Continued increase of extreme El Niño frequency long after 1.5 °C warming stabilization

An Overview of CMIP5 and the Experiment Design

Taylor, K. E., Stouffer, R. J., & Meehl, G. A. (2012) · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · doi:10.1175/bams-d-11-00094.1 · Cited by 14,052

The next generation of scenarios for climate change research and assessment

Moss, R. H., Edmonds, J. A., Hibbard, K. A., Manning, M. R., Rose, S. K., van Vuuren, D. P., Carter, T. R., Emori, S., Kainuma, M., Kram, T., et al. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08823 · Cited by 6,467

Greenhouse-gas emission targets for limiting global warming to 2 °C

Meinshausen, M., Meinshausen, N., Hare, W., Raper, S. C. B., Frieler, K., Knutti, R., Frame, D. J., & Allen, M. R. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08017 · Cited by 2,775

ENSO as an Integrating Concept in Earth Science

McPhaden, M. J., Zebiak, S. E., & Glantz, M. H. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1132588 · Cited by 2,236

Increasing frequency of extreme El Niño events due to greenhouse warming.

Cai, W., Borlace, S., Lengaigne, M., van Rensch, P., Collins, M., Vecchi, G., Timmermann, A., Santoso, A., McPhaden, M. J., Wu, L., et al. (2014) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate2100 · Cited by 2,198

Anthropogenic contribution to global occurrence of heavy-precipitation and high-temperature extremes

Fischer, E. M., & Knutti, R. (2015) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate2617 · Cited by 1,427

Sea-level rise due to polar ice-sheet mass loss during past warm periods

Dutton, A. L., Carlson, A. E., Long, A. J., Milne, G. A., Clark, P. U., DeConto, R. M., Horton, B. P., Rahmstorf, S., & Raymo, M. E. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaa4019 · Cited by 904

Energy system transformations for limiting end-of-century warming to below 1.5 °C

Rogelj, J., Luderer, G., Pietzcker, R. C., Kriegler, E., Schaeffer, M., Krey, V., & Riahi, K. (2015) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate2572 · Cited by 875

Increased frequency of extreme La Niña events under greenhouse warming

Cai, W., Wang, G., Santoso, A., McPhaden, M. J., Wu, L., Jin, F., Timmermann, A., Collins, M. D., Vecchi, G. A., Lengaigne, M., et al. (2015) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate2492 · Cited by 733

ENSO regimes: Reinterpreting the canonical and Modoki El Niño

Takahashi, K. I., Montecinos, A., Goubanova, K., & Dewitte, B. (2011) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2011gl047364 · Cited by 692

Changing El Niño–Southern Oscillation in a warming climate

Cai, W., Santoso, A., Collins, M., Dewitte, B., Karamperidou, C., Kug, J.-S., Lengaigne, M., McPhaden, M. J., Stuecker, M. F., Taschetto, A. S., et al. (2021) · Nature Reviews Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43017-021-00199-z · Cited by 702

The Defining Characteristics of ENSO Extremes and the Strong 2015/2016 El Niño

Santoso, A., McPhaden, M. J., & Cai, W. (2017) · Reviews of Geophysics · doi:10.1002/2017rg000560 · Cited by 597

ENSO Atmospheric Teleconnections and Their Response to Greenhouse Gas Forcing

Yeh, S., Cai, W., Min, S., McPhaden, M. J., Dommenget, D., Dewitte, B., Collins, M. D., Ashok, K., An, S., Yim, B., et al. (2018) · Reviews of Geophysics · doi:10.1002/2017rg000568 · Cited by 577

El Niño–Southern Oscillation and its impact in the changing climate

Yang, S., Li, Z., Yu, J., Hu, X., Dong, W., & He, S. (2018) · National Science Review · doi:10.1093/nsr/nwy046 · Cited by 340

Climate change as a global amplifier of human–wildlife conflict

Abrahms, B. L., Carter, N., Clark, T. J., Gaynor, K. M., Johansson, E., McInturff, A., Nisi, A. C., Rafiq, K., & West, L. (2023) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/s41558-023-01608-5 · Cited by 299

Climate change attribution and the economic costs of extreme weather events: a study on damages from extreme rainfall and drought

Frame, D. J., Rosier, S. M., Noy, I., Harrington, L. J., Carey‐Smith, T., Sparrow, S., Stone, D. A., & Dean, S. M. (2020) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-020-02729-y · Cited by 273

Increased ENSO sea surface temperature variability under four IPCC emission scenarios

Cai, W., Ng, B., Wang, G., Santoso, A., Wu, L., & Yang, K. (2022) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/s41558-022-01282-z · Cited by 263

Amazon drought and forest response: Largely reduced forest photosynthesis but slightly increased canopy greenness during the extreme drought of 2015/2016

Yang, J., Tian, H., Pan, S., Chen, G., Zhang, B., & Dangal, S. R. S. (2018) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.14056 · Cited by 235

Climate tipping point interactions and cascades: a review

Wunderling, N., von der Heydt, A. S., Aksenov, Y., Barker, S., Bastiaansen, R., Brovkin, V. A., Brunetti, M., Couplet, V., Kleinen, T., Lear, C. H., et al. (2024) · Earth System Dynamics · doi:10.5194/esd-15-41-2024 · Cited by 240

The many possible climates from the Paris Agreement’s aim of 1.5 °C warming

Seneviratne, S. I., Rogelj, J., Séférian, R., Wartenburger, R., Allen, M. R., Cain, M. L., Millar, R. J., Ebi, K. L., Ellis, N. R., Hoegh‐Guldberg, O., et al. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0181-4 · Cited by 214

ENSO Atmospheric Teleconnections

Taschetto, A. S., Ummenhofer, C. C., Stuecker, M. F., Dommenget, D., Ashok, K., Rodrigues, R. R., & Yeh, S. (2020) · Geophysical monograph · doi:10.1002/9781119548164.ch14 · Cited by 223

Indian Ocean Dipole in CMIP5 and CMIP6: characteristics, biases, and links to ENSO

McKenna, S., Santoso, A., Gupta, A. S., Taschetto, A. S., & Cai, W. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-68268-9 · Cited by 208

Pacific shoreline erosion and accretion patterns controlled by El Niño/Southern Oscillation

Vos, K., Harley, M. D., Turner, I. L., & Splinter, K. D. (2023) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/s41561-022-01117-8 · Cited by 189

Anthropogenic impacts on twentieth-century ENSO variability changes

Cai, W., Ng, B., Geng, T., Jia, F., Wu, L., Wang, G., Liu, Y., Gan, B., Yang, K., Santoso, A., et al. (2023) · Nature Reviews Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43017-023-00427-8 · Cited by 176

Impacts of 1.5°C Global Warming on Natural and Human Systems

IPCC (2022) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009157940.005 · Cited by 178

Comparison of past and future simulations of ENSO in CMIP5/PMIP3 and CMIP6/PMIP4 models

Brown, J. R., Brierley, C., An, S., Guarino, M. V., Stevenson, S. L., Williams, C. J. R., Zhang, Q., Zhao, A., Abe‐Ouchi, A., Braconnot, P., et al. (2020) · Climate of the past · doi:10.5194/cp-16-1777-2020 · Cited by 155

Vulnerability of the Great Barrier Reef to climate change and local pressures

Wolff, N. H., Mumby, P. J., Devlin, M. J., & Anthony, K. R. N. (2018) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.14043 · Cited by 134

Meteorological Drivers and Large-Scale Climate Forcing of West Antarctic Surface Melt

Scott, R. C., Nicolas, J. P., Bromwich, D. H., Norris, J. R., & Lubin, D. (2018) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/jcli-d-18-0233.1 · Cited by 130

The impact of climate change on coastal erosion in Southeast Asia and the compelling need to establish robust adaptation strategies

