The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Photovoltaic effect in few-layer black phosphorus PN junctions defined by local electrostatic gating
Open accessAbstract
In conventional photovoltaic solar cells, photogenerated carriers are extracted by the built-in electric field of a semiconductor PN junction, defined by ionic dopants. In atomically thin semiconductors, the doping level can be controlled by the field effect, enabling the implementation of electrically tunable PN junctions. However, most two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors do not show ambipolar transport, which is necessary to realize PN junctions. Few-layer black phosphorus (b-P) is a recently isolated 2D semiconductor with direct bandgap, high mobility, large current on/off ratios and ambipolar operation. Here we fabricate few-layer b-P field-effect transistors with split gates and hexagonal boron nitride dielectric. We demonstrate electrostatic control of the local charge carrier type and density in the device. Illuminating a gate-defined PN junction, we observe zero-bias photocurrents and significant open-circuit voltages due to the photovoltaic effect. The small bandgap of the material allows power generation for illumination wavelengths up to 940 nm, attractive for energy harvesting in the near-infrared. Ambipolar transport, necessary to realise PN-junctions, is unfortunately missing from most two-dimensional semiconductors. Here, the authors fabricate few-layer black phosphorous field-effect transistors, define PN-junctions and demonstrate full electrostatic control of the device by means of local gating.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films
Novoselov, K. S., Geim, A. K., Morozov, S. V., Jiang, D., Zhang, Y., Dubonos, S. V., Grigorieva, I. V., & Firsov, A. A. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1102896 · Cited by 66,834
Measurement of the Elastic Properties and Intrinsic Strength of Monolayer Graphene
Lee, C., Wei, X., Kysar, J. W., & Hone, J. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1157996 · Cited by 20,847
Electronics and optoelectronics of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides
Wang, Q. H., Kalantar-Zadeh, K., Kis, A., Coleman, J. N., & Strano, M. S. (2012) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2012.193 · Cited by 16,374
Atomically Thin MoS 2 : A New Direct-Gap Semiconductor
Mak, K. F., Lee, C., Hone, J., Shan, J., & Heinz, T. F. (2010) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.105.136805 · Cited by 15,586
Radisavljevic, B., Radenovic, A., Brivio, J., Giacometti, V., & Kis, A. (2011) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2010.279 · Cited by 14,939
Physics of Semiconductor Devices
Sze, S. M., & Ng, K. K. (2006) · doi:10.1002/0470068329 · Cited by 14,627
Physics of Semiconductor Devices
(2002) · Kluwer Academic Publishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/b117561 · Cited by 13,963
Two-dimensional atomic crystals
Novoselov, K. S., Jiang, D., Schedin, F., Booth, T. J., Khotkevich, V. V., Morozov, S. V., & Geim, A. K. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0502848102 · Cited by 11,788
Black phosphorus field-effect transistors
Li, L., Yu, Y., Ye, G. J., Ge, Q., Ou, X., Wu, H., Feng, D., Chen, X. H., & Zhang, Y. (2014) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2014.35 · Cited by 8,413
Boron nitride substrates for high-quality graphene electronics
Dean, C. R., Young, A. F., Meric, I., Lee, C., Wang, L., Sorgenfrei, S., Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., Kim, P., Shepard, K. L., et al. (2010) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2010.172 · Cited by 7,124
Phosphorene: An Unexplored 2D Semiconductor with a High Hole Mobility
Liu, H., Neal, A. T., Zhu, Z., Luo, Z., Xu, X., Tománek, D., & Ye, P. D. (2014) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn501226z · Cited by 6,480
Ultrasensitive photodetectors based on monolayer MoS2
Lopez-Sanchez, O., Lembke, D., Kayci, M., Radenovic, A., & Kis, A. (2013) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2013.100 · Cited by 5,043
Control of valley polarization in monolayer MoS2 by optical helicity
Mak, K. F., He, K., Shan, J., & Heinz, T. F. (2012) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2012.96 · Cited by 4,034
Xia, F., Wang, H., & Jia, Y. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms5458 · Cited by 3,516
Single-Layer MoS2Phototransistors
Yin, Z., Li, H., Li, H., Jiang, L., Shi, Y., Sun, Y., Lu, G., Zhang, Q., Chen, X., & Zhang, H. (2012) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn2024557 · Cited by 3,493
Ultrafast graphene photodetector
Xia, F., Mueller, