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A molecular atlas of cell types and zonation in the brain vasculature
Open accessAbstract
Cerebrovascular disease is the third most common cause of death in developed countries, but our understanding of the cells that compose the cerebral vasculature is limited. Here, using vascular single-cell transcriptomics, we provide molecular definitions for the principal types of blood vascular and vessel-associated cells in the adult mouse brain. We uncover the transcriptional basis of the gradual phenotypic change (zonation) along the arteriovenous axis and reveal unexpected cell type differences: a seamless continuum for endothelial cells versus a punctuated continuum for mural cells. We also provide insight into pericyte organotypicity and define a population of perivascular fibroblast-like cells that are present on all vessel types except capillaries. Our work illustrates the power of single-cell transcriptomics to decode the higher organizational principles of a tissue and may provide the initial chapter in a molecular encyclopaedia of the mammalian vasculature.
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In the citing paper
“many of which were well documented61–66.”
From A high-resolution transcriptomic and spatial atlas of cell types in the whole mouse brain (2023) · cites this paper as [64]
In the citing paper
“We identified endothelial ICs (Figure 2E) with strong contributions from genes with arterial (IC 5 and 20) and veinous (IC 3 and 12) expression, suggesting heterogeneity related to vessel type”
From Molecular diversity and specializations among the cells of the adult mouse brain (2018) · cites this paper as Vanlandewijck et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“These genes (e.g. Tm4sf1 and Slc38a5) showed continuous, reciprocal expression (Data S4G), consistent with the smooth molecular transitions described for endothelial cells associated with arteries or veins”
From Molecular diversity and specializations among the cells of the adult mouse brain (2018) · cites this paper as Vanlandewijck et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“IC 19 represented this difference in a graded rather than categorical way, as Rgs5/Acta2 expression and IC cell scores were continuously, rather than bimodally, distributed across these cells”
From Molecular diversity and specializations among the cells of the adult mouse brain (2018) · cites this paper as Vanlandewijck et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“Among SMA cells, Acta2 expression correlates with a veinous versus arterial distribution”
From Molecular diversity and specializations among the cells of the adult mouse brain (2018) · cites this paper as Vanlandewijck et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“A single IC (IC 13) appeared to encode this distinction, with pericyte marker Vtn as the strongest loading gene”
From Molecular diversity and specializations among the cells of the adult mouse brain (2018) · cites this paper as Vanlandewijck et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“Like Vanlandewijck et al., we observed (Figure 5) distinct endothelial cell types carrying known arterial (e.g., Bmx; VECA) and venous (Slc38a5; VECV) markers, as well as capillary endothelial cells (VECC) expressing Meox1.”
From Molecular Architecture of the Mouse Nervous System (2018) · cites this paper as Vanlandewijck et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“Vanlandewijck et al. described two brain fibroblast-like cell types expressing fibril-forming collagens (e.g., Col1a1, Col1a2), collagen fiber crosslinking proteins (Lum, Dcn), and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha, Pdgfra, which was interposed between astrocyte endfeet and vascular endothelial cells.”
From Molecular Architecture of the Mouse Nervous System (2018) · cites this paper as Vanlandewijck et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“In vivo, αSMA and calponin expression are restricted to mural cells along brain arterioles and arteries [38], however, these markers are often upregulated during culture [39], complicating identification of pericytes.”
From Role of iPSC-derived pericytes on barrier function of iPSC-derived brain microvascular endothelial cells in 2D and 3D (2019) · cites this paper as [38]
In the citing paper
“APOE in the brain is primarily synthesized by astrocytes and microglia, as indicated by a recent single cell RNA-seq study in the mouse (610).”
From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [610]
In the citing paper
“Pericytes, SMCs, and endothelial cells express thousands of transcripts encoding different transporters, receptors, active efflux pumps, ion channels, and regulatory molecules (28, 72, 86, 129, 242, 358, 359, 610, 675, 678), whose expression pattern varies by zonation along the arteriocapillary-venous axis and cell type (610).”
From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [610]
In the citing paper
“In contrast to the BBB endothelium's gradual phenotypic change along the arteriovenous axis, mural cells formed two distinct groups comprising pericyte and venous SMCs, and arterial and arteriole SMCs (610).”
From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [610]
In the citing paper
“Briefly, this study is the first to report that at the BBB endothelium transcription factors predominated at arteries and arterioles, transporters predominated capillaries and veins, and ribosomal proteins indicative of protein synthesis were spread along the arteriovenous axis (610), yielding important insights to biological functions and endothelial specialization along the brain vasculature”
From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [610]
In the citing paper
“According to a transcriptomic analysis of cells in the vasculature, Plcg2 seems to be expressed in certain subtypes of endothelial cells, although at lower level than compared to microglia (http://betsholtzlab.org/VascularSingleCells/database.html [43]).”
From Alzheimer’s disease phospholipase C-gamma-2 (PLCG2) protective variant is a functional hypermorph (2019) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“we used an siRNA sequence targeting Ppib because this gene is abundantly and ubiquitously expressed across CNS cell types [27].”
From Elucidating brain transport pathways and cell type-dependent gene silencing of a durable lipid–siRNA conjugate administered into cerebrospinal fluid (2025) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“Here, we used an siRNA sequence targeting Ppib because this gene is abundantly and ubiquitously expressed across CNS cell types.34”
From Lipid-siRNA conjugate accesses a perivascular transport mechanism and achieves widespread and durable knockdown in the central nervous system (2024) · cites this paper as [34]
In the citing paper
“WAVE2 is expressed at high levels in microglia and vascular endothelial cells14,15.”
From The WAVE complex in developmental and adulthood brain disorders (2025) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“In addition to astrocytes and microglia, other cell types in the brain have been reported to produce ApoE under different conditions. These cells include oligodendrocytes, pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, perivascular fibroblasts, and perivascular macrophages [107–109].”
From ApoE lipoproteins in the central nervous system under homeostasis and role in Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders (2026) · cites this paper as [108]
In the citing paper
“PDGFRβ expression in pericytes is noticeably higher than in SMCs18,25,26.”
From Blood–brain barrier breakdown is an early biomarker of human cognitive dysfunction (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Based on marker gene enrichment (Table S1), Endo.1 may correspond to endothelial capillary cells, Endo.2 to venous endothelial cells, and Endo.3 to arterial endothelial cells (Vanlandewijck et al., 2018).”
From Single-Cell Analysis of Regional Differences in Adult V-SVZ Neural Stem Cell Lineages (2019) · cites this paper as Vanlandewijck et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“We spatially mapped the developing arterio-venous zonation in the embryonic LV ChP in whole explants by combining the pan-endothelial marker PECAM1 with markers for arteries (Acta2+, Vwf+) and veins (Acta2−, Vwf+) (Vanlandewijck et al., 2018).”
From A cellular and spatial map of the choroid plexus across brain ventricles and ages (2021) · cites this paper as Vanlandewijck et al., 2018
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“…Figure 6A and supported by some previous research, capillary pericytes do not express measurable smoothmuscleactin(SMA),theprimaryfilamentproteinresponsible for constriction in smooth muscle cells and contractile pericytes (Gonzales et al., 2020; Hartmann et al., 2021; Vanlandewijck et al., 2018).”
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“In adult mice, astrocyte-secreted WNT7a and WNT7b are required for BBB maintenance 11,144,162 .”
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“Additional endothelial cell heterogeneity is found in differences revealed by single-cell analysis of gene expression (scRNA-seq) (Becker et al. 2022; Betsholtz 2022; He et al. 2018; Huang et al. 2021; Kalluri et al. 2019; Kalucka et al. 2020; Vanlandewijck et al. 2018).”
