Cited by 321Genomics and Phylogenetic StudiesGenetic diversity and population structureGenetic and phenotypic traits in livestock

The tiger genome and comparative analysis with lion and snow leopard genomes

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Cho, Yun Sung, Hu, Li, Hou, Haolong, Lee, Hang, Xu, Jiaohui, Kwon, Soowhan, Oh, Sukhun, Kim, Hak-Min +50 more·2013·Nature Communications

Abstract

Tigers and their close relatives (Panthera) are some of the world’s most endangered species. Here we report the de novo assembly of an Amur tiger whole-genome sequence as well as the genomic sequences of a white Bengal tiger, African lion, white African lion and snow leopard. Through comparative genetic analyses of these genomes, we find genetic signatures that may reflect molecular adaptations consistent with the big cats’ hypercarnivorous diet and muscle strength. We report a snow leopard-specific genetic determinant in EGLN1 (Met39>Lys39), which is likely to be associated with adaptation to high altitude. We also detect a TYR260G>A mutation likely responsible for the white lion coat colour. Tiger and cat genomes show similar repeat composition and an appreciably conserved synteny. Genomic data from the five big cats provide an invaluable resource for resolving easily identifiable phenotypes evident in very close, but distinct, species. Tigers are an endangered species and therefore understanding their genetic architecture could aid conservation efforts. Here, the authors report the first genome sequence of the Amur tiger and, through close species comparative genomic analysis, provide insight into the genome organization, evolutionary divergence and diversity of big cats.

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Authors
Cho, Y. S., Hu, L., Hou, H., Lee, H., Xu, J., Kwon, S., Oh, S., Kim, H.-M., Jho, S., Kim, S., Shin, Y.-A., Kim, B. C., Kim, H., Kim, C.-U., Luo, S.-J., Johnson, W. E., Koepfli, K.-P., Schmidt-Küntzel, A., Turner, J. A., Marker, L., Harper, C., Miller, S. M., Jacobs, W., Bertola, L. D., Kim, T. H., Lee, S., Zhou, Q., Jung, H.-J., Xu, X., Gadhvi, P., Xu, P., Xiong, Y., Luo, Y., Pan, S., Gou, C., Chu, X., Zhang, J., Liu, S., He, J., Chen, Y., Yang, L., Yang, Y., He, J., Liu, S., Wang, J., Kim, C. H., Kwak, H., Kim, J.-S., Hwang, S., Ko, J., Kim, C.-B., Kim, S., Bayarlkhagva, D., Paek, W. K., Kim, S.-J., O’Brien, S. J., Wang, J., & Bhak, J.
Affiliations
  • Genome Research Foundation (KR)
  • BGI Group (China) (CN)
  • Seoul National University (KR)
  • Samsung (South Korea) (KR)
  • Soongsil University (KR)
  • Sangmyung University (KR)
  • Peking University (CN)
  • Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute (US)
  • St Petersburg University (RU)
  • Cheetah Conservation Fund (NA)
  • University of Pretoria (ZA)
  • Tshwane University of Technology (ZA)
  • Leiden University (NL)
  • Theragen (KR)
  • Korea Bioinformation Center (KR)
  • National Science Museum (KR)
Corresponding author
  • Wang, Junyi
  • O’Brien, Stephen J.
  • Wang, Jun
  • Bhak, Jong
Venue
Nature Communications
Published
2013-09-17
Volume
4
Issue
1
Pages
2433-2433
ISSN
2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2154096947
Cited by
312
References
53
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 1
FWCI
9.56
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature Communications (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
  • NSUWorks (Nova Southeastern University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • KRIBB Repository (submittedVersion)
  • UpSpace Institutional Repository (University of Pretoria) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Scholarworks@UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
  • National Research Foundation
  • Ministry of Knowledge Economy
  • Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (2008-2004707, NRF-2008-2004707)
  • National Research Foundation of Korea (2008-2004707, NRF-2008)
  • Megagrants
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
Keywords
Amur tiger, African lion, snow leopard, big cats, comparative genomics, de novo genome assembly, muscle strength, EGLN1, high-altitude adaptation, synteny conservation, endangered species conservation, Panthera
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Physiological, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Lions, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Population Density, Genetic Variation, Genome, Synteny, Panthera, Tigers

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