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A molecular atlas of cell types and zonation in the brain vasculature
Open accessAbstract
Cerebrovascular disease is the third most common cause of death in developed countries, but our understanding of the cells that compose the cerebral vasculature is limited. Here, using vascular single-cell transcriptomics, we provide molecular definitions for the principal types of blood vascular and vessel-associated cells in the adult mouse brain. We uncover the transcriptional basis of the gradual phenotypic change (zonation) along the arteriovenous axis and reveal unexpected cell type differences: a seamless continuum for endothelial cells versus a punctuated continuum for mural cells. We also provide insight into pericyte organotypicity and define a population of perivascular fibroblast-like cells that are present on all vessel types except capillaries. Our work illustrates the power of single-cell transcriptomics to decode the higher organizational principles of a tissue and may provide the initial chapter in a molecular encyclopaedia of the mammalian vasculature.
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In the citing paper
“many of which were well documented61–66.”
From A high-resolution transcriptomic and spatial atlas of cell types in the whole mouse brain (2023) · cites this paper as [64]
In the citing paper
“We identified endothelial ICs (Figure 2E) with strong contributions from genes with arterial (IC 5 and 20) and veinous (IC 3 and 12) expression, suggesting heterogeneity related to vessel type”
From Molecular diversity and specializations among the cells of the adult mouse brain (2018) · cites this paper as Vanlandewijck et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“These genes (e.g. Tm4sf1 and Slc38a5) showed continuous, reciprocal expression (Data S4G), consistent with the smooth molecular transitions described for endothelial cells associated with arteries or veins”
From Molecular diversity and specializations among the cells of the adult mouse brain (2018) · cites this paper as Vanlandewijck et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“IC 19 represented this difference in a graded rather than categorical way, as Rgs5/Acta2 expression and IC cell scores were continuously, rather than bimodally, distributed across these cells”
From Molecular diversity and specializations among the cells of the adult mouse brain (2018) · cites this paper as Vanlandewijck et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“Among SMA cells, Acta2 expression correlates with a veinous versus arterial distribution”
From Molecular diversity and specializations among the cells of the adult mouse brain (2018) · cites this paper as Vanlandewijck et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“A single IC (IC 13) appeared to encode this distinction, with pericyte marker Vtn as the strongest loading gene”
From Molecular diversity and specializations among the cells of the adult mouse brain (2018) · cites this paper as Vanlandewijck et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“Like Vanlandewijck et al., we observed (Figure 5) distinct endothelial cell types carrying known arterial (e.g., Bmx; VECA) and venous (Slc38a5; VECV) markers, as well as capillary endothelial cells (VECC) expressing Meox1.”
From Molecular Architecture of the Mouse Nervous System (2018) · cites this paper as Vanlandewijck et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“Vanlandewijck et al. described two brain fibroblast-like cell types expressing fibril-forming collagens (e.g., Col1a1, Col1a2), collagen fiber crosslinking proteins (Lum, Dcn), and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha, Pdgfra, which was interposed between astrocyte endfeet and vascular endothelial cells.”
From Molecular Architecture of the Mouse Nervous System (2018) · cites this paper as Vanlandewijck et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“In vivo, αSMA and calponin expression are restricted to mural cells along brain arterioles and arteries [38], however, these markers are often upregulated during culture [39], complicating identification of pericytes.”
From Role of iPSC-derived pericytes on barrier function of iPSC-derived brain microvascular endothelial cells in 2D and 3D (2019) · cites this paper as [38]
In the citing paper
“APOE in the brain is primarily synthesized by astrocytes and microglia, as indicated by a recent single cell RNA-seq study in the mouse (610).”
From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [610]
In the citing paper
“Pericytes, SMCs, and endothelial cells express thousands of transcripts encoding different transporters, receptors, active efflux pumps, ion channels, and regulatory molecules (28, 72, 86, 129, 242, 358, 359, 610, 675, 678), whose expression pattern varies by zonation along the arteriocapillary-venous axis and cell type (610).”
From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [610]
In the citing paper
“In contrast to the BBB endothelium's gradual phenotypic change along the arteriovenous axis, mural cells formed two distinct groups comprising pericyte and venous SMCs, and arterial and arteriole SMCs (610).”
