embryonic LV ChP in whole explants by combining the pan-endothelial marker PECAM1 with markers for arteries (Acta2+, Vwf+) and veins (Acta2−, Vwf+) (Vanlandewijck et al., 2018).”
From A cellular and spatial map of the choroid plexus across brain ventricles and ages (2021) · cites this paper as Vanlandewijck et al., 2018
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“In addition, employing recently identified markers specific to brain vascular cells 34 , we observed that genes in P2 were significantly enriched in arteries ( adj.p = 1.11E−05) and veins ( adj.p = 0.0037), while genes in P3 were enriched in capillaries ( adj.p = 0.03).”
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“90 Our single-cell transcriptomic analysis of the injured spinal cord identified only one pericyte trajectory associated with SCI and PDGF-BB administration that converged into a pericyte subcluster characterized by a rapid decrease in the expression of classical pericyte markers and the induction…”
Angiogenesis, signaling pathways, and animal models
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“However, new evidence pointing to molecular differences between endothelial cells depending on their location in the vascular tree, [122] the organ-specific regulation and function of blood vessels, [123] and the importance of the circadian clock in regulating angiogenesis and antiangiogenic…”
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“Transcriptional analysis indicates heterogeneous endothelial phenotypes along the different architecture of brain vasculature [13], and fluid mechanics studies have indicated that the shear stress experienced by endothelial cells in the brain varies widely [14].”
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Pericyte-derived cells participate in optic nerve scar formation
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BackgroundResultEndothelial Cell APOE3 Regulates Neurovascular, Neuronal, and Behavioral Function
Marottoli, F. M., Zhang, H., Flores-Barrera, E., de la Villarmois, E. A., Damen, F. C., Fernández, A. M. M. M., Blesson, H. V., Chaudhary, R., Nguyen, A. L., Nwokeji, A. E., et al. (2023) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.123.319816 · Cited by 7
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“It has been reported that PDGF-BB is the main isoform of PDGF, being primarily expressed by ECs, while PDGFR β is commonly expressed on PCs [16].”
BackgroundNanoparticle delivery for central nervous system diseases and its clinical application
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“To determine vascular heterogeneity in healthy kidneys and in the progression of DKD, we employed scRNAseq using the SmartSeq2 protocol [49,50].”
MethodSelf-citationZmiz1 is a novel regulator of lymphatic endothelial cell gene expression and function
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“…factor that lies downstream of Norrin sig naling and Unc5b, a Netrin - 1 receptor that regulates BBB integ rity. mRNA and protein expression profiles for Unc5b and Cthrc1 are enriched on the arterial side, and Lef1 , Slc16a1 , Slc38a5 mRNA and protein are enriched in venules ( 51 , 52 ).”
The histone acetyltransferase HBO1 promotes efficient tip cell sprouting during angiogenesis
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“Previous work for single-cell profiling on small vessels in the brain has suggested that immediate early genes, such as Fos, Fosb, Jun, and Junb, are enriched with cells isolated from solid organs or vascular tissue (Vanlandewijck et al., 2018).”
Endothelial Cells Potentially Participate in the Metastasis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Ma, Y., Li, Y., Guo, P., Zhao, J., Qin, Q., Wang, J., Liang, Z., Wei, D., Wang, Z., Shen, J., et al. (2022) · Journal of Immunology Research · doi:10.1155/2022/5412007 · Cited by 8
Intranasal Drug Delivery to the Brain
Lochhead, J. J., Kumar, N. N., Nehra, G., Stenslik, M. J., Bradley, L. H., & Thorne, R. G. (2022) · AAPS advances in the pharmaceutical sciences series · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-88773-5_15 · Cited by 8
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Pericyte dysfunction due to Shb gene deficiency increases B16F10 melanoma lung metastasis
He, Q., Li, X., He, L., Li, Y., Betsholtz, C., & Welsh, M. (2020) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.33110 · Cited by 8
Self-citationEndothelial EphrinB2 Regulates Sunitinib Therapy Response in Murine Glioma
Broggini, T., Stange, L., Lucia, K. E., et al. (2022) · Life · doi:10.3390/life12050691 · Cited by 8
“rial; aa—arteriolar; 1,2,3- subtypes according to [23,24]).”
