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Biopharmaceutical benchmarks 2018
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“between 2014 and 2018 the vast majority (84%) of newly approved antibody therapeutics were produced in CHO cells [5].”
From Glycoengineering Chinese hamster ovary cells: a short history (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Coming back to Ig-based biotherapeutics, atezolizumab, an oncolytic anti-PD-L1 mAb, is another clinically approved (2016-US, 2017-EU) glycoengineered product, except the Fc has been engineered to lack glycosylation [5].”
From Glycoengineering Chinese hamster ovary cells: a short history (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“CHO cells have become dominant in biotherapeutic production because they produce non-immunogenic and near human-like glycosylation [5].”
From Glycoengineering Chinese hamster ovary cells: a short history (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
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“%) were from mammalian cells, one from a transgenic system, five from E. coli, and four from S. cerevisiae (Walsh, 2018).”
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“They represent six of the top ten selling drugs (7) with annual sales exceeding $120 billion in 2017 (8) and are expected to reach $130–200 billion by 2022 (9).”
BackgroundCritical Analysis of the Commercial Potential of Plants for the Production of Recombinant Proteins
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“Biotherapeutics account for approximately 47% of the drugs approved in the United States between 2014–2018, thus there are significant incentives for establishing of PAT‐based analytics for biologics (Walsh, 2018).”
BackgroundSingle B cell technologies for monoclonal antibody discovery
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“are gaining importance as leading therapeutic biologic drugs [4,5].”
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“INTRODUCTION Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have emerged as a major therapeutic class with more than 60 approved products for treating a wide spectrum of disease, from arthritis to cancer (1) and even infectious diseases (2).”
BackgroundBiotechnology and Bioengineering: Volume 117, Number 10, October 2020
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“The biopharmaceutical industry is following other industries in moving from discrete batch operation to integrated continuous manufacturing, especially for high demand products, such as monoclonal antibodies (MAbs; Shukla, Wolfe, Mostafa, & Norman, 2017; Walsh, 2018).”
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“, Chinese hamster ovary, CHO), and this outpouring in the biotherapeutics sector can be explained by the increasing monoclonal antibodies’ dominance, requiring humanized post-translational modifications [70].”
BackgroundThe role of Raman spectroscopy in biopharmaceuticals from development to manufacturing
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“Today, there are over 300 approved biopharmaceutical products on the market, consisting mostly of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) produced by mammalian cells [6].”
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“The PSIM (Supplementary Data 2) contains the necessary information to construct a protein-speci fi c secretory model from the template reactions in our reconstruction.”
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“Similarly, a variety of protein drugs have been successfully marketed, including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), recombinant vaccines, and hormones, demonstrating that RPs already play a significant role in the biopharmaceutical field [4].”
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“Transient human expression systems are often preferred early on due to the ease and speed of production of workable product quantities,(227) while stable CHO cell lines are preferred for commercial production.(9) This change can cause profound differences in the product yield and quality MABS 9”
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“Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved drugs was about 25% from 2010 to 2013 and 47% from 2014 to 2018 (3).”
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“This expression system has been used to produce 84% of the antibodies approved during 2015–2018, accounting for more than half of all approved antibodies during this period (Walsh, 2018).”
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“Although several valuable pharmaceutical proteins are expressed from mammalian cell platforms, including therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (Kunert and Reinhart, 2016; Walsh, 2018), these cells grow slower than microbial cell factories and are much more expensive to cultivate (Karbalaei et al.”
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“Proteome has been widely utilized in studying monoclonal antibody (mAb) producing CHO cell lines (Strasser, Farrell, et al., 2021; Walsh, 2018), which currently has been engineered and optimized for higher productivity based on earlier proteome investigations.”
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“In fact, almost 84% of the biopharmaceutical proteins are currently produced by Chinese Hamster Ovarian (CHO) cell lines [5].”
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“There is a tremendously strong market demand for recombinant proteins such as industrial enzymes and biopharmaceutical proteins (Walsh, 2018).”
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“Currently several biopharmaceutical products (most of them protein-based) are approved in the United States and Europe for the treatment of various diseases [46, 47].”
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“The reasons given were the rapid advances of biopharmaceuticals [10], kinase-based drugs [11], antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) [12], proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTAC) [13], and other methodologies [14,15].”
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“2015; Kaplon and Reichert 2019; Walsh 2018).”
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BackgroundEmploying active learning in the optimization of culture medium for mammalian cells
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1Progress, applications, challenges and prospects of protein purification technology
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“Produce drugs (Walsh, 2018), prepare monoclonal antibodies, produce important recombinant glycoproteins such as immunoglobulin G (IgG), growth factor, clotting factor VII, erythropoietin, and α-1 anti-trypsin (Nishida et al., 2017; Goh and Ng, 2018) Insect baculovirus expression vector system It is…”
BackgroundTherapeutic proteins: developments, progress, challenges, and future perspectives
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“%) of the approved biopharmaceutical products on the market today are produced in CHO cell-based systems (57 products), with the remaining antibodies being expressed in NS0 cells (9 products) or Sp2/0 cells (2 products) (Walsh 2018).”
InfluentialGlycosylation Shapes the Efficacy and Safety of Diverse Protein, Gene and Cell Therapies
Rocamora, F., Peralta, A. G., Shin, S., Sorrentino, J., Wu, M. Y. M., Toth, E. A., Fuerst, T. R., & Lewis, N. E. (2023) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108206 · Cited by 67
“Galactosylated rituximab had higher CDC than degalactosylated glycoforms due to its higher affinity to C1q receptors; when Campath-1H was deglycosylated, CDC activity was reduced by 50%(Peschke et al., 2017, Hodoniczky et al., 2005, Boyd et al., 1995).”
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Microbial protein cell factories fight back?
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“Aβ(1-42) tetramer and octamer structures reveal edge conductivity pores as a mechanism for membrane damage.”
BackgroundMaximizing the Production of Recombinant Proteins in Plants: From Transcription to Protein Stability
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“By 2018, 374 protein-based pharmaceutical products had gained a license in the United States and European Union, which accounts for about a third of all pharmaceuticals in development [1].”
BackgroundProtein Engineering Strategies for Improved Pharmacokinetics
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“…production, specific demands for human post-translational modifications for certain r-proteins have made HEK293 successful alternatives to the conventional CHO cells and in 2018 five approved protein therapeutics were produced in HEK293 cell lines (Dumont et al., 2016; Walsh, 2018).”
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“Moss-based biopharmaceuticals As high-value pharmaceutical products, recombinant pharmaceutical proteins display an increasing sector within the pharmaceutical market [31].”
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Raina, D., Kumar, V., & Saran, S. (2022) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133712 · Cited by 60
Mathias, S., Wippermann, A., Raab, N., Zeh, N., Handrick, R., Gorr, I. H., Schulz, P., Fischer, S., Gamer, M., & Otte, K. (2019) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.27196 · Cited by 55
Sánchez‐Trasviña, C., Flores-Gatica, M., Enriquez-Ochoa, D., Rito‐Palomares, M., & Mayolo‐Deloisa, K. (2021) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2021.717326 · Cited by 63
“9:717326. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.717326 Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology | www.frontiersin.org August 2021 | Volume 9 | Article 7173261 REVIEW published: 20 August 2021 doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.717326 hormones, 16 clotting factors, and nine enzymes were approved in the United States and the European Union…”
BackgroundInfluentialShin, S., Kim, S. H., Shin, S. W., Grav, L. M., Pedersen, L. E., Lee, J. S., & Lee, G. M. (2020) · ACS Synthetic Biology · doi:10.1021/acssynbio.0c00097 · Cited by 60
Perspectives for Glyco-Engineering of Recombinant Biopharmaceuticals from Microalgae
Barolo, L., Abbriano, R. M., Commault, A. S., George, J., Kahlke, T., Fabris, M., Padula, M. P., Lopez, A., Ralph, P. J., & Pernice, M. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9030633 · Cited by 66
“Few recombinant biopharmaceuticals produced in alternative host systems have successfully passed clinical trials and reached commercialization status [2,78].”