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“…which presumably affect each other through reciprocal interactions [16]. scRNA-seq allows accurate analysis of the gene expression profles of different types of brain cells at the single-cell level, and has been widely used to analyze physiological and pathological signatures of BBB [17–22].”
Liu, X., Chapple, R. H., Bennett, D., Wright, W. C., Sanjali, A., Culp, E., Zhang, Y., Pan, M., & Geeleher, P. (2025) · Cell Genomics · doi:10.1016/j.xgen.2024.100739 · Cited by 6
“Indeed, three of the 20 recovered GEPs ranked the median capillary marker gene (of Mfsd2a , Slc16a1 , Tfrc , genes defined by Vanlandewijick et al. 55 ; Table S4) within the top 100 gene weights, and four other GEPs did the same for the arterial marker genes ( Bmx , Gkn3 , Vegfc , Efnb2 , Sema3g ; Table S4).”
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Kang, M., Nasrolahi, A., Cheng, F., & Yao, Y. (2025) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.70247 · Cited by 5
Tan, G., Wang, J., Xing, W., et al. (2025) · Microvascular Research · doi:10.1016/j.mvr.2025.104816 · Cited by 5
Arndt, P., Morton, L., Briese, M., Lämmlin, N., Mattern, H., Hasanuzzaman, M., Westhues, M., Khoshneviszadeh, M., Appenzeller, S., Gündel, D., et al. (2025) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.125.040710 · Cited by 9
Joseph-Pauline, S., Morrison, N. J., Braccia, M., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.780707 · Cited by 5
Brain metastases: Not all tumors are created equal
Kirschenbaum, D. S., & Amit, I. (2022) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2022.03.027 · Cited by 5
Molecular analysis of vascular gene expression
van der Ent, M. A., Svilar, D., & Cleuren, A. C. A. (2022) · Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1002/rth2.12718 · Cited by 5
Applications of single‐cell multi‐omics sequencing in deep understanding of brain diseases
Zhang, X., Lü, P., & Shen, X. (2022) · Clinical and Translational Discovery · doi:10.1002/ctd2.95 · Cited by 6
Zhang, Y., Ren, Y., Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Xu, C., Peng, Z., Jia, Y., Qiao, S., Zhang, Z., & Shi, L. (2023) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2023.1073723 · Cited by 5
The guardian of intracranial vessels: Why the pericyte?
Cen, K., Huang, Y., Xie, Y., & Liu, Y. (2024) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116870 · Cited by 5
Bioinformatic and biological avenues for understanding alcohol use disorder
Grantham, E. K., & Farris, S. P. (2018) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.05.004 · Cited by 6
“The scalability of scRNA-Seq and the beginning of the use of tissue-based sequencing may establish a molecular-based atlas of the mammalian brain and identify new, improved cellular markers (Jaitin et al., 2014; Vanlandewijck et al., 2018).”
BackgroundKrishnan, S., Amoozgar, Z., Fukumura, D., & Jain, R. K. (2021) · The Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1002/path.5637 · Cited by 5
“Single cell transcriptomics provide an in-depth understanding of vascular and pericyte biology, their zonation, and plasticity in healthy brain [13].”
BackgroundOslin, K. A., Reho, J. J., Lü, Y., Khanal, S., Kenchegowda, D., Prior, S. J., & Fisher, S. A. (2022) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00196.2021 · Cited by 6
Transcriptomic mapping of the human cerebrovasculature
Ihara, M., & Yamamoto, Y. (2022) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-022-00650-9 · Cited by 5
Wei, J., Zhang, L., Wu, K., Yu, J. L., Gao, F., Cheng, J., Zhang, T., Zhou, X., Zong, Y., Huang, X., et al. (2023) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115197 · Cited by 6
Jiang, Y., Müller, K., Khan, M. A., Assmann, J. C., Lampe, J., Kilau, K., Richter, M., Kleint, M., Ridder, D. A., Hübner, N., et al. (2020) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x20910522 · Cited by 6
“In these disorders, ECs die suggesting as an alternative explanation that NF-jB enhances angiogenesis simply by supporting endothelial survival.(13,38) Both the preferential death of Nemo and the predominant angiogenesis of Nemoþ ECs are expected to increase the ratio of cells with intact Nemo gene, in keeping with wh…”
MethodResultPak, B., Schmitt, C. E., Choi, W., Kim, J., Han, O., Alsiö, J. M., Jung, D., Williams, D. R., Coppieters, W. R., Stainier, D. Y. R., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2020.589717 · Cited by 5
“The complexity of ECs as a group has been confirmed by recent single cell transcriptomics, which revealed the extent of endothelial heterogeneity at the single cell level (Vanlandewijck et al., 2018; Kalluri et al., 2019; Dumas et al., 2020).”
