The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Dominant role of greenhouse-gas forcing in the recovery of Sahel rainfall.
Open accessOverview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Rainfall in the Sahel has increased since the 1980s, but has not recovered to pre-drought levels (Nicholson et al., 2000;Dong and Sutton, 2015;Berntell et al., 2018).”
From The tropical atlantic observing system (2019) · cites this paper as Dong and Sutton, 2015
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Rayner, N. A., Parker, D. E., Horton, E. B., Folland, C. K., Alexander, L. V., Rowell, D. P., Kent, E. C., & Kaplan, A. (2003) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2002jd002670 · Cited by 11,133
Updated high‐resolution grids of monthly climatic observations – the CRU TS3 .10 Dataset
Harris, I. C., Jones, P. D., Osborn, T. J., & Lister, D. (2013) · International Journal of Climatology · doi:10.1002/joc.3711 · Cited by 6,326
NCEP–DOE AMIP-II reanalysis (R-2)
Kanamitsu, M., Ebisuzaki, W., Woollen, J., Yang, S.-K., Hnilo, J. J., Fiorino, M., & Potter, G. L. (2002) · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · doi:10.1175/bams-83-11-1631 · Cited by 5,771
Adler, R. F., Huffman, G. J., Chang, A. T. C., Ferraro, R. R., Xie, P., Janowiak, J. E., Rudolf, B., Schneider, U., Curtis, S., Bolvin, D. T., et al. (2003) · Journal of Hydrometeorology · doi:10.1175/1525-7541(2003)004 · Cited by 5,422
The Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project
Compo, G. P., Whitaker, J. S., Sardeshmukh, P. D., Matsui, N., Allan, R. J., Yin, X., Gleason, B. E., Vose, R. S., Rutledge, G., Bessemoulin, P., et al. (2011) · Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society · doi:10.1002/qj.776 · Cited by 3,518
Global surface temperature change
Hansen, J., Ruedy, R., Sato, M., & Lo, K. (2010) · Reviews of Geophysics · doi:10.1029/2010rg000345 · Cited by 3,081
Lamarque, J.-F., Bond, T. C., Eyring, V., Granier, C., Heil, A., Klimont, Z., Lee, D., Liousse, C., Mieville, A., Owen, B., et al. (2010) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-10-7017-2010 · Cited by 2,105
Dynamics of deserts and drought in the Sahel
Charney, J. G. (1975) · Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society · doi:10.1002/qj.49710142802 · Cited by 1,405
Sahel rainfall and worldwide sea temperatures, 1901–85
Folland, C. K., Palmer, T. N., & Parker, D. E. (1986) · Nature · doi:10.1038/320602a0 · Cited by 1,147
Oceanic forcing of Sahel rainfall on interannual to interdecadal time scales.
Giannini, A., Saravanan, R., & Chang, P. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1089357 · Cited by 1,058
Impact of Atlantic multidecadal oscillations on India/Sahel rainfall and Atlantic hurricanes
Zhang, R., & Delworth, T. L. (2006) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2006gl026267 · Cited by 939
Simulation of Sahel drought in the 20th and 21st centuries
Held, I. M., Delworth, T. L., Lü, J., Findell, K. L., & Knutson, T. R. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0509057102 · Cited by 451
Hewitt, H. T., Copsey, D., Culverwell, I. D., Harris, C. M., Hill, R. S. R., Keen, A. B., McLaren, A. J., & Hunke, E. (2011) · Geoscientific model development · doi:10.5194/gmd-4-223-2011 · Cited by 370
Forced Sahel rainfall trends in the CMIP5 archive
Biasutti, M. (2013) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1002/jgrd.50206 · Cited by 325
Bader, J., & Latif, M. (2003) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2003gl018426 · Cited by 284
Robust Sahel drying in response to late 20th century forcings
Biasutti, M., & Giannini, A. (2006) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2006gl026067 · Cited by 268
Roehrig, R., Bouniol, D., Guichard, F., Hourdin, F., & Redelsperger, J. (2013) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/jcli-d-12-00505.1 · Cited by 259
Giannini, A., Salack, S., Lodoun, T., Ali, A., Gaye, A. T., & Ndiaye, O. (2013) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024010 · Cited by 178
Sahel rainfall variability and response to greenhouse warming
Haarsma, R., Selten, F., Weber, S. L., & Kliphuis, M. (2005) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2005gl023232 · Cited by 163
Ocean Warming and Late-Twentieth-Century Sahel Drought and Recovery
Hagos, S., & Cook, K. H. (2008) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/2008jcli2055.1 · Cited by 162