Dong, W. S., Ismailluddin, A., Yun, L. S., Ariffin, E. H., Saengsupavanich, C., Maulud, K. N. A., Ramli, M. Z., Miskon, M. F., Jeofry, H., Mohamed, J., et al. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25609 · Cited by 135

Site fidelity as a maladaptive behavior in the Anthropocene

Merkle, J. A., Abrahms, B. L., Armstrong, J. B., Sawyer, H., da Costa, D. P., & Chalfoun, A. D. (2022) · Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment · doi:10.1002/fee.2456 · Cited by 124

Coral reef resilience to thermal stress in the Eastern Tropical Pacific

Romero‐Torres, M., Acosta, A., Palacio‐Castro, A. M., Treml, E. A., Zapata, F. A., Paz‐García, D. A., & Porter, J. W. (2020) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.15126 · Cited by 99

Extremes, Abrupt Changes and Managing Risks

(IPCC), I. P. O. C. C. (2022) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009157964.008 · Cited by 115

Projected Changes in the Asian‐Australian Monsoon Region in 1.5°C and 2.0°C Global‐Warming Scenarios

Chevuturi, A., Klingaman, N. P., Turner, A. G., & Hannah, S. (2018) · Earth s Future · doi:10.1002/2017ef000734 · Cited by 97

Robust decrease in El Niño/Southern Oscillation amplitude under long-term warming

Callahan, C. W., Chen, C., Rugenstein, M., Bloch-Johnson, J., Yang, S., & Moyer, E. J. (2021) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/s41558-021-01099-2 · Cited by 87

South America is becoming warmer, drier, and more flammable

Feron, S. C., Cordero, R. R., Damiani, A., MacDonell, S. A., Pizarro, J., Goubanova, K., Valenzuela, R. A., Wang, C., Rester, L., & Beaulieu, A. (2024) · Communications Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43247-024-01654-7 · Cited by 95

The impact of urban compactness on energy-related greenhouse gas emissions across EU member states: Population density vs physical compactness

Xu, C., Haase, D., Su, M., & Yang, Z. (2019) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113671 · Cited by 86

Stabilised frequency of extreme positive Indian Ocean Dipole under 1.5 °C warming

Cai, W., Wang, G., Gan, B., Wu, L., Santoso, A., Lin, X., Chen, Z., Jia, F., & Yamagata, T. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03789-6 · Cited by 87

Climate change-related risks and adaptation potential in Central and South America during the 21st century

Hagen, I., Huggel, C., Ramajo, L., Chacón, N., Ometto, J. P., Postigo, J. C., & Castellanos, E. J. (2022) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac5271 · Cited by 93

Influence of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation on Global Coastal Flooding

Muis, S., Haigh, I. D., Nobre, G. G., Aerts, J. C. J. H., & Ward, P. J. (2018) · Earth s Future · doi:10.1029/2018ef000909 · Cited by 81

Application of the Bias Correction and Spatial Downscaling Algorithm on the Temperature Extremes From CMIP5 Multimodel Ensembles in China

Xu, L., & Wang, A. (2019) · Earth and Space Science · doi:10.1029/2019ea000995 · Cited by 80

The Blue Compendium

Lubchenco, J., & Haugan, P. M. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-16277-0 · Cited by 80

Population exposure to droughts in China under the 1.5 °C global warming target

Chen, J., Liu, Y., Pan, T., Liu, Y., Sun, F., & Ge, Q. (2018) · Earth System Dynamics · doi:10.5194/esd-9-1097-2018 · Cited by 75

ENSO Response to Greenhouse Forcing

Cai, W., Santoso, A., Wang, G., Wu, L., Collins, M. D., Lengaigne, M., Power, S. B., & Timmermann, A. (2020) · Geophysical monograph · doi:10.1002/9781119548164.ch13 · Cited by 68

Global trends in the frequency and duration of temperature extremes

Sorte, F. A. L., Johnston, A., & Ault, T. R. (2021) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-021-03094-0 · Cited by 69