BackgroundEditorial: Where Is Waldo: Contextualizing the Endothelial Cell in the Era of Precision Biology
Galis, Z. S. (2020) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2020.00127 · Cited by 5
“For instance, individual ECs were placed along the brain vasculature, while walking on the endothelium from the arterial to venous side via capillaries (10), and within specific zones of the kidney (6) or the lymph nodes by Xiang et al.”
BackgroundAxo-vascular coupling mediated by oligodendrocytesPreprint
Restrepo, A., Trevisiol, A., Restrepo-Arango, C., Depp, C., Sasmita, A. O., Keller, A., Tzvetanova, I. D., Hirrlinger, J., & Nave, K. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.06.16.495900 · Cited by 6
“Single-cell RNA sequencing data revealed that the expression of prostaglandin-producing enzymes is restricted to astrocytes (Vanlandewijck et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2014), which suggests that in WM, similar to grey matter, astrocytes are involved in the AVC response.”
BackgroundSelf-citationNetrin-1 binding to Unc5B regulates Blood-Retina Barrier integrityPreprint
Furtado, J., Geraldo, L. H., Leser, F. S., Poulet, M., Park, H., Pibouin-Fragner, L., Eichmann, A., & Boyé, K. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.01.21.525006 · Cited by 5
“Netrin-1 signals to inflammatory cells, glia, neurons and endothelial cells via several transmembrane receptors: Deleted in colorectal cancer (Dcc) 44 , Neogenin, A2B 45 and Unc5 46 , which are expressed by different cell types in the adult brain including ECs (Unc5B), oligodendrocytes (Unc5B, Neogenin and A2B) and as…”
Debette, S., Caro, I., Western, D., Namba, S., Sun, N., Kawaguchi, S., He, Y., Fujita, M., Roshchupkin, G., D'Aoust, T., et al. (2024) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4535534/v1 · Cited by 5
“ARSB (arylsulfatase B) plays an important role in ECM degradation, regulation of neurite outgrowth and neuronal adaptability in the central nervous system 43 , where it is expressed predominantly in the microglia 44,45 .”
BackgroundHes, C., Tomlinson, A. J., Michielsen, L., Murdoch, H. J., Soltani, F., Kokoeva, M. V., & Sabatini, P. V. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.106217 · Cited by 7
Barr, H. J., Caldwell, S. K., Reimertz, J. M., Depp, C., Walker, A. J., Marsh, S. E., Gupte, A. S., Hingerl, M., Patel, J., Park, S.-O., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2025.12.08.693074 · Cited by 8
Neurovascular plasticity as a modulator of hypothalamic function
Chen, B., Furtado, J., & Schneeberger, M. (2025) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-025-09982-5 · Cited by 6
“PDGFB, secreted by endothelial cells, signals through PDGFRβ expressed on pericytes and smooth muscle cells, which are essential for maintaining vascular function [18 ].”