Sensitivity of Twentieth-Century Sahel Rainfall to Sulfate Aerosol and CO2 Forcing
Ackerley, D., Booth, B. B. B., Knight, S. H. E., Highwood, E. J., Frame, D. J., Allen, M. R., & Rowell, D. P. (2011) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/jcli-d-11-00019.1 · Cited by 147
The Multidecadal Atlantic SST—Sahel Rainfall Teleconnection in CMIP5 Simulations
Martin, E. R., Thorncroft, C. D., & Booth, B. B. B. (2013) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/jcli-d-13-00242.1 · Cited by 145
Knippertz, P., & Todd, M. C. (2010) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2009jd012819 · Cited by 136
A seamless assessment of the role of convection in the water cycle of the West African Monsoon
Birch, C. E., Parker, D. J., Marsham, J. H., Copsey, D., & Garcia‐Carreras, L. (2014) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1002/2013jd020887 · Cited by 129
Evan, A. T., Flamant, C. N., Lavaysse, C., Kocha, C., & Saci, A. (2014) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/jcli-d-14-00039.1 · Cited by 116
Analysis of African Easterly Wave Structures and Their Role in Influencing Tropical Cyclogenesis
Hopsch, S. B., Thorncroft, C. D., & Tyle, K. R. (2009) · Monthly Weather Review · doi:10.1175/2009mwr2760.1 · Cited by 112
Mechanisms of Climate Change in the Semiarid African Sahel: The Local View
Giannini, A. (2009) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/2009jcli3123.1 · Cited by 103
Grafton, R. Q., Nelson, H. W., Lambie, N. R., & Wyrwoll, P. R. (2012) · Cited by 96
Fontaine, B., Roucou, P., Gaetani, M., & Marteau, R. (2010) · International Journal of Climatology · doi:10.1002/joc.2108 · Cited by 74
Projected changes in African easterly wave intensity and track in response to greenhouse forcing
Skinner, C. B., & Diffenbaugh, N. S. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1319597111 · Cited by 53
Skinner, C. B., Ashfaq, M., & Diffenbaugh, N. S. (2011) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/2011jcli4183.1 · Cited by 36
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Advances in understanding large‐scale responses of the water cycle to climate change
Allan, R. P., Barlow, M. A., Byrne, M. P., Cherchi, A., Douville, H., Fowler, H. J., Gan, T. Y., Pendergrass, A. G., Rosenfeld, D., Swann, A. L. S., et al. (2020) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.14337 · Cited by 693
Sultan, B., & Gaetani, M. (2016) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.01262 · Cited by 627
Climate change and the Syrian civil war revisited
Selby, J., Dahi, O. S., Fröhlich, C., & Hulme, M. (2017) · Political Geography · doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2017.05.007 · Cited by 499
Frequency of extreme Sahelian storms tripled since 1982 in satellite observations
Taylor, C. M., Belušić, D., Guichard, F., Parker, D. J., Vischel, T., Bock, O., Harris, P. P., Janicot, S., Klein, C. M., & Panthou, G. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature22069 · Cited by 475
Drivers and impacts of Eastern African rainfall variability
Palmer, P. I., Wainwright, C. M., Dong, B., Maidment, R. I., Wheeler, K. G., Gedney, N., Hickman, J. E., Madani, N., Folwell, S. S., Abdo, G., et al. (2023) · Nature Reviews Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43017-023-00397-x · Cited by 383
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Dong, B., & Sutton, R.
- Affiliations
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Dong, Buwen
- Sutton, Rowan
- Venue
- Nature Climate Change
- Published
- 2015-06-01
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 757-760
- ISSN
- 1758-678X (ISSN-L)
- 1758-6798
- OpenAlex
- W1804902297
- Cited by
- 229
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 22.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Climate Change (publishedVersion)
- CentAUR (University of Reading) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission (2007–2013, FP7 2007-2013, FP7/2007, 607085)
- Natural Environment Research Council (NE/I006672/1, ncas10009, FP7/2007-2013)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Hydrology and Drought Analysis
- Keywords
- greenhouse gas forcing, West African monsoon, Sahel drought, sea surface temperature, anthropogenic aerosol forcing, aerosol precursor emissions, multidecadal variability, climate change attribution, Sahel
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