Spatially Distinct Effects of Two El Niño Types on Summer Heat Extremes in China

Gao, T., Luo, M., Lau, N., & Chan, T. O. (2020) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2020gl086982 · Cited by 64

Intensified East Asian summer monsoon and associated precipitation mode shift under the 1.5 °C global warming target

Wang, T., Miao, J., Sun, J., & Fu, Y. (2017) · Advances in Climate Change Research · doi:10.1016/j.accre.2017.12.002 · Cited by 62

Dynamics and Predictability of El Niño–Southern Oscillation: An Australian Perspective on Progress and Challenges

Santoso, A., Hendon, H. H., Watkins, A., Power, S. B., Dommenget, D., England, M. H., Frankcombe, L. M., Holbrook, N. J., Holmes, R. M., Hope, P. K., et al. (2018) · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · doi:10.1175/bams-d-18-0057.1 · Cited by 62

Dry-Season Snow Cover Losses in the Andes (18°–40°S) driven by Changes in Large-Scale Climate Modes

Cordero, R. R., Asencio, V., Feron, S. C., Damiani, A., Llanillo, P., Sepúlveda, E., Jorquera, J., Carrasco, J. F., & Gino Casassa, R. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-53486-7 · Cited by 61

Asian Summer Monsoon‐Related Relative Humidity Recorded by Tree Ring δ18O During Last 205 Years

Liu, Y., Wang, L., Li, Q., Cai, Q., Song, H., Sun, C., Liu, R., & Mei, R. (2019) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2019jd030512 · Cited by 57

Critical climate issues toward carbon neutrality targets

Huang, G., Xu, Z., Qü, X., Cao, J., Long, S., Yang, K., Hou, H., Wang, Y., & Ma, X. (2022) · Fundamental Research · doi:10.1016/j.fmre.2022.02.011 · Cited by 56

Causes and consequences of insect decline in tropical forests

Boyle, M. J. W., Bonebrake, T. C., da Silva, K. D., Dongmo, M. A. K., França, F. M., Gregory, N., Kitching, R. L., Ledger, M. J., Lewis, O. T., Sharp, A. C., et al. (2025) · Nature Reviews Biodiversity · doi:10.1038/s44358-025-00038-9 · Cited by 58

Root causes of recurrent catastrophe: The political ecology of El Niño-related disasters in Peru

French, A., Mechler, R., Arestegui, M., MacClune, K., & Cisneros, A. (2020) · International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction · doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101539 · Cited by 59

Limited reversal of regional climate signals in overshoot scenarios

Pfleiderer, P., Schleussner, C., & Sillmann, J. (2024) · Environmental Research Climate · doi:10.1088/2752-5295/ad1c45 · Cited by 55

Incremental improvements of 2030 targets insufficient to achieve the Paris Agreement goals

Geiges, A., Nauels, A., Yanguas-Parra, P. A., Andrijevic, M., Hare, B., Pfleiderer, P., Schaeffer, M., & Schleussner, C. (2020) · Earth System Dynamics · doi:10.5194/esd-11-697-2020 · Cited by 50

Declines and recovery in endangered Galapagos pinnipeds during the El Niño event

Páez‐Rosas, D., Torres, J., Espinoza, E., Marchetti, A., Seim, H. E., & Riofrío‐Lazo, M. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-88350-0 · Cited by 50

How to Perform an Ethical Risk Analysis (eRA)

Hansson, S. O. (2018) · Risk Analysis · doi:10.1111/risa.12978 · Cited by 48

The impacts of extreme El Niño events on sea turtle nesting populations

Tomillo, P. S., Fonseca, L. G., Ward, M., Tankersley, N., Robinson, N. J., Orrego, C. M., Paladino, F. V., & Saba, V. S. (2020) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-020-02658-w · Cited by 49

Galápagos upwelling driven by localized wind–front interactions

Forryan, A., Garabato, A. C. N., Vic, C., Nurser, A. J. G., & Hearn, A. R. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-80609-2 · Cited by 48