Koehn, L. M. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-84860-6_76 · Cited by 8
Lee, J. S., Yoon, B. S., Kim, Y., & Park, C. B. (2024) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150766 · Cited by 7
Loss of endothelial CD2AP causes sex-dependent cerebrovascular dysfunction
Vandal, M., Institóris, Á., Réveret, L., Korin, B., Gunn, C., Hirai, S., Jiang, Y., Lee, S., Lee, J. Y., Bourassa, P., et al. (2025) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2025.01.006 · Cited by 7
Tight junction proteins in glial tumors development and progression
Moskal, J., & Michalak, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2025.1541885 · Cited by 7
“…et al., 2018; Garcia et al., 2022) Oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, neurons (Castro Dias et al., 2019) Claudin-25 Brain endothelium Oligodendrocytes (Vanlandewijck et al., 2018; Garcia et al., 2022) TAMP Occludin Brain endothelium pericytes Astrocytes (Castro et al., 2018) Neurons (Bauer et al.,…”
InfluentialA systematic review of in vivo brain insulin resistance biomarkers in humans
Reid, G., Sargent, B., Bauermeister, S., Adler, A., & Koychev, I. G. (2025) · Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.bionps.2025.100125 · Cited by 9
Neuropathological links between T2DM and LOAD: systematic review and meta-analysis
Lemche, E., Hortobágyi, T., Kiecker, C. M., & Turkheimer, F. (2025) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00040.2024 · Cited by 9
Fangma, Y., Zhou, Z., Chen, Z., & Zheng, Y. (2025) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.125.052018 · Cited by 8
Pericyte pannexin1 controls cerebral capillary diameter and supports memory function
Mai-Morente, S., Isasi, E., Rafael, A., Budelli, G., Olivera‐Bravo, S., Vitureira, N., & Abudara, V. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-61312-0 · Cited by 8
“Then, hippocampi were dissected and placed in ice-cold arti fi cial cerebrospinal fl uid (ACSF) containing (in mM): NaCl 134; KCl 2.8; NaHCO 3 29; NaH 2 PO 4 1.1; glucose 12; MgSO 4 1.5; CaCl 2 2.5.”
InfluentialCognate interaction-dependent pathogenicity of meningeal B cells drives neuroinflammation relapse
Wang, Y., Xu, D., Liu, S., Li, H., Wang, Y., Li, H., Xu, H., & He, D. (2025) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2025.06.016 · Cited by 9
PIEZO1 Overexpression in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia Arteriovenous Malformations
Park, H., Lee, S., Furtado, J., Robinson, M. E., Antaya, R. J., Oh, S. P., Hong, Y., Schwartz, M. A., Young, L. H., & Eichmann, A. (2025) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.124.073630 · Cited by 8
Pericytes change function depending on glioblastoma vicinity: emphasis on immune regulation
Buizza, C., Carlsson, R., Gamper, C., Chitale, G. G., Bengzon, J., & Paul, G. (2025) · Molecular Oncology · doi:10.1002/1878-0261.70095 · Cited by 9
Biomechanical control of vascular morphogenesis by the surrounding stiffness
Hanada, Y., Halder, S., Arima, Y., Haruta, M., Ogoh, H., Ogura, S., Shiraki, Y., Nakano, S., Ozeki, Y., Fukuhara, S., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-61804-z · Cited by 8
Farahani, A., Liu, Z.-Q., Ceballos, E. G., Hansen, J. Y., Wennberg, K., Zeighami, Y., Dadar, M., Gauthier, C. J., Dagher, A., & Mišić, B. (2025) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3003277 · Cited by 13
“Second, we find that the perfusion score map is enriched for transcriptomic markers of endothelial cells and pericytes [23,105], both of which are principal constituents of the neurovascular unit [107,108].”
Huang, Y., Clementel, V. A., Zhang, M., Martinez, K., Martinez, K., Spillard, G., Torres-Sepulveda, C., Kisler, K., Coba, M. P., & Rust, R. (2026) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117285 · Cited by 9
Vargas, J. L. C., Belforte, N., Vidal-Paredes, I. A., Dotigny, F., Velde, C. V., Quintero, H., & Polo, A. D. (2025) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2025.09.037 · Cited by 8
“54,55 EC mitochondria, through changes in mtROS and physical proximity to the nucleus, can regulate gene transcription and protein expression.”