From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [610]
In the citing paper
“Briefly, this study is the first to report that at the BBB endothelium transcription factors predominated at arteries and arterioles, transporters predominated capillaries and veins, and ribosomal proteins indicative of protein synthesis were spread along the arteriovenous axis (610), yielding important insights to biological functions and endothelial specialization along the brain vasculature”
From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [610]
In the citing paper
“According to a transcriptomic analysis of cells in the vasculature, Plcg2 seems to be expressed in certain subtypes of endothelial cells, although at lower level than compared to microglia (http://betsholtzlab.org/VascularSingleCells/database.html [43]).”
From Alzheimer’s disease phospholipase C-gamma-2 (PLCG2) protective variant is a functional hypermorph (2019) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“we used an siRNA sequence targeting Ppib because this gene is abundantly and ubiquitously expressed across CNS cell types [27].”
From Elucidating brain transport pathways and cell type-dependent gene silencing of a durable lipid–siRNA conjugate administered into cerebrospinal fluid (2025) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“Here, we used an siRNA sequence targeting Ppib because this gene is abundantly and ubiquitously expressed across CNS cell types.34”
From Lipid-siRNA conjugate accesses a perivascular transport mechanism and achieves widespread and durable knockdown in the central nervous system (2024) · cites this paper as [34]
In the citing paper
“WAVE2 is expressed at high levels in microglia and vascular endothelial cells14,15.”
From The WAVE complex in developmental and adulthood brain disorders (2025) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“In addition to astrocytes and microglia, other cell types in the brain have been reported to produce ApoE under different conditions. These cells include oligodendrocytes, pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, perivascular fibroblasts, and perivascular macrophages [107–109].”
From ApoE lipoproteins in the central nervous system under homeostasis and role in Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders (2026) · cites this paper as [108]
In the citing paper
“PDGFRβ expression in pericytes is noticeably higher than in SMCs18,25,26.”
From Blood–brain barrier breakdown is an early biomarker of human cognitive dysfunction (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Based on marker gene enrichment (Table S1), Endo.1 may correspond to endothelial capillary cells, Endo.2 to venous endothelial cells, and Endo.3 to arterial endothelial cells (Vanlandewijck et al., 2018).”
From Single-Cell Analysis of Regional Differences in Adult V-SVZ Neural Stem Cell Lineages (2019) · cites this paper as Vanlandewijck et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“We spatially mapped the developing arterio-venous zonation in the embryonic LV ChP in whole explants by combining the pan-endothelial marker PECAM1 with markers for arteries (Acta2+, Vwf+) and veins (Acta2−, Vwf+) (Vanlandewijck et al., 2018).”
From A cellular and spatial map of the choroid plexus across brain ventricles and ages (2021) · cites this paper as Vanlandewijck et al., 2018
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Xiang, M., Grosso, R. A., Takeda, A., Pan, J., Bekkhus, T., Brulois, K., Đermadi, D., Nordling, S., Vanlandewijck, M., Jalkanen, S., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2019.12.31.892166 · Cited by 15
Self-citationPericytes as Key Players in Retinal Diseases: A Comprehensive Narrative Review
D’Esposito, F., Cappellani, F., Visalli, F., Capobianco, M., Rapisarda, L., Avitabile, A., Cannizzaro, L., Malaguarnera, R., Gagliano, G., Maniaci, A., et al. (2025) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology14070736 · Cited by 15
“The field of ocular pericytes has shown unanticipated heterogeneity due to the development of single-cell RNA sequencing and improved lineage tracing tools [15].”
González-Gallego, J., Völgyi, K., Müller, S. A., Antesberger, S., Todorov, M. I., Malik, R., Grimalt-Mirada, R., Gonçalves, C. C., Schifferer, M., Kislinger, G., et al. (2025) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-025-02123-w · Cited by 20
“As FOXF2 is strongly expressed in ECs 33,44 , we further differentiated the iPS cells into iECs to study FOXF2 deletion.”
Base barrier cells provide compartmentalization of choroid plexus, brain and CSF
Verhaege, D., Nolf, C. D., Acker, L. V., Claeys, W., Castelein, J., Wonterghem, E. V., Imschoot, G. V., Dujardin, P., Spiegelaere, W. D., Hoste, E., et al. (2026) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-025-02188-7 · Cited by 24
In vivo imaging for neurovascular disease research
Yoon, J., & Jeong, Y. (2019) · Archives of Pharmacal Research · doi:10.1007/s12272-019-01128-x · Cited by 13
A nuclear fluorescent dye identifies pericytes at the neurovascular unit
Mai-Morente, S., Marset, V. M., Blanco, F., Isasi, E., & Abudara, V. (2020) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.15193 · Cited by 15
“Interestingly, recent papers have proposed that pericytes may use alternative contractile proteins (Nelson et al., 2020; Hartmann et al., 2020 Preprint) expressed by them as determined by transcriptomic studies (He et al., 2018; Vanlandewijck et al., 2018).”
BackgroundIsasi, E., Figares, M., Abudara, V., & Olivera‐Bravo, S. (2022) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-022-02798-3 · Cited by 16
“In addition, pannexins 1 and 2 may also be expressed in pericytes from mouse brain [54, 55].”
BackgroundGarré, J. M., Bukauskas, F. F., & Bennett, M. V. L. (2022) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.24250 · Cited by 14
“In the central nervous system (CNS) these proteins are detected in neurons, glial cells, pericytes, and endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells (Giaume et al., 2021; Mai-Morente et al., 2021; Nagy et al., 2018; Nagy & Rash, 2000; Vanlandewijck et al., 2018).”
BackgroundExtracellular matrix proteins in construction and function of in vitro blood-brain barrier models
Du, F., Shusta, E. V., & Palecek, S. P. (2023) · Frontiers in Chemical Engineering · doi:10.3389/fceng.2023.1130127 · Cited by 17
Kuo, P., Weng, W., Scofield, B. A., Paraiso, H. C., Bojrab, P., Kimes, B., Yu, I.-C. I., & Yen, J.-H. J. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1148069 · Cited by 14
“Since IFNAR1 is highly expressed in brain endothelial cells (57, 58), it is possible that IFNb acts on brain endothelial cells to offer partial protection in MG-specific IFNAR1 knockdownMCAOmice subjected to delayed tPA treatment.”
BackgroundProtzmann, J., Jung, F., Jakobsson, L., et al. (2024) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/s12987-024-00537-5 · Cited by 14
“This is of interest since cells in the neurovascular unit, which establish the BBB, show both transcriptional and phenotypic differences along the AV axis likely reflecting functional specifications [37].”
BackgroundLee, E. J., Bae, S., Suh, M., Choi, Y., Choi, Y., Hwang, D. W., & Lee, D. S. (2024) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-024-10434-8 · Cited by 15
“…and their lymphatics, and cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) to the brain parenchyma [1–14] and/or by another pathway from the choroidal plexus (CP) cap-illary-stroma-epithelium and CSF to brain parenchyma [15–19] in addition to by the classic pathway of crossing the blood‒brain barrier (BBB) [20–23].”
BackgroundOrgan Evolution: Emergence of Multicellular Function
Parker, J. (2024) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-111822-121620 · Cited by 16
“Enterocytes are functionally and transcriptomically zonated along small intestinal villi (Moor et al. 2018), as are vascular endothelial cells along the arteriovenous axes of blood vessels in the mouse brain (Vanlandewijck et al. 2018).”
BackgroundAdenylyl cyclase 2 expression and function in neurological diseases
Gray, M., Nash, K. R., & Yao, Y. (2024) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.14880 · Cited by 14
VLDLR mediates Semliki Forest virus neuroinvasion through the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier
Martikainen, M. W., Lugano, R., Pietilä, I., Brosch, S., Cabrolier, C., Sivaramakrishnan, A., Ramachandran, M., Yu, D., Dimberg, A., & Essand, M. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-55493-3 · Cited by 14
Hohsfield, L. A., Kim, S., Barahona, R. A., Henningfield, C. M., Mansour, K., Vallejo, K., Tsourmas, K. I., Kwang, N. E., Ghorbanian, Y., Angulo, J. A. A., et al. (2025) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2025.05.004 · Cited by 17
Pieterse, Z., Sinha, D., & Kaur, P. (2019) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-16908-4_5 · Cited by 14
Goldeman, C., Ozgür, B., & Brodin, B. (2020) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/s12987-020-00193-5 · Cited by 15
Molecular taxonomy of the primate amygdala via single-nucleus RNA sequencing analysis
Zhang, L., Cheng, Y., Wu, S., Lu, Y., Xue, Z., Chen, X., Chen, D., Zhang, B., Qiu, Z., & Jiang, H. (2021) · 中国科学通报：英文版 · doi:10.1016/j.scib.2021.01.017 · Cited by 13
Ghadge, S. K., Messner, M., Seiringer, H., Maurer, T., Staggl, S., Zeller, T., Müller, C., Börnigen, D., Weninger, W. J., Geyer, S. H., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22115908 · Cited by 13
Ritso, M., Tung, L. W., & Rossi, F. M. V. (2021) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112947 · Cited by 14
Infection metallomics for critical care in the post‐COVID era
Patil, R. H., Luptáková, D., & Havlı́ček, V. (2021) · Mass Spectrometry Reviews · doi:10.1002/mas.21755 · Cited by 15
Gradual Not Sudden Change: Multiple Sites of Functional Transition Across the Microvascular Bed
Shaw, K., Boyd, K., Anderle, S., Hammond‐Haley, M., Amin, D., Bonnar, O., & Hall, C. N. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.779823 · Cited by 14
Kapuria, S., Bai, H., Fierros, J., Huang, Y., Ma, F., Yoshida, T., Aguayo, A., Kok, F. O., Wiens, K. M., Yip, J. K., et al. (2022) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.199752 · Cited by 13
Self-citationhsa-miR-518-5p/hsa-miR-3135b Regulates the REL/SOD2 Pathway in Ischemic Cerebral Infarction
Zhao, B., & Jiang, X. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.852013 · Cited by 14
“The GSE98816, an scRNA-seq collection, contains transcriptomic information of 3,186 cells derived from mouse cerebrovascular tissue (17).”
BackgroundAngiogenesis goes computational – The future way forward to discover new angiogenic targets?
Subramanian, A., Zakeri, P., Mousa, M., Alnaqbi, H., Alshamsi, F. Y., Bettoni, L., Damiani, E., AlSafar, H. S., Saeys, Y., & Carmeliet, P. (2022) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2022.09.019 · Cited by 12
“Similar atlases focused on adult, healthy (human/murine) organs like the liver [14], heart [15], brain [16], lung [17] and kidney [18] were able to identify distinct EC subpopulations.”
BackgroundShi, Y., Kim, H., Hamann, C. A., Rhea, E. M., Brunger, J. M., & Lippmann, E. S. (2022) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/s12987-022-00375-3 · Cited by 14
“Further, SLC7A1 is highly and selectively expressed in brain endothelial cells with respect to other neurovascular cell types in single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets [66], and CAT-1 has previously been shown to be functionally active in iPSCderived BBB models [68, 69], marking it as an interesting candidate for further…”
BackgroundResultIdentification of Clinically Relevant Brain Endothelial Cell Biomarkers in Plasma
Cordon, J., Duggan, M. R., Gómez, G., Pucha, K. A., Peng, Z., Dark, H. E., Davatzikos, C. A., Erus, G., Lewis, A., Moghekar, A., et al. (2023) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.123.043908 · Cited by 11
Sengupta, A., Patel, P. A., Yuldasheva, N. Y., Mughal, R. S., Galloway, S. L., Viswambharan, H., Walker, A. M., Aziz, A., Smith, J., Ali, N., et al. (2018) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2018-00215 · Cited by 14
“Indeed, recent work suggests greater expression of the insulin receptor in the cerebral vs pulmonary vascular beds, although with broadly stable expression in microvascular and macrovascular endothelial cells within these beds (41, 42).”
BackgroundPericytes in Primary Familial Brain Calcification
Zarb, Y., Franzoso, F. D., & Keller, A. (2019) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-16908-4_11 · Cited by 14
Self-citationLiu, Y., Li, X., Cao, C., Ding, H., Shi, X., Zhang, J., & Li, H. (2024) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x241264401 · Cited by 14
“We identified 15 cell types, corroborated by previously published marker genes 20,21,35–40 (Figure 2(b)).”
