The DOI matches its Crossref record; 45 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A tough biodegradable elastomer
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers have significant potential in biotechnology and bioengineering. However, for some applications, they are limited by their inferior mechanical properties and unsatisfactory compatibility with cells and tissues. A strong, biodegradable, and biocompatible elastomer could be useful for fields such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, and in vivo sensing. We designed, synthesized, and characterized a tough biodegradable elastomer from biocompatible monomers. This elastomer forms a covalently crosslinked, three-dimensional network of random coils with hydroxyl groups attached to its backbone. Both crosslinking and the hydrogen-bonding interactions between the hydroxyl groups likely contribute to the unique properties of the elastomer. In vitro and in vivo studies show that the polymer has good biocompatibility. Polymer implants under animal skin are absorbed completely within 60 days with restoration of the implantation sites to their normal architecture.
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“Many medical devices are implanted in the dynamic mechanical environment of the human body. They need to adapt to states of continuous relaxation and contraction to maintain their own performance without mechanical stimulation of the surrounding tissues [14,15].”
From Synthesis of Poly(l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) Copolymer: Structure, Toughness, and Elasticity (2021) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“For example, while PCLA copolymers attained UTS levels above 30 MPa, poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) exhibited a tensile strength slightly above 0.5 MPa [15].”
From Designing biodegradable multiblock PCL/PLA thermoplastic elastomers (2005) · cites this paper as [15]
In the citing paper
“As reported [15], PGS has a Young's modulus of around 0.3 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength above 0.5 MPa and attains elongation at break values slightly below 350%.”
From Designing biodegradable multiblock PCL/PLA thermoplastic elastomers (2005) · cites this paper as [15]
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, as reported [15], PGS is fully amorphous at body temperature, with no glass transition temperatures being observed above 80 1 C.”
From Designing biodegradable multiblock PCL/PLA thermoplastic elastomers (2005) · cites this paper as [15]
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Whittaker, J. L., Dutta, N. K., Elvin, C. M., & Choudhury, N. R. (2015) · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · doi:10.1039/c5tb00970g · Cited by 57
Tensegrity deployment using infinitesimal mechanisms
Cornel Sultan, A. (2014) · International Journal of Solids and Structures · doi:10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2014.06.025 · Cited by 56
“For example Wang et al. (2002) report elastomers that are linearly elastic for strains between 0 and almost 4 while Sonnenschein et al. (2013) and Lee et al. (2009) report biocompatible elastomers that resist strains of 7 or larger.”
BackgroundTandon, V., Zhang, B., Radisic, M., & Murthy, S. K. (2012) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.08.006 · Cited by 58
“Elastomeric scaffolds have also been used to engineer aligned cardiac cell structures, and in addition provide near-physiological mechanical properties (Engelmayr et al., 2008; Guillemette et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2002).”
BackgroundLee, S., Kim, B., Kim, S., et al. (2017) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201702310 · Cited by 56
Sideways and stable crack propagation in a silicone elastomer
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Wang, Y., Wu, H., Wang, Z., et al. (2019) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym11060965 · Cited by 56
“Generally, conventional PGS was crosslinked at around 120 to 130 ◦C [12,32], however PEG segment indirectly reduced content of hydroxyl in the PEGS backbone and hereby raised reaction barriers [29,34].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationBiomaterial approaches for cardiovascular tissue engineering
Theus, A. S., Tomov, M. L., Cetnar, A. C., Lima, B., Nish, J., McCoy, K., Mahmoudi, M., & Serpooshan, V. (2019) · Emergent Materials · doi:10.1007/s42247-019-00039-3 · Cited by 58
“, PGS demonstrates elastomeric properties while being suitable for a host of biologic and ECM-like material [43, 84].”
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Tallawi, M., Zebrowski, D. C., Rai, R., Roether, J. A., Schubert, D. W., Fray, M. E., Engel, F. B., Aifantis, K. E., & Boccaccini, A. R. (2014) · Tissue Engineering Part C Methods · doi:10.1089/ten.tec.2014.0445 · Cited by 55
Retinal transplantation using surface modified poly(glycerol-co-sebacic acid) membranes
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“condensation as previously described [18].”
Self-citationFrydrych, M., & Chen, B. (2013) · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · doi:10.1039/c3tb20842g · Cited by 55
Porous poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) elastomer scaffolds for skin tissue engineering
Zhang, X., Jia, C., Qiao, X., et al. (2016) · Polymer Testing · doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2016.07.006 · Cited by 55
Lee, K., Gade, P. S., Dong, L., Zhang, Z., Aral, A. M., Gao, J., Ding, X., Stowell, C. E. T., Nisar, M. U., Kim, K., et al. (2018) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.07.037 · Cited by 54
Self-citationUsing solvent-free approach for preparing innovative biopolymer nanocomposites based on PGS/gelatin
Aghajan, M. H., Panahi‐Sarmad, M., Alikarami, N., et al. (2020) · European Polymer Journal · doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109720 · Cited by 55
Small intestinal submucosa gel as a potential scaffolding material for cardiac tissue engineering
Crapo, P. M., & Wang, Y. (2009) · Acta Biomaterialia · doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2009.10.048 · Cited by 54
Self-citationRegenerative implants for cardiovascular tissue engineering
Lee, A. Y., Mahler, N., Best, C. A., Lee, Y., & Breuer, C. K. (2014) · Translational research · doi:10.1016/j.trsl.2014.01.014 · Cited by 54
“PGS, or Biorubber, was designed specifically as a scaffold for making tissue-engineered cardiovascular structures.(101) PGS is a tough, compliant, 3-dimensional, inexpensive, biocompatible, and biodegradable elastomer designed to provide an optimal environment for cellular attachment, proliferation, and the deposition…”
BackgroundMethodMolecular Mechanisms of RADA16-1 Peptide on Fast Stop Bleeding in Rat Models
Wang, T., Zhong, X., Wang, S., Lv, F., & Zhao, X. (2012) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms131115279 · Cited by 54
“, saline, physiological solutions, blood or cerebrospinal fluid [10–12].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Wang, Y., Ameer, G. A., Sheppard, B. J., & Langer, R.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Northwestern University (US)
- Venue
- Nature Biotechnology
- Published
- 2002-06
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 602-606
- ISSN
- 0733-222X (ISSN-L)
- 1087-0156
- 1546-1696
- OpenAlex
- W1994054444
- Cited by
- 1,314
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 77 · 2019: 76 · 2018: 73 · 2017: 65 · 2016: 66 · 2015: 66 · 2014: 79 · 2013: 66 · 2012: 67
- FWCI
- 8.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Biotechnology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (5-R01-HL60435, R01HL060435)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Surfaces, Coatings and Films › Polymer Surface Interaction Studies
- Keywords
- biodegradable elastomers, tough polymers, biocompatibility, covalent cross-linking, hydrogen bonding, hydroxyl groups, tissue engineering, drug delivery, in vivo sensing, polymer implants, biodegradation
- MeSH terms
- Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer, Animals, Biocompatible Materials, Decanoates, Decanoic Acids, Dicarboxylic Acids, Elasticity, Female, Glycerol, Materials Testing, Models, Molecular, Polyglycolic Acid, Polymers, Skin, Stress, Mechanical, Tensile Strength, 3T3 Cells, Lactic Acid, Absorbable Implants, Elastomers, Mice, Rats
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