1.5°C Hotspots: Climate Hazards, Vulnerabilities, and Impacts

Schleussner, C.-F., Deryng, D., D'haen, S., Hare, W., Lissner, T., Ly, M., Nauels, A., Noblet, M., Pfleiderer, P., Pringle, P., et al. (2018) · Annual Review of Environment and Resources · doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-102017-025835 · Cited by 45

Unprecedented climate extremes in South Africa and implications for maize production

Bradshaw, C. P., Pope, E., Kay, G., Davie, J. C. S., Cottrell, A., Bacon, J., Cosse, A., Dunstone, N., Jennings, S. A., Challinor, A. J., et al. (2022) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac816d · Cited by 49

Hysteresis of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation to CO 2 forcing

Liu, C., An, S., Jin, F., Shin, J., Kug, J., Zhang, W., Stuecker, M. F., Yuan, X., Xue, A., Geng, X., et al. (2023) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adh8442 · Cited by 49

Dynamical Aspects of the Recent Strong El Niño Events and Its Climate Impacts in Northeast Brazil

de Medeiros, F. J., & de Oliveira, C. P. (2021) · Pure and Applied Geophysics · doi:10.1007/s00024-021-02758-3 · Cited by 45

Extremes, Abrupt Changes and Managing Risks

(IPCC), I. P. O. C. C. (2022) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009157964.014 · Cited by 44

Antarctica-Regional Climate and Surface Mass Budget

Favier, V., Krinner, G., Amory, C., Gallée, H., Beaumet, J., & Agosta, C. (2017) · Current Climate Change Reports · doi:10.1007/s40641-017-0072-z · Cited by 46

Migratory routes and wintering locations of declining inland North American Common Terns

Bracey, A. M., Lisovski, S., Moore, D., McKellar, A. E., Craig, E. C., Matteson, S. W., Strand, F., Costa, J., Pekarik, C., Curtis, P. D., et al. (2018) · The Auk · doi:10.1642/auk-17-210.1 · Cited by 40

The Response of Tropical Organized Convection to El Niño Warming

Sullivan, S. C., Schiro, K. A., Stubenrauch, C. J., & Gentine, P. (2019) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2019jd031026 · Cited by 42

Indo-Pacific Climate Modes in Warming Climate: Consensus and Uncertainty Across Model Projections

Zheng, X. (2019) · Current Climate Change Reports · doi:10.1007/s40641-019-00152-9 · Cited by 40

The Climate Change Imperative to Transform Disaster Risk Management

Glasser, R. (2020) · International Journal of Disaster Risk Science · doi:10.1007/s13753-020-00248-z · Cited by 39

Exploitation may influence the climate resilience of fish populations through removing high performance metabolic phenotypes

Duncan, M. I., Bates, A. E., James, N. C., & Potts, W. M. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-47395-y · Cited by 40

Is flooding considered a threat in the degraded tropical peatlands?

Lupascu, M., Varkkey, H. M., & Tortajada, C. (2020) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137988 · Cited by 38

The Expected Impacts of Climate Change on the Ocean Economy

Gaines, S. D., Cabral, R., Free, C. M., Golbuu, Y., Árnason, R., Battista, W., Bradley, D., Cheung, W., Fabricius, K., Hoegh‐Guldberg, O., et al. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-16277-0_2 · Cited by 38

Increase in convective extreme El Niño events in a CO 2 removal scenario

Pathirana, U. P. G., Oh, J., Cai, W., An, S., Min, S., Jo, S., Shin, J., & Kug, J. (2023) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adh2412 · Cited by 36

Changes in leaf functional traits of rainforest canopy trees associated with an El Niño event in Borneo

Nunes, M. H., Both, S., Bongalov, B., Brelsford, C. C., Khoury, S., Burslem, D. F. R. P., Philipson, C. D., Majalap, N., Riutta, T., Coomes, D. A., et al. (2019) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ab2eae · Cited by 33

Crop farming adaptation to droughts in small-scale dryland agriculture in Chile

Zúñiga, F., Jaime, M., & Salazar, C. (2021) · Water Resources and Economics · doi:10.1016/j.wre.2021.100176 · Cited by 33