Brain macrophages and pial fibroblasts promote inflammation in a hypomyelination model
Okuno, N., Yamamoto, S., Hamashima, T., Tung, D. S., Okita, N., Fujikawa, M., Kunisawa, T., Takakura, N., Fujimori, T., Mori, H., et al. (2025) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-025-02063-3 · Cited by 6
“Three possible origins and identities were proposed: OPCs (resistant to Nestin-nls Cre-mediated Pdgfra targeting), pericytes, and fibroblasts [16, 82, 110].”
InfluentialSelf-citationOgawa, S., Koizumi, S., Umekawa, M., et al. (2025) · Interventional Neuroradiology · doi:10.1177/15910199251362730 · Cited by 4
Eppur si muove: the dynamic brain pericyte
Wilhelm, I., Győri, F., Dudás, T., Nagy, V., Shreeya, T., Krecsmarik, M., Farkas, A. E., Fazakas, C., & Krizbai, I. A. (2025) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/s12987-025-00706-0 · Cited by 5
“These latter two pericyte sub-types were observed to be α-SMA-negative, correlating with single-cell transcriptomics data [35].”
Valay, L., & Potier, M. (2025) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.70814 · Cited by 5
Wang, Y., Zhou, X., Liu, M., Huang, M., Chen, P., Li, X., Xue, F., Zhao, W., Liu, D., Li, L., et al. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202510545 · Cited by 4
Arteaga-Blanco, L. A., Beidokhti, M. N., Villalba, N., Swaby, L., Cha, B. J., Kayisli, C., Yao, Y., Wu, M. H., & Yuan, S. Y. (2025) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/s12987-025-00744-8 · Cited by 4
Giangiulio, O., & Maccarone, R. (2025) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cns.70703 · Cited by 6
The interplay between neuroinflammation and endothelial dysfunction in cerebral small vessel disease
Jin, C., & Zhao, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1809556 · Cited by 5
“In the brain, these functions are coupled to BBB-specialized endothelial programs documented in primary pro fi ling and vascular-mapping studies, including tight-junction enrichment, transporter expression, and zonation-dependent endothelial specialization along the cerebrovascular tree (11 – 15).”
Banerjee, P., Joly, P., Jouneau, L., Jaszczyszyn, Y., Bourge, M., Affaticati, P., Levraud, J., Boudinot, P., & Joly, J. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11132016 · Cited by 5
“As expected from imaging data, the cluster with the highest level of PDGFRβ and EGFP expression (cluster 1, Figure 2C,D) corresponded to pericytes (C1, PDGFRβ, ANGPTL3, NOTCH 3, FOXC1B, and KCNJ8 CSPG4 RGS5 CD248 ABCC9 [36]).”
ResultZheng, F. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241612611 · Cited by 5
“Endothelial cells also express TRPC3 channels [21], and these channels may be involved in the synthesis and release of endothelin 1.”
BackgroundInfluentialBiology of neurofibrosis with focus on multiple sclerosis
Lozinski, B. M., Ghorbani, S., & Yong, V. W. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1370107 · Cited by 8
“Due to the use of PDGFR b based reporter mice and PDGFR b as a common marker across several cell types, it is likely that fi broblasts, pericytes, and smooth muscle cells have been con fl ated with each other (24).”
BackgroundMethodRichards, A. L., Khalil, A. S., Friesen, M., Whitfield, T. W., Gao, X., Lungjangwa, T., Kamm, R. D., Wan, Z., Gehrke, L., Mooney, D. J., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-54917-4 · Cited by 5
“Fixed cells were stained with an antibody directed against dsRNA as well as antibodies directed against SMA or VE-Cadherin and imaged by immuno fl uorescence.”
InfluentialSingle-Cell Analysis in Cerebrovascular Research: Primed for Breakthroughs and Clinical Impact
Albertson, A. J., Winkler, E. A., Yang, A. C., Buckwalter, M. S., Dingman, A., Fan, H., Herson, P. S., McCullough, L. D., Pérez‐Pinzón, M. A., Sansing, L. H., et al. (2024) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.124.049001 · Cited by 4
“While pioneering work had profiled the cerebrovascula-ture in mice, 16 it remained unclear how conserved these findings were in humans.”
