The DOI matches its Crossref record; 98 of the 102 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
ENSO and greenhouse warming
Open accessOverview
Integrity signals
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Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Studies based on CMIP5 models alone, or on a combination of CMIP5 and a smaller set of earlier available CMIP6 models 9,10 , have found that models better simulating ENSO dynamics tend to generate increased ENSO SST variability.”
From Increased ENSO sea surface temperature variability under four IPCC emission scenarios (2022) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“There was a lack of inter-model consensus among available models that participated in the previous instalments of CMIP5, unless model selection was applied on the basis of the realism of the simulated ENSO 9,10 .”
From Increased ENSO sea surface temperature variability under four IPCC emission scenarios (2022) · cites this paper as [9]
Citations
Cites
An Overview of CMIP5 and the Experiment Design
Taylor, K. E., Stouffer, R. J., & Meehl, G. A. (2012) · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · doi:10.1175/bams-d-11-00094.1 · Cited by 14,052
Some simple solutions for heat‐induced tropical circulation
Gill, A. E. (1980) · Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society · doi:10.1002/qj.49710644905 · Cited by 4,394
El Niño Modoki and its possible teleconnection
Ashok, K., Behera, S. K., Rao, S. A., Weng, H., & Yamagata, T. (2007) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans · doi:10.1029/2006jc003798 · Cited by 2,721
ENSO as an Integrating Concept in Earth Science
McPhaden, M. J., Zebiak, S. E., & Glantz, M. H. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1132588 · Cited by 2,236
Self-citationIncreasing frequency of extreme El Niño events due to greenhouse warming.
Cai, W., Borlace, S., Lengaigne, M., van Rensch, P., Collins, M., Vecchi, G., Timmermann, A., Santoso, A., McPhaden, M. J., Wu, L., et al. (2014) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate2100 · Cited by 2,198
Self-citationRecent global-warming hiatus tied to equatorial Pacific surface cooling
Kosaka, Y., & Xie, S. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12534 · Cited by 1,701
Contrasting Eastern-Pacific and Central-Pacific Types of ENSO
Kao, H.-Y., & Yu, J.-Y. (2009) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/2008jcli2309.1 · Cited by 1,695
Yeh, S.-W., Kug, J.-S., Dewitte, B., Kwon, M.-H., Kirtman, B. P., & Jin, F.-F. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08316 · Cited by 1,592
Self-citationRecent intensification of wind-driven circulation in the Pacific and the ongoing warming hiatus
England, M. H., McGregor, S., Spence, P., Meehl, G. A., Timmermann, A., Cai, W., Gupta, A. S., McPhaden, M. J., Purich, A., & Santoso, A. (2014) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate2106 · Cited by 1,356
Self-citationMarine boundary layer clouds at the heart of tropical cloud feedback uncertainties in climate models
Bony, S., & Dufresne, J. (2005) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2005gl023851 · Cited by 1,306
Flagged first, then by citations
4 of the 102 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Rodgers, K. B., Friederichs, P. & Latif, M. Tropical pacific decadal variability and its relation to decadal modulations of ENSO. J. Clim. 17, 3761–3774 (2004). · DOI
- An, S.-I. & Jin, F.-F. Nonlinearity and asymmetry of ENSO. J. Clim. 17, 2399–2412 (2004). · DOI
- An, S.-I. & Jin, F.-F. Collective role of thermocline and zonal advective feedbacks in the ENSO mode. J. Clim. 14, 3421–3432 (2001). · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
El Niño–Southern Oscillation complexity
Timmermann, A., An, S., Kug, J., Jin, F., Cai, W., Capotondi, A. M., Cobb, K. M., Lengaigne, M., McPhaden, M. J., Stuecker, M. F., et al. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0252-6 · Cited by 1,349
Self-citationPantropical climate interactions
Cai, W., Wu, L., Lengaigne, M., Li, T., McGregor, S., Kug, J., Yu, J., Stuecker, M. F., Santoso, A., Li, X., et al. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aav4236 · Cited by 880
Self-citationClimate impacts of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation on South America
Cai, W., McPhaden, M. J., Grimm, A. M., Rodrigues, R. R., Taschetto, A. S., Garreaud, R. D., Dewitte, B., Poveda, G., Ham, Y.-G., Santoso, A., et al. (2020) · Nature Reviews Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43017-020-0040-3 · Cited by 782
Self-citationChanging El Niño–Southern Oscillation in a warming climate
Cai, W., Santoso, A., Collins, M., Dewitte, B., Karamperidou, C., Kug, J.-S., Lengaigne, M., McPhaden, M. J., Stuecker, M. F., Taschetto, A. S., et al. (2021) · Nature Reviews Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43017-021-00199-z · Cited by 702
Self-citationJimenez-Munoz, J. C., Mattar, C., Barichivich, J., Santamaría-Artigas, A., Takahashi, K. I., Malhi, Y. S., Sobrino, J. A., & van der Schrier, G. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep33130 · Cited by 675
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Cai, W., Santoso, A., Wang, G., Yeh, S.-W., An, S.-I., Cobb, K. M., Collins, M., Guilyardi, E., Jin, F.-F., Kug, J.-S., Lengaigne, M., McPhaden, M. J., Takahashi, K., Timmermann, A., Vecchi, G., Watanabe, M., & Wu, L.
- Affiliations
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere (AU)
- Australian Research Council (AU)
- Hanyang University (KR)
- Yonsei University (KR)
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US)
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (KR)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US)
- Instituto Geofísico del Perú (PE)
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo (JP)
- Ocean University of China (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Cai, Wenju
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Climate Change
- Published
- 2015-08-17
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 849-859
- ISSN
- 1758-678X (ISSN-L)
- 1758-6798
- OpenAlex
- W1665721417
- Cited by
- 891
- References
- 102
- Citations by year
- 2026: 47 · 2025: 78 · 2024: 81 · 2023: 86 · 2022: 86 · 2021: 116 · 2020: 111 · 2019: 88 · 2018: 81 · 2017: 71 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 7
- FWCI
- 54.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- other-oa
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Climate Change (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Open Access System for Information Sharing (Pohang University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Natural Environment Research Council (ncas10009, NE/I022841/1)
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (26247079)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate Change and Environmental Impact
- Keywords
- ENSO, global warming, Walker circulation, extreme El Niño, ocean warming, extreme weather events, climate model bias
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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