The Effects of Environmental Regulation on the Singapore Stock Market

Pham, H. N. A., Nguyen, T. H. V., Ramiah, V., Mudalige, P., & Moosa, I. A. (2019) · Journal of risk and financial management · doi:10.3390/jrfm12040175 · Cited by 32

Tropical Pacific climate variability under solar geoengineering: impacts on ENSO extremes

Malik, A., Nowack, P. J., Haigh, J. D., Cao, L., Atique, L., & Plancherel, Y. (2020) · Atmospheric chemistry and physics · doi:10.5194/acp-20-15461-2020 · Cited by 32

Varying contributions of fast and slow responses cause asymmetric tropical rainfall change between CO2 ramp-up and ramp-down

Zhou, S., Huang, P., Xie, S., Huang, G., & Wang, L. (2022) · 中国科学通报：英文版 · doi:10.1016/j.scib.2022.07.010 · Cited by 31

El Niño drives a widespread ulcerative skin disease outbreak in Galapagos marine fishes

Lamb, R. W., Smith, F., Aued, A. W., Salinas‐de‐León, P., Suárez, J., Marta Gómez-chiarri, G., Smolowitz, R. M., Giray, C., & Witman, J. D. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-34929-z · Cited by 31

Basin-scale oceanographic processes, zooplankton community structure, and diet and reproduction of a sentinel North Pacific seabird over a 22-year period

Hipfner, J. M., Galbraith, M. D., Bertram, D. F., & Green, D. J. (2020) · Progress In Oceanography · doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2020.102290 · Cited by 33

Sustainable Water Security Based on the SDG Framework: A Case Study of the 2019 Metro Manila Water Crisis

Lee, H., Son, J., Joo, D., Ha, J., Yun, S., Lim, C.-H., & Lee, W. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12176860 · Cited by 30

Dynamics of Carbon Accumulation in Tropical Dry Forests under Climate Change Extremes

Calvo-Rodríguez, S., Sánchez-Azofeifa, A. G., Durán, S. M., do Espírito-Santo, M. M., & Nunes, Y. R. F. (2021) · Forests · doi:10.3390/f12010106 · Cited by 34

Effects of Environmental Factors on the Changes in MODIS NPP along DEM in Global Terrestrial Ecosystems over the Last Two Decades

Wang, Z., Wang, H., Wang, T., Wang, L., Huang, X., Zheng, K., & Liu, X. (2022) · Remote Sensing · doi:10.3390/rs14030713 · Cited by 30

ENSO's Shrinking Twentieth‐Century Footprint Revealed in a Half‐Millennium Coral Core From the South Pacific Convergence Zone

Tangri, N., Dunbar, R. B., Linsley, B. K., & Mucciarone, D. A. (2018) · Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology · doi:10.1029/2017pa003310 · Cited by 28

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Vegetation Changes Along the Belt and Road Initiative Region From 1982 to 2015

Fan, D., Ni, L., Jiang, X., Fang, S., Wu, H. B., & Zhang, X. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.3007073 · Cited by 28

Thermal tolerance, safety margins and vulnerability of coastal species: Projected impact of climate change induced cold water variability in a temperate African region

van der Walt, K.-A., Porri, F., Potts, W. M., Duncan, M. I., & James, N. C. (2021) · Marine Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105346 · Cited by 31

Mechanisms causing east Australian spring rainfall differences between three strong El Niño events

van Rensch, P., Arblaster, J. M., Gallant, A., Cai, W., Nicholls, N., & Durack, P. J. (2019) · Climate Dynamics · doi:10.1007/s00382-019-04732-1 · Cited by 29

Tree size and leaf traits determine the fertility island effect in Prosopis pallida dryland forest in Northern Peru

Salazar, P. C., Navarro-Cerrillo, R. M., Grados, N., Cruz, G., Barrón, V., & Villar, R. (2019) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-019-03965-7 · Cited by 27

Modulation of centennial-scale hydroclimate variations in the middle Yangtze River Valley by the East Asian-Pacific pattern and ENSO over the past two millennia

Zhang, J., Zhao, K., Wang, Y., Kong, X., Shao, X., Liang, Y., Cui, Y., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., & Shao, Q. (2021) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2021.117220 · Cited by 27

Does Extreme El Niño Have a Different Effect on the Stratosphere in Boreal Winter Than Its Moderate Counterpart?