InfluentialAi, D., Ming, T., Li, X., Wang, S., Bi, Z., Zuo, J., Cheng, Z., Sun, W., Xie, M., Li, F., et al. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202408888 · Cited by 4
Liu, Z., Peng, J., Wang, X., Yin, F., Su, F., Pei, Z., Wu, H., & Luo, C. (2025) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/j.jlr.2025.100895 · Cited by 4
“Given that VEGF-C is secreted by smooth muscle cells (SMCs) — which are abundant in brain parenchyma — as well as by the pineal and pituitary glands (6, 29), we propose its presence in brain parenchyma and subsequent transport to the meninges to exert effects.”
Apelin Alleviates Meniscus Endothelial Cell Apoptosis in Osteoarthritis
Lu, D., Wei, J., Chen, J., Zhao, J., Wang, J., Gong, Y., Wei, L., Wei, Q., Ban, H., Li, Y., et al. (2022) · Disease Markers · doi:10.1155/2022/3556372 · Cited by 4
“The rise of the scRNA-seq technique allows for exploring transcriptome in a highthroughput manner at a single-cell level so that the endothelial cell heterogeneity can be studied more conveniently [6, 7].”
MethodRetractedPdgfrβ+ lineage cells transiently increase at the site of Achilles tendon healing
Leong, N. L., Wu, J., Greskovich, K. E., Li, Y., & Jiang, J. (2023) · Journal of Orthopaedic Research® · doi:10.1002/jor.25552 · Cited by 4
“Recent studies using single‐cell RNA sequencing have identified multiple populations of perivascular fibroblasts in the perivascular niche.(17,18) These newly identified perivascular fibroblasts are the next”
Proton-Coupled Oligopeptide Transport (Slc15) in the Brain: Past and Future Research
Xiang, J., & Keep, R. F. (2023) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1007/s11095-023-03550-9 · Cited by 4
“PepT2 is highly expressed at the choroid plexus and the arachnoid membrane, tissues forming the blood-cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) barrier [10–12], but no identified POT is present in the brain endothelial cells that form the blood-brain barrier [13].”
Zhang, Q., Zhong, X., Guo, J.-F., & Shen, S.-H. (2024) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-023-03755-4 · Cited by 4
“…[20], Ccdc153 for ependymocytes [21], Folr1 for choroid plexus epithelial cells [22], Cldn5 for endothelial cells [23], Kcnj8 for pericytes [23], Acta2 for vascular smooth muscle cells [23], Slc6a13 for vascular leptomeningeal cells [16], Tmem119 for microglia [19], and Pf4 for macrophages [24].”
Amyloid Beta–Mediated Neurovascular Toxicity in Alzheimer’s Disease
Banerjee, S., & Banerjee, S. (2024) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-3662-6_26 · Cited by 4
A loss of function mutation in CLDN25 causing Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like leukodystrophy
Hashimoto, Y., Besmond, C., Boddaert, N., Münnich, A., & Campbell, M. E. (2024) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddae038 · Cited by 4
“The second most highly expressed CLDN in oligodendrocytes is CLDN domain containing 1 (CLDND1), more commonly known as CLDN-25 [7, 13, 14].”
BackgroundInfluentialBiasetti, L., Zervogiannis, N., Shaw, K., Trewhitt, H., Serpell, L. C., Bailey, D., Wright, E., & Hall, C. N. (2024) · Open Biology · doi:10.1098/rsob.230349 · Cited by 3
“Entry may also occur via ACE2-independent routes such as binding to transmembrane protein 106B (TMEM106B) [28], which may be expressed in endothelial cells and pericytes [23,29].”