Intracranial AAV administration dose-dependently recruits B cells to inhibit the AAV redosing
Xu, Y., Bai, X., Lin, J., Lu, K., Weng, S., Wu, Y., Liu, S., Li, H., Wu, Z., Chen, G., et al. (2025) · Molecular Therapy — Methods & Clinical Development · doi:10.1016/j.omtm.2025.101420 · Cited by 15
García, F., & Heiman, M. (2025) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-025-00799-z · Cited by 14
“However, with the advent of a single cell atlas of the mouse cerebrovasculature, a framework for studying the molecular profiles of cerebrovascular cell types has been recently established [15].”
Assessing central nervous system drug delivery
Hammarlund‐Udenaes, M., & Loryan, I. (2025) · Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery · doi:10.1080/17425247.2025.2462767 · Cited by 17
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion induces venous dysfunction via EPAS1 regulation in mice
Wazny, V. K., Mahadevan, A., Nguyen, N. L. U., Wee, H. S.-A., Vipin, A., Lam, T., Tay, K. Y., See, J.-X., Sandhu, G. K., Leow, Y. J., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-61614-3 · Cited by 15
“We employed AUCell (v. 1.12.0) to assign individual endothelial cells into distinct subtypes based on expression pro fi les of arteriovenous zonation-dependent genes 4 .”
InfluentialBiochemical signals from the extracellular matrix in inflammation and tumour immunology
Sorokin, L. M. (2026) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-025-01248-0 · Cited by 14
Testa, U., Castelli, G., & Pelosi, E. (2020) · Stem Cell Investigation · doi:10.21037/sci.2020.03.02 · Cited by 12
“These studies imply also the existence of a consistent heterogeneity of endothelial cells, as supported by functional (206) and single-cell transcriptomic studies (207).”
ResultWinkler, E. A., Pacult, M. A., Catapano, J. S., Scherschinski, L., Srinivasan, V. M., Graffeo, C. S., Oh, S. P., & Lawton, M. T. (2022) · Neurosurgical FOCUS · doi:10.3171/2022.4.focus2291 · Cited by 15
Exploring the heterogeneous transcriptional response of the CNS to systemic LPS and Poly(I:C)
Bormann, D., Copic, D., Klas, K., Direder, M., Riedl, C. J., Testa, G., Kühtreiber, H., Poreba, E., Hametner, S., Golabi, B., et al. (2023) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106339 · Cited by 11
“…purified brain vascular cells, unveiled a remarkable heterogeneity of endothelial, pericyte and mural cell populations (Jeong et al., 2022; Vanlandewijck et al., 2018), as well as an endothelial subtype-dependent responsiveness to neuro-inflammation in EAE models (Jeong et al., 2022;…”
Gastfriend, B. D., Snyder, M. E., Holt, H., Daneman, R., Palecek, S. P., & Shusta, E. V. (2024) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adi1737 · Cited by 16
Ahuja, S., Adjekukor, C., Li, Q., Kocha, K. M., Rosin, N. L., Labit, E., Sinha, S., Narang, A., Long, Q., Biernaskie, J. A., et al. (2024) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3002590 · Cited by 13
Gaudio, I. D., Nitzsche, A., Boyé, K., Bonnin, P., Poulet, M., Nguyen, Q. T., Couty, L., Ha, H. T. T., Nguyen, D. T., Cazenave‐Gassiot, A., et al. (2024) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvae168 · Cited by 13
Glial ‘omics in ischemia: Acute stroke and chronic cerebral small vessel disease
McDonough, A., & Weinstein, J. R. (2024) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.24634 · Cited by 14
Onyeogaziri, F. C., Smith, R., Arce, M., Huang, H., Erzar, I., Rorsman, C., Malinverno, M., Orsenigo, F., Sundell, V., Fernando, D., et al. (2024) · Nature Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1038/s44161-024-00577-y · Cited by 18
“The violin plots of Padi4 and Padi2 (genes encoding PAD4 and PAD2) expression in mouse brain were generated with the Seurat package for R from publicly available datasets on mouse cerebellar single-nucleus RNA-seq 38 and mouse brain vascular and perivascular single-cell RNA-seq 39,40 .”
