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A tough biodegradable elastomer
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers have significant potential in biotechnology and bioengineering. However, for some applications, they are limited by their inferior mechanical properties and unsatisfactory compatibility with cells and tissues. A strong, biodegradable, and biocompatible elastomer could be useful for fields such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, and in vivo sensing. We designed, synthesized, and characterized a tough biodegradable elastomer from biocompatible monomers. This elastomer forms a covalently crosslinked, three-dimensional network of random coils with hydroxyl groups attached to its backbone. Both crosslinking and the hydrogen-bonding interactions between the hydroxyl groups likely contribute to the unique properties of the elastomer. In vitro and in vivo studies show that the polymer has good biocompatibility. Polymer implants under animal skin are absorbed completely within 60 days with restoration of the implantation sites to their normal architecture.
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In the citing paper
“Many medical devices are implanted in the dynamic mechanical environment of the human body. They need to adapt to states of continuous relaxation and contraction to maintain their own performance without mechanical stimulation of the surrounding tissues [14,15].”
From Synthesis of Poly(l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) Copolymer: Structure, Toughness, and Elasticity (2021) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“For example, while PCLA copolymers attained UTS levels above 30 MPa, poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) exhibited a tensile strength slightly above 0.5 MPa [15].”
From Designing biodegradable multiblock PCL/PLA thermoplastic elastomers (2005) · cites this paper as [15]
In the citing paper
“As reported [15], PGS has a Young's modulus of around 0.3 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength above 0.5 MPa and attains elongation at break values slightly below 350%.”
From Designing biodegradable multiblock PCL/PLA thermoplastic elastomers (2005) · cites this paper as [15]
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, as reported [15], PGS is fully amorphous at body temperature, with no glass transition temperatures being observed above 80 1 C.”
From Designing biodegradable multiblock PCL/PLA thermoplastic elastomers (2005) · cites this paper as [15]
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“The degradation products of PGS, glycerol and sebacic acid are endogenous constituents and thus readily metabolize under physiological conditions.(32,33) Due to the elastomeric properties and biocompatibility, PGS-based scaffolds have been investigated for cartilage regeneration, cardiac patches, bone scaffolds, and n…”
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“To synthesize the PGS pre-polymer, we followed a previously reported protocol [31,32].”
MethodTyramine functionalization of poly(glycerol sebacate) increases the elasticity of the polymer
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“Poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) is a tough biodegradable elastomer, synthesised by polycondensation of glycerol and sebacic acid [23].”
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Thermosets synthesized by thermal polyesterification for tissue engineering applications
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Chang, C.-T., Chen, H.-T., Girsang, S. P., Chen, Y., Wan, D., Shen, S.-H., & Wang, J. (2020) · Applied Materials Today · doi:10.1016/j.apmt.2020.100771 · Cited by 23
Tadayyon, G., Krukiewicz, K., Britton, J., Larrañaga, A., Vallejo‐Giraldo, C., Fernández, M., Guo, Y., Orpella‐Aceret, G., Li, L., Poudel, A., et al. (2021) · Materials Science and Engineering C · doi:10.1016/j.msec.2020.111857 · Cited by 23
Prosthetic vascular grafts engineered to combat calcification: Progress and future directions
Brown, T. K., Alharbi, S., Ho, K. J., & Jiang, B. (2022) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.28316 · Cited by 23
“The degradation of PGS was found to be based on surface erosion rather than bulk degradation, which reduces the formation of fibrotic tissue (Y. Wang et al., 2002, 2003).”
BackgroundTalouki, P. Y., Tackallou, S. H., Shojaei, S., Benisi, S. Z., & Goodarzi, V. (2023) · Biological Procedures Online · doi:10.1186/s12575-023-00197-z · Cited by 23
“[21] introduced PGS as a biodegradable synthetic polyester, many researchers have investigated PGS-based copolymers and nanomaterials to provide tissue engineering scaffolds.”
BackgroundLee, I., Xie, R., Luz-Madrigal, A., Min, S., Zhu, J., Jin, J., Edwards, K. L., Phillips, M. J., Ludwig, A. L., Gamm, D. M., et al. (2023) · Bioactive Materials · doi:10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.07.019 · Cited by 23
Langer, R. (2013) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A · doi:10.1002/jbm.a.34811 · Cited by 24
“We also created new biodegradable materials to further advance scaffolding technology for tissue engineering.(57) Other contributions include the first methods to create materials for controlling stem cell differentiation,(58) methods of using stem cells to create muscle,(59) methods of using materials to create heart…”
Self-citationMitra, T., Sailakshmi, G., Gnanamani, A., & Mandal, A. B. (2013) · International Journal of Polymeric Materials · doi:10.1080/00914037.2013.769161 · Cited by 23
Poly(Limonene Thioether) Scaffold for Tissue Engineering
Fischer, K. M., Morgan, K. Y., Hearon, K., et al. (2016) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.201500892 · Cited by 23
Self-citationFabrication of a mechanically anisotropic poly(glycerol sebacate) membrane for tissue engineering
Hsu, C., Lee, P., Tuan‐Mu, H., et al. (2017) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B Applied Biomaterials · doi:10.1002/jbm.b.33876 · Cited by 23
“Synthesis of poly(glycerol sebacate) prepolymer PGS prepolymer was prepared based on the method developed by Wang et al.20 with modifications.”
MethodCohrs, N. H., Schulz‐Schönhagen, K., Jenny, F., et al. (2017) · Journal of Materials Science · doi:10.1007/s10853-017-1007-8 · Cited by 23
Engineering tough, highly compressible, biodegradable hydrogels by tuning the network architecture
Gu, D., Tan, S. S. L., Xu, C., et al. (2017) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/c7cc02811c · Cited by 23
Kinetics of Polycondensation of Sebacic Acid with Glycerol
Matyszczak, G., Wrzecionek, M., Gadomska‐Gajadhur, A., et al. (2020) · Organic Process Research & Development · doi:10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00110 · Cited by 23
Metadata
- Authors
- Wang, Y., Ameer, G. A., Sheppard, B. J., & Langer, R.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Northwestern University (US)
- Venue
- Nature Biotechnology
- Published
- 2002-06
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 602-606
- ISSN
- 0733-222X (ISSN-L)
- 1087-0156
- 1546-1696
- OpenAlex
- W1994054444
- Cited by
- 1,314
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 77 · 2019: 76 · 2018: 73 · 2017: 65 · 2016: 66 · 2015: 66 · 2014: 79 · 2013: 66 · 2012: 67
- FWCI
- 8.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Biotechnology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (5-R01-HL60435, R01HL060435)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Surfaces, Coatings and Films › Polymer Surface Interaction Studies
- Keywords
- biodegradable elastomers, tough polymers, biocompatibility, covalent cross-linking, hydrogen bonding, hydroxyl groups, tissue engineering, drug delivery, in vivo sensing, polymer implants, biodegradation
- MeSH terms
- Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer, Animals, Biocompatible Materials, Decanoates, Decanoic Acids, Dicarboxylic Acids, Elasticity, Female, Glycerol, Materials Testing, Models, Molecular, Polyglycolic Acid, Polymers, Skin, Stress, Mechanical, Tensile Strength, 3T3 Cells, Lactic Acid, Absorbable Implants, Elastomers, Mice, Rats
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