BackgroundAn optimized genome-wide, virus-free CRISPR screen for mammalian cells
Xiong, K., Karottki, K. J. L. C., Hefzi, H., Li, S., Grav, L. M., Li, S., Spahn, P. N., Lee, J. S., Ventiņa, I., Lee, G. M., et al. (2021) · Cell Reports Methods · doi:10.1016/j.crmeth.2021.100062 · Cited by 38
“In this study, we present a new VF CRISPR screening platform and demonstrate it in CHO cells, the model of choice for producing pharmaceutical proteins (Walsh, 2018).”
Hilliard, W., MacDonald, M. L., & Lee, K. H. (2020) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.27432 · Cited by 48
“CHO cells have several advantageous characteristics, including robust growth in suspension culture and the ability to generate proteins with human‐ like glycosylation patterns, that have led to their long history of use as a workhorse organism to produce many recombinant proteins, and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in p…”
BackgroundAttenuating apoptosis in Chinese hamster ovary cells for improved biopharmaceutical production
Henry, M. N., MacDonald, M. A., Orellana, C. A., Gray, P. P., Gillard, M., Baker, K. N., Nielsen, L. K., Marcellin, E., Mahler, S. M., & Martínez, V. S. (2020) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.27269 · Cited by 51
“Introduction The global biotherapeutics market was valuated at $188 billion USD in 2017 (Walsh, 2018) and continues to grow.”
Screening Strategies for High-Yield Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Clones
Yang, W., Zhang, J., Xiao, Y., Li, W., & Wang, T. (2022) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2022.858478 · Cited by 47
“Among the top 10 drugs in global sales in 2019, eight are biopharmaceuticals, and seven are monoclonal antibodies produced in CHO cells (Walsh, 2018; Bhutani et al., 2021), mainly due to its ability to express various recombinant proteins with a post translational modification pattern similar to…”
BackgroundDomján, J., Pantea, E., Gyürkés, M., Madarász, L., Kozák, D., Farkas, A., Horváth, B., Benkő, Z., Nagy, Z. K., Marosi, G., et al. (2022) · Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1002/biot.202100395 · Cited by 49
“Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are themost commonly usedmammalian host organism for the production of high-value therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs).[1,2] The process performance of CHO cell cultures strongly depends on the cultivation conditions prevailing”
BackgroundProgress of cationic gene delivery reagents for non-viral vector
Ma, K., Mi, C.-L., Cao, X.-X., & Wang, T.-Y. (2021) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-020-11028-6 · Cited by 46
“Mammalian cells e expression systems have some advantages compared with other expression system, such as Escherichia coli, yeast, and insect cells (Walsh 2018).”
BackgroundKoenig, S. G., Bee, C., Borovika, A., Briddell, C., Colberg, J. C., Humphrey, G. R., Kopach, M. E., Martínez, I., Nambiar, S., Plummer, S., et al. (2019) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b02842 · Cited by 62
Rong, Y., Jensen, S. I., Lindorff‐Larsen, K., & Nielsen, A. T. (2022) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108079 · Cited by 47
Refolding in the modern biopharmaceutical industry
Buscajoni, L., Martinetz, M. C., Berkemeyer, M., & Brocard, C. (2022) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108050 · Cited by 52
Rashid, M. H. (2022) · mAbs · doi:10.1080/19420862.2022.2111748 · Cited by 47
“It remains a popular host as evidenced by its use in the production of more than 85 approved drugs, and many more protein therapeutics in clinical and preclinical development.(3,4) This popularity stems from its fast growth, low cost of production, easy handling, versatile genetic manipulation, high productivity, and…”
BackgroundThe cell density effect in animal cell-based bioprocessing: Questions, insights and perspectives
Lavado‐García, J., Pérez‐Rubio, P., Cervera, L., & Gòdia, F. (2022) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108017 · Cited by 47
β-Glucans from Yeast—Immunomodulators from Novel Waste Resources
Thomas, S., Rezoagli, E., Abidin, I. Z., Major, I., Murray, P., & Murphy, E. J. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app12105208 · Cited by 54
Yeasts as Biopharmaceutical Production Platforms
Kulagina, N., Besseau, S., Godon, C., Goldman, G., Papon, N., & Courdavault, V. (2021) · Frontiers in Fungal Biology · doi:10.3389/ffunb.2021.733492 · Cited by 45
“Following the first murine mAb approved and commercialized in 1986 to prevent kidney transplant rejection, more than 100 mAbs were developed (Walsh, 2018).”