The stroke risk gene Foxf2 maintains brain endothelial cell function via Tie2 signaling
Völgyi, K., González-Gallego, J., Müller, S. A., Todorov, M. I., Şeker, F. B., Frerich, S., Cernilogar, F. M., Schröger, L., Malik, R., Cao, J., et al. (2025) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-025-02136-5 · Cited by 8
“We compared our scRNA-seq data to eight independent single-cell/single-nucleus RNA-seq datasets from the mouse and human brain 26,41–47 .”
Du, W., Ringer, M., Desai, D. A., Khandakar, G. I., Esqueda, L. T., Wang, C., Guan, J., Becker, R. C., Sadayappan, S., Fan, G., et al. (2025) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.124.071774 · Cited by 8
Gao, T., Chu, Q., Xing, X., Liu, Y., Fu, S., & Liu, D. (2026) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s588836 · Cited by 10
Capillary responses to functional and pathological activations rely on the capillary states at rest
Suzuki, H., Takeda, H., Takuwa, H., Ji, B., Higuchi, M., Kanno, I., & Masamoto, K. (2023) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x231156372 · Cited by 6
Davaapil, H., Hopkins, J., Bonnin, N., Papadaki, V., Leung, A., Kosuge, H., Tashima, T., Nakakido, M., Sekido, R., Tsumoto, K., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2023.1147625 · Cited by 9
Pericyte derivation and transplantation for blood-CNS barrier reconstitution in CNS disorders
Kim, H., Wu, K. L., Tam, K.-W., Chan, Y., & Shum, D. K. (2024) · IBRO Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.12.007 · Cited by 7
“However, single cell transcriptomics (scRNAseq) studies using human and mouse brains did not reveal such pericyte subtype, instead GLAST expression was found to be highly upregulated in astrocytes and perivascular fibroblasts (Gastfriend et al., 2021; Vanlandewijck et al., 2018).”
BackgroundBastedo, W. E., Scott, R. W., Arostegui, M., & Underhill, T. M. (2024) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/s12987-024-00535-7 · Cited by 6
“It would appear, given these comparisons, that the identified CP fibroblasts correspond to “Type II fibro-blasts” which are briefly mentioned in Vanlandewijck et al. [12].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialThe fibroblast epigenome underlies SS18::SSX-mediated transformation in synovial sarcoma
Hill, L. A., Scott, R. W., Martin, L., Arostegui, M., Davenport, G., Vemon, M., Hofvander, J., Wang, X. Q., Li, J., Nielsen, T. O., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-65850-5 · Cited by 8
Zhang, S., Wang, H. J., Li, J., Hu, X.-L., & Shen, Q. (2019) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhz337 · Cited by 8
Single-cell RNA Sequencing: In-depth Decoding of Heart Biology and Cardiovascular Diseases
Chen, Z., Liang, W., Duru, F., & Chen, L. (2020) · Current Genomics · doi:10.2174/1389202921999200604123914 · Cited by 8
“Moreover, scRNA-seq enables us to profile the whole transcriptomic landscape of various cell groups, identify previously unknown cell subtypes, elucidate the phenotypic transitions, unveil different cell fates, as well as confirm or expand previous knowledge of various organs and different systems [11-25].”
BackgroundRiew, T., Jin, X., Kim, S., Kim, H. L., & Lee, M. (2021) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s00441-021-03438-3 · Cited by 9
“However, our study is hitherto the first to directly compare and clarify the natural expression pattern of these two molecules at both the light- and electron-microscopic levels without using genetically modified animals (Armulik et al. 2011; He et al. 2016; Lindahl et al. 1997; Sweeney et al. 2016; Vanlandewijck et a…”
BackgroundKowalewska, P. M., Fletcher, J., Jackson, W. F., et al. (2022) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x221093432 · Cited by 7
“1 being the dominant subtype in cerebral SMCs, they do align with recent reports on single-cell RNA sequencing of cerebrovascular cells.(33,34) Specifically, this transcriptomic analysis revealed that Figure 6.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialKenney, H. M., Peng, Y. H., Bentley, K. L. D. M., Xing, L., Ritchlin, C. T., & Schwarz, E. M. (2023) · Current Rheumatology Reviews · doi:10.2174/1573397119666230127144711 · Cited by 7
Targeting Pericytes for Functional Recovery in Ischemic Stroke
Hu, S., Yang, B., Shu, S., He, X., Sang, H., Fan, X., & Zhang, H. (2023) · NeuroMolecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12017-023-08748-z · Cited by 7
“Interestingly, single-cell analyses later challenged this result suggesting such cells refer to fibroblast-like rather than pericytes (Vanlandewijck et al., 2018).”