BackgroundResultPumilio-1 mediated translational control of claudin-5 at the blood-brain barrier
Hashimoto, Y., Greene, C., Hanley, N., Hudson, N., Henshall, D. C., Sweeney, K. J., O’Brien, D. F., & Campbell, M. (2024) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/s12987-024-00553-5 · Cited by 5
Targeting TREM2 signaling shows limited impact on cerebrovascular calcification
Sridhar, S., Zhou, Y., Ibrahim, A., Bertazzo, S., Wyss, T., Swain, A., Maheshwari, U., Huang, S., Colonna, M., & Keller, A. (2024) · Life Science Alliance · doi:10.26508/lsa.202402796 · Cited by 4
“The vascular cluster (VC) contained nuclei from mural cells (expressing Vtn , Pdgfrb ) and endothelial cells (expressing Cldn5 ) (Vanlandewijck et al, 2018; Zhou et al, 2020).”
BackgroundSelf-citationNrf2 phosphorylation contributes to acquisition of pericyte reprogramming via the PKCδ pathway
Sakuma, R., Minato, Y., Maeda, S., & Yagi, H. (2025) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2025.106824 · Cited by 4
Tumor-Associated Pericytes: Tumorigenicity and Targeting for Cancer Therapy
Tan, J.-L., Yu, Z., Pi, R., Lin, Y., Wang, W., Chen, M., & Bai, X. (2025) · Current Vascular Pharmacology · doi:10.2174/0115701611365339250213101338 · Cited by 3
Screening and identification of muscle pericyte selective markers
Ruan, J., Kang, M., Wang, R., Xuan, W., Cheng, F., & Yao, Y. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-14225-3 · Cited by 5
“Recently, several brain pericyte-selective markers, including Kcnj8 , Abcc9 , and Atp13a5 , have been identified 28,29 .”
Regeneration of the neurogliovascular unit visualized in vivo by transcranial live-cell imaging
Arango-Lievano, M., Dromard, Y., Fontanaud, P., Lafont, C., Mollard, P., & Jeanneteau, F. D. (2020) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108808 · Cited by 4
Yamazaki, A., Shue, F., Yamazaki, Y., Martens, Y. A., Bu, G., & Liu, C. (2021) · STAR Protocols · doi:10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100715 · Cited by 4
Cell Type–Specific Nuclei Markers: The Need for Human Brain Research to Go Nuclear
Wiseman, J. A., Dragunow, M., & Park, T. (2021) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/10738584211037351 · Cited by 5
Heterogeneity in form and function of the rat extensor digitorum longus motor unit
Kissane, R. W. P., Chakrabarty, S., Askew, G. N., et al. (2021) · Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1111/joa.13590 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Vanlandewijck, M., He, L., Mäe, M. A., Andrae, J., Ando, K., Del Gaudio, F., Nahar, K., Lebouvier, T., Laviña, B., Gouveia, L., Sun, Y., Raschperger, E., Räsänen, M., Zarb, Y., Mochizuki, N., Keller, A., Lendahl, U., & Betsholtz, C.
- Affiliations
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (CN)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Betsholtz, Christer
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2018-02-14
- Volume
- 554
- Issue
- 7693
- Pages
- 475-480
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2786318872
- Semantic Scholar
- 237e37a314d2faef1d389b147614e8fa550a3087
- Cited by
- 1,892
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 197 · 2025: 244 · 2024: 275 · 2023: 234 · 2022: 258 · 2021: 271 · 2020: 222 · 2019: 125 · 2018: 65
- FWCI
- 74.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2018-06-20)
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (159514)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Cerebrovascular and genetic disorders
- Keywords
- cerebral vasculature, blood-brain barrier, endothelial cells, mural cells, pericytes, smooth muscle cells, perivascular cells, single-cell transcriptomics, cerebrovascular disease, mouse brain
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Arteries, Arterioles, Blood Vessels, Brain, Capillaries, Female, Fibroblasts, Male, Organ Specificity, Veins, Pericytes, Myocytes, Smooth Muscle, Endothelial Cells, Mice, Single-Cell Analysis, Transcriptome
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