Zhou, X., Li, J., Xie, F., Chen, Q., Ding, R., Zhang, W., & Li, Y. (2018) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1002/2017jd028064 · Cited by 27

Threats and Vision for the Conservation of Galápagos Birds

Jiménez-Uzcátegui, G., Wiedenfeld, D. A., Valle, C. A., Vargas, H. A., Piedrahita, P. M., Muñoz‐Abril, L., & Alava, J. J. (2019) · The Open Ornithology Journal · doi:10.2174/1874453201912010001 · Cited by 26

A Century of Drought in Hawaiʻi: Geospatial Analysis and Synthesis across Hydrological, Ecological, and Socioeconomic Scales

Frazier, A. G., Giardina, C. P., Giambelluca, T. W., Brewington, L., Chen, Y., Chu, P., Fortini, L. B., Hall, D., Helweg, D. A., Keener, V. W., et al. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su141912023 · Cited by 25

Drought cuts back regeneration in logged tropical forests

Qie, L., Telford, E., Massam, M. R., Tangki, H., Nilus, R., Hector, A., & Ewers, R. M. (2019) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ab0783 · Cited by 26

Future changes in coverage of 1.5 °C and 2 °C warming thresholds

Tian, D., Dong, W., Zhang, H., Guo, Y., Yang, S., & Dai, T. (2017) · 中国科学通报：英文版 · doi:10.1016/j.scib.2017.09.023 · Cited by 24

How Significant Was the 1877/78 El Niño?

Huang, B., L’Heureux, M. L., Hu, Z., Yin, X., & Zhang, H. (2020) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/jcli-d-19-0650.1 · Cited by 24

How urbanization enhanced exposure to climate risks in the Pacific: A case study in the Republic of Palau

Mason, D., Iida, A., WATANABE, S., Jackson, L., & Yokohari, M. (2020) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/abb9dc · Cited by 23

Effect of climate and ENSO events on Prosopis pallida forests along a climatic gradient

Salazar, P. C., Navarro-Cerrillo, R. M., Ancajima, E., Duque‐Lazo, J., Rodríguez, R., Ghezzi, I., & Mabres, A. (2018) · Forestry An International Journal of Forest Research · doi:10.1093/forestry/cpy014 · Cited by 23

Changes in productivity and carbon storage of grasslands in China under future global warming scenarios of 1.5°C and 2°C

Wang, Z., Chang, J., Peng, S., Piao, S. L., Ciais, P., & Betts, R. (2019) · Journal of Plant Ecology · doi:10.1093/jpe/rtz024 · Cited by 23

El Niño – Southern Oscillation drives variations in growth and otolith chemistry in a top predatory fish

Reis‐Santos, P., Condini, M. V., de Albuquerque, C. Q., Saint’Pierre, T. D., Garcia, A., Gillanders, B. M., & Tanner, S. E. (2020) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106989 · Cited by 22

Unusual Anomaly Pattern of the 2015/2016 Extreme El Niño Induced by the 2014 Warm Condition

Zhong, W., Cai, W., Zheng, X., & Yang, S. (2019) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2019gl085681 · Cited by 22

More robust changes in the East Asian winter monsoon from 1.5 to 2.0°C global warming targets

Miao, J., Wang, T., & Chen, D. (2020) · International Journal of Climatology · doi:10.1002/joc.6485 · Cited by 23

Enhanced influence of tropical Atlantic variability on East Asian summer monsoon in warming climate