InfluentialFibroblastic reticular cells form reactive myeloid cell niches in human lymph nodes
Lütge, M., Kurz, L., Stanossek, Y., Meili, S., Cheng, H., Martin, A. D., Brandstadter, J. D., Maillard, I. P., Robinson, M. D., Stoeckli, S. J., et al. (2025) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.ads6820 · Cited by 14
Endothelial Semaphorin 3fb regulates Vegf pathway-mediated angiogenic sprouting
Watterston, C., Halabi, R. R., McFarlane, S., & Childs, S. J. (2021) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1009769 · Cited by 13
“Sema3F is highly expressed by cultured human and mouse endothelial cells [27–30] and in endothelial cells in scRNAseq databases [31,32].”
BackgroundRegulation of the Muscarinic M3 Receptor by Myocardin-Related Transcription Factors
Liu, L., Rippe, C., Hansson, O., Kryvokhyzha, D., Fisher, S. A., Ekman, M., & Swärd, K. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.710968 · Cited by 12
Meta-Analysis Reveals Transcription Factor Upregulation in Cells of Injured Mouse Sciatic Nerve
Li, M., Banton, M. C., Min, Q., Parkinson, D. B., & Dun, X. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2021.688243 · Cited by 13
Mesa‐Ciller, C., Turiel, G., Guajardo-Grence, A., López-Rodríguez, A. B., Egea, J., Bock, K. D., Aragonés, J., & Urrutia, A. A. (2022) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x221118236 · Cited by 13
“Smooth muscle cells on the other hand are found in higher caliber vessels, have a ring-shaped form and express a variable amount of a-SMA depending on whether they are located in arteries, arterioles or pre-capilary arterioles.(20,22,28) We show that among mural cells, NDUFA4L2 expression is most robustlty expressed i…”
BackgroundMethodSten, S., Elinder, F., Cedersund, G., & Engström, M. (2020) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116827 · Cited by 12
MAFB modulates the maturation of lymphatic vascular networks in mice
Rondon-Galeano, M. C., Skoczylas, R., Bower, N. I., et al. (2020) · Developmental Dynamics · doi:10.1002/dvdy.209 · Cited by 13
“This observation of broad expression in multiple cell types in lung, that include endothelial cells, is consistent with recently published single cell sequencing atlas data.(38,39) Type I pneumocytes cover approximately 95% of the alveolar surface,(40,41) Type II pneumocytes (composed of surfactant in the center of th…”
ResultZavvarian, M.-M., Hong, J., Khazaei, M., Chio, J. C. T., Wang, J., Badner, A., & Fehlings, M. G. (2021) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom11070972 · Cited by 13
“Furthermore, Cdh5 is predominantly and almost exclusively expressed in endothelial cells [70], so the reduced endothelial-specific Cdh5 expression further supports the impact of midostaurin on the endothelium and cervical BSCB after injury.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Vanlandewijck, M., He, L., Mäe, M. A., Andrae, J., Ando, K., Del Gaudio, F., Nahar, K., Lebouvier, T., Laviña, B., Gouveia, L., Sun, Y., Raschperger, E., Räsänen, M., Zarb, Y., Mochizuki, N., Keller, A., Lendahl, U., & Betsholtz, C.
- Affiliations
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (CN)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Betsholtz, Christer
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2018-02-14
- Volume
- 554
- Issue
- 7693
- Pages
- 475-480
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2786318872
- Semantic Scholar
- 237e37a314d2faef1d389b147614e8fa550a3087
- Cited by
- 1,892
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 197 · 2025: 244 · 2024: 275 · 2023: 234 · 2022: 258 · 2021: 271 · 2020: 222 · 2019: 125 · 2018: 65
- FWCI
- 74.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2018-06-20)
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (159514)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Cerebrovascular and genetic disorders
- Keywords
- cerebral vasculature, blood-brain barrier, endothelial cells, mural cells, pericytes, smooth muscle cells, perivascular cells, single-cell transcriptomics, cerebrovascular disease, mouse brain
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Arteries, Arterioles, Blood Vessels, Brain, Capillaries, Female, Fibroblasts, Male, Organ Specificity, Veins, Pericytes, Myocytes, Smooth Muscle, Endothelial Cells, Mice, Single-Cell Analysis, Transcriptome
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