Brain endothelium: a nexus for cerebral small vessel disease
Dichgans, M., Faraci, F. M., BRENDA Network, Betsholtz, C., Hillman, E. M. C., Joutel, A., Nelson, M. T., & Paquet, D. (2023) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehad526 · Cited by 7
Self-citationFerris, H. R., Stine, N. C., Hill‐Eubanks, D. C., Nelson, M. T., Wellman, G. C., & Koide, M. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms242216284 · Cited by 10
“Notch3 is a single transmembrane protein [21] that is predominantly expressed in SMCs and pericytes in the brain vasculature [22,23].”
Hermanto, Y., Maki, T., Takagi, Y., Miyamoto, S., & Takahashi, J. B. (2019) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.24413 · Cited by 8
“2 and SOX10, which confirmed their commitment to OL lineage (Figure 2g,h) and the ab‐ sence of brain perivascular cells (PDGFRA+/SOX10‐) (Vanlandewijck et al., 2018).”
BackgroundYoon, C., Qi, Y., Mestre, H., Canavesi, C., Marola, O. J., Cogliati, A., Nedergaard, M., Libby, R. T., & Rolland, J. P. (2019) · Biomedical Optics Express · doi:10.1364/boe.10.006242 · Cited by 7
Guebel, D. V., Torres, N. V., & Acebes, Á. (2021) · Biology Open · doi:10.1242/bio.057950 · Cited by 6
“Our approach was chosen because specific information for the human hippocampal vasculature is lacking, despite the great advances in the transcriptomics of the cerebral vasculature (Zhang et al., 2014; Vanlandewijck et al., 2018; Munji et al., 2019; Guo et al., 2019; Yousef et al., 2019; Zhao et al., 2020).”
BackgroundMethodDepletion of microglia mitigates cerebrovascular dysfunction in diet-induced obesity mice
Shen, Q. X., & Zhang, G. (2021) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00086.2021 · Cited by 7
Matsuo, R., Kishibe, M., Horiuchi, K., Kano, K., Tatsukawa, T., Hayasaka, T., Kabara, M., Iinuma, S., Eguchi, R., Igawa, S., et al. (2022) · JID Innovations · doi:10.1016/j.xjidi.2022.100141 · Cited by 8
Newly discovered base barrier cells provide compartmentalization of choroid plexus, brain and CSFPreprint
Verhaege, D., Nolf, C. D., Castelein, J., Claeys, W., Wonterghem, E. V., Imschoot, G. V., Dujardin, P., Spiegelaere, W. D., Hoste, E., Boone, F., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.07.08.601696 · Cited by 7
“Table 1) confirmed previously reported discriminatory markers for the various meningeal fibroblast subsets 10 , brain perivascular cells 15,17 and ependymal cells 19,20 .”
BackgroundForeman, K. L., Shusta, E. V., & Palecek, S. P. (2023) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-3287-1_10 · Cited by 5
Cortical plasticity is associated with blood–brain barrier modulation
Swissa, E., Monsonego, U., Yang, L. T., Schori, L., Kamintsky, L., Mirloo, S., Burger, I., Uzzan, S., Patel, R. A., Sudmant, P. H., et al. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.89611 · Cited by 11
Eyes on glutamate in angiogenesis and barrier formation
Hashimoto, Y., & Campbell, M. (2024) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2024.05.020 · Cited by 6
Transcriptional Responses of In Vitro Blood–Brain Barrier Models to Shear Stress
Foreman, K. L., Gastfriend, B. D., Katt, M. E., Palecek, S. P., & Shusta, E. V. (2025) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom15020193 · Cited by 7
“A low level of fluid flow ensured that the cells under low shear conditions (~0.5 dyne/cm 2 ) did not suffer nutrient or oxygen depletion over the 72 h treatment [32,71].”