BackgroundInfluentialValdez‐Cruz, N. A., García‐Hernández, E., Espitia, C., Cobos-Marín, L., Altamirano, C., Bando-Campos, C. G., Cofas‐Vargas, L. F., Coronado-Aceves, E. W., González-Hernández, R. A., Hernández‐Peralta, P., et al. (2021) · Microbial Cell Factories · doi:10.1186/s12934-021-01576-5 · Cited by 52
Sergeeva, D., Lee, G. M., Nielsen, L. K., & Grav, L. M. (2020) · ACS Synthetic Biology · doi:10.1021/acssynbio.0c00322 · Cited by 60
Protein materials as sustainable non- and minimally invasive strategies for biomedical applications
Stie, M. B., Kalouta, K., Vetri, V., & Foderà, V. (2022) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.02.016 · Cited by 57
Temperature-responsive chromatography for bioseparations: A review
Nagase, K., & Kanazawa, H. (2020) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2020.07.075 · Cited by 55
Roesch, A., Zölls, S., Stadler, D., Helbig, C., Wuchner, K., Kersten, G. F. A., Hawe, A., Jiskoot, W., & Menzen, T. (2021) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.xphs.2021.12.011 · Cited by 44
Torres, M., Akhtar, S., McKenzie, E. A., & Dickson, A. J. (2020) · Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1002/biot.202000081 · Cited by 49
Farsang, E., Guillarme, D., Veuthey, J., Beck, A., Lauber, M. A., Schmudlach, A., & Fekete, S. (2020) · Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113207 · Cited by 55
Towards a new avenue for producing therapeutic proteins: Microalgae as a tempting green biofactory
Dehghani, J., Adibkia, K., Movafeghi, A., Maleki, H., Saeedi, N., & Omidi, Y. (2019) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107499 · Cited by 52
The Rocky Road From Fed-Batch to Continuous Processing With E. coli
Kopp, J., Slouka, C., Oliver Spadiut, A., & Herwig, C. (2019) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2019.00328 · Cited by 45
“Even though biopharmaceutical production is generally still carried out batch-wise, new technology has emerged (Walsh, 2014, 2018), and many drugs can currently be sold at the cheapest prices ever (Berlec and Strukelj, 2013; Jungbauer, 2013; Walsh, 2018).”
BackgroundAmasawa, E., Kuroda, H., Okamura, K., Badr, S., & Sugiyama, H. (2021) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering · doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c01435 · Cited by 41
Recent applications of ion mobility spectrometry in natural product research
Masike, K., Stander, M. A., & de Villiers, A. J. (2020) · Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113846 · Cited by 52
Metadata
- Authors
- Walsh, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Limerick (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Walsh, Gary
- ORCID
- Walsh, Gary
- Venue
- Nature Biotechnology
- Published
- 2018-12
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1136-1145
- ISSN
- 0733-222X (ISSN-L)
- 1087-0156
- 1546-1696
- OpenAlex
- W2917928050
- Cited by
- 978
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 68 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 88 · 2023: 141 · 2022: 173 · 2021: 197 · 2020: 173 · 2019: 65
- FWCI
- 165.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Biotechnology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Biosimilars and Bioanalytical Methods
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Keywords
- biopharmaceutical market, monoclonal antibodies, cell therapy, gene therapy, biosimilars, biologics, market growth
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Biological Products, Biotechnology, Drug Industry, European Union, Humans, Nucleic Acids, Recombinant Proteins, United States, United States Food and Drug Administration, Drug Approval, Benchmarking, Biosimilar Pharmaceuticals
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