Novartis signs up for Google smart lens
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Wearable tear biosensors have been used for continuous glucose monitoring since 2007 and later for lactate sensing since 2012.
“Wearable tear biosensors have been used for continuous glucose monitoring since 2007 [147,148,149], and later for lactate sensing since 2012 [150].”
From The emergence of AI-based wearable sensors for digital health technology: a review (2023) · cites this paper as [148]
There have been delays to the clinical trials and subsequent commercial release of the Google/Novartis contact lens product, indicative of technological challenges of successfully achieving a high-performing contact-lens-based sensing platform.
“However, there have been delays to the clinical trials and subsequent commercial release of this product, indicative of the technological challenges of successfully achieving a high-performing contact-lens-based sensing platform.”
From Wearable biosensors for healthcare monitoring (2019) · cites this paper as [33]
Google, in partnership with Novartis, developed a contact lens sensing platform for tears glucose monitoring.
“As a result of these consistent endeavors, Google, in partnership with Novartis, made the most noticeable progress by applying their expertise in electronics miniaturization and applied medical technologies, respectively, toward development of a contact lens sensing platform for tears glucose monitoring33.”
From Wearable biosensors for healthcare monitoring (2019) · cites this paper as [33]
The developed prototype lens consisted of a wireless control chip, miniature electrochemical transducer, and antenna on a soft contact lens platform with the glucose sensor embedded within a hydrogel matrix to non-invasively measure glucose concentrations in the surrounding tears.
“The developed prototype lens consisted of a wireless control chip, miniature electrochemical transducer, and antenna on a soft contact lens platform with the glucose sensor embedded within a hydrogel matrix to non-invasively measure glucose concentrations in the surrounding tears (Fig. 5a).”
From Wearable biosensors for healthcare monitoring (2019) · cites this paper as [33]
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“This novel technology incorporates an electrochemical battery-operated enzymatic glucose sensor, utilising the enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx), in a microchip sandwiched between two layers of a soft contact lens, as represented in Figure 8 [106,107].”
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“Universally, smart contact lens [155] is a frequently used tear sensing platform owing to its comfort and full contact with delicate eyeballs compared with strip-based format [156].”
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“Along with these, a commercial prototype containing a wireless control chip and a miniaturized electronic transducer proposed a glucose sensor embedded in a hydrogel gel matrix as a soft contact lens platform for continuous glucose monitoring [228].”
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“Google and Novartis are the first companies to present the concept of wirelessly powered contact lenses that measure and report the glucose concentrations in the tears of diabetic patients [13,14].”
BackgroundWearable Devices for Biofluid Monitoring in a Body: from Lab to Commercialization
Yang, Y. J., Lee, S. G., & Kim, T. (2024) · Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering · doi:10.1007/s11814-024-00295-y · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Applying these materials to commercial wearable devices enables rapid, small-scale biofluid sampling for reliable bio-marker monitoring [19, 22, 26].”
Optically Transparent Antenna Arrays for the Next Generation of Mobile Networks
Green, R. B., Ding, K., Avrutin, V. S., Özgür, Ü., & Topsakal, E. (2022) · IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation · doi:10.1109/ojap.2022.3171322 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Thaweeskulchai, T., & Schulte, A. (2022) · Micromachines · doi:10.3390/mi13122214 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Other forms of wearable devices include contact lenses for analysis of glucose in tears [6] and a graphene-based dental patch sensor for detecting bacteria [7].”
BackgroundJihad, A. J., Mathew, S. S., Paul, S., et al. (2016) · International Conference on Innovations in Information Technology · doi:10.1109/innovations.2016.7880027 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Glucose sensing temporary tattoo is made up of woven electrodes printed out on rub-on tattoo sticker.”
BackgroundBai, Y., Li, C., Wang, F., Wang, L., Zhu, J., & Guan, G. (2025) · Sensors and Actuators Reports · doi:10.1016/j.snr.2025.100380 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
- Authors
- Senior, M.
- Corresponding author
- Senior, Melanie
- Venue
- Nature Biotechnology
- Published
- 2014-09
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 856-856
- ISSN
- 0733-222X (ISSN-L)
- 1087-0156
- 1546-1696
- OpenAlex
- W2082814900
- Cited by
- 152
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2
- Type
- other
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Biotechnology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Augmented Reality Applications
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management of Technology and Innovation › Digital Innovation in Industries
- Keywords
- Novartis, Google, augmented reality, drug discovery, pharmaceutical industry, artificial intelligence
- MeSH terms
- Blood Glucose, Contact Lenses, Drug Industry, Humans, Miniaturization, Biosensing Techniques, Internet
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