InfluentialIQGAP2 regulates blood-brain barrier immune dynamics
Katdare, K. A., Kjar, A., O’Brown, N. M., Neal, E. H., Sorets, A. G., Shostak, A., Romero‐Fernandez, W., Kwiatkowski, A. J., Mlouk, K., Kim, H., et al. (2025) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2025.111994 · Cited by 8
“Clusters were annotated as arterial, capillary, or venous based on the expression of established marker gene sets [22].”
Jung, C., Han, J. W., Lee, S., Kim, K., Oh, J. E., Bae, S., Lee, S., Nam, Y., Kim, S., Dang, C., et al. (2025) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.124.070217 · Cited by 7
Cdc42 is crucial for mural cell migration, proliferation and patterning of the retinal vasculature
Álvarez-Aznar, A., Desai, M., Orlich, M. M., Vázquez-Liébanas, E., Adams, R. H., Brakebusch, C., & Gaengel, K. (2025) · Vascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.vph.2025.107472 · Cited by 7
“In the central nervous system, pericytes express a plethora of transporters required to sustain homeostasis at the neurovascular unit and maintain the stability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) [1].”
Chen, L., Hao, Y., Zhai, T., Yang, F., Chen, S., Lin, X., & Li, J. (2025) · Cancer Informatics · doi:10.1177/11769351251323569 · Cited by 6
Pareja, J. R., Aydin, S., Zbinden, M., Bouillet, E., Zollinger, N., Theivendram, V., Fahmi, A., Pleskač, P., Barcos, S., Paas, F., et al. (2025) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-025-02021-z · Cited by 7
“Analysis of publicly available transcriptional profiling datasets from both mouse [12, 24, 50, 64, 67, 68] and human brains [66, 68] revealed that Jam2 is expressed in a small fraction of leptomeningeal fibroblasts in mice.”
CD2AP at the junction of nephropathy and Alzheimer’s disease
Vandal, M., Janmaleki, M., Rea, I. M., Gunn, C., Hirai, S., Biernaskie, J. A., Chun, J., Gordon, G. R., Shaw, A. S., Sanati‐Nezhad, A., et al. (2025) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-025-00852-x · Cited by 9
Sorets, A. G., Schwensen, K. R., Francini, N., Kjar, A., Abdulrahman, A. M., Shostak, A., Katdare, K. A., Schoch, K. M., Cowell, R. P., Park, J. C., et al. (2025) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkaf600 · Cited by 6
“Here, we used an siRNA sequence targeting Ppib because this gene is abundantly and ubiquitously expressed across CNS cell types [ 27 ].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Vanlandewijck, M., He, L., Mäe, M. A., Andrae, J., Ando, K., Del Gaudio, F., Nahar, K., Lebouvier, T., Laviña, B., Gouveia, L., Sun, Y., Raschperger, E., Räsänen, M., Zarb, Y., Mochizuki, N., Keller, A., Lendahl, U., & Betsholtz, C.
- Affiliations
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (CN)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Betsholtz, Christer
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2018-02-14
- Volume
- 554
- Issue
- 7693
- Pages
- 475-480
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2786318872
- Semantic Scholar
- 237e37a314d2faef1d389b147614e8fa550a3087
- Cited by
- 1,892
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 197 · 2025: 244 · 2024: 275 · 2023: 234 · 2022: 258 · 2021: 271 · 2020: 222 · 2019: 125 · 2018: 65
- FWCI
- 74.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2018-06-20)
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (159514)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Cerebrovascular and genetic disorders
- Keywords
- cerebral vasculature, blood-brain barrier, endothelial cells, mural cells, pericytes, smooth muscle cells, perivascular cells, single-cell transcriptomics, cerebrovascular disease, mouse brain
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Arteries, Arterioles, Blood Vessels, Brain, Capillaries, Female, Fibroblasts, Male, Organ Specificity, Veins, Pericytes, Myocytes, Smooth Muscle, Endothelial Cells, Mice, Single-Cell Analysis, Transcriptome
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