Chen, S., Chen, W., Wu, R., Xie, S., Wang, C., Yeh, S.-W., Wang, Z., Zheng, Y., & Song, L. (2026) · The Innovation Geoscience · doi:10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2026.100207 · Cited by 20

Dynamic strategies offer potential to reduce lethal ship collisions with large whales under changing climate conditions

Hausner, A. L. P., Samhouri, J. F., Hazen, E. L., Delgerjargal, D., & Abrahms, B. L. (2021) · Marine Policy · doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104565 · Cited by 20

Future increase in extreme El Nino events under greenhouse warming increases Zika virus incidence in South America

Rao, V. B., Maneesha, K., Sravya, P., Franchito, S. H., Dasari, H. P., & Gan, M. A. (2019) · npj Climate and Atmospheric Science · doi:10.1038/s41612-019-0061-0 · Cited by 19

Localised intermittent upwelling intensity has increased along South Africa’s south coast due toEl Niño–Southern Oscillation phase state

Duncan, M. I., James, N. C., Bates, A. E., Goschen, W. S., & Potts, W. M. (2019) · African Journal of Marine Science · doi:10.2989/1814232x.2019.1656105 · Cited by 22

The key role of background sea surface temperature over the cold tongue in asymmetric responses of the Arctic stratosphere to El Niño–Southern Oscillation

Xie, F., Zhou, X., Li, J., Sun, C. J., Feng, J., & Ma, X. (2018) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aae79b · Cited by 18

Influence of Shelf Break Processes on the Transport of Warm Waters Onto the Eastern Amundsen Sea Continental Shelf

Azaneu, M., Webber, B. G. M., Heywood, K. J., Assmann, K. M., Dotto, T. S., & Abrahamsen, E. P. (2023) · Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans · doi:10.1029/2022jc019535 · Cited by 18

Seasonality and Budgets of Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions From a Tropical Dry Forest Successional Gradient in Costa Rica

Calvo-Rodríguez, S., Kiese, R., & Sánchez-Azofeifa, A. G. (2020) · Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences · doi:10.1029/2020jg005647 · Cited by 18

Intrusion of Kuroshio Helps to Diminish Coastal Hypoxia in the Coast of Northern South China Sea

Lui, H., Chen, C. A., Hou, W., Liau, J., Chou, W., Wang, Y., Wu, C., Lee, J., Hsin, Y., & Choi, Y.-Y. (2020) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.565952 · Cited by 18

A changing estuary: Understanding historical patterns in salinity and fecal coliform levels in the May River, SC

Soueidan, J., Alan, W., Pearson, M., & Montie, E. W. (2021) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112384 · Cited by 18

Extreme El Niño Events

Dewitte, B., & Takahashi, K. I. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809248-4.00006-6 · Cited by 18

Stabilised frequency of extreme positive Indian Ocean Dipole under 1.5 °C warming

Cai, W., Wang, G., Gan, B., Wu, L., Santoso, A., Lin, X., Chen, Z., Jia, F., & Yamagata, T. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03789-6 · Cited by 87

Frequency of extreme El Niño and La Niña events under global warming

Marjani, S., Alizadeh-Choobari, O., & Parviz Irannejad, M. (2019) · Climate Dynamics · doi:10.1007/s00382-019-04902-1 · Cited by 64

Over-projected Pacific warming and extreme El Niño frequency due to CMIP5 common biases

Tang, T., Luo, J., Peng, K., Qi, L., & Tang, S. (2021) · National Science Review · doi:10.1093/nsr/nwab056 · Cited by 44

Characterization of simulated extreme El Niño events and projected impacts on South American climate extremes by a set of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 global climate models

Gulizia, C. N., & Pirotte, M. N. (2021) · International Journal of Climatology · doi:10.1002/joc.7231 · Cited by 16

Increased frequency of extreme La Niña events under greenhouse warming

Cai, W., Wang, G., Santoso, A., McPhaden, M. J., Wu, L., Jin, F., Timmermann, A., Collins, M. D., Vecchi, G. A., Lengaigne, M., et al. (2015) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate2492 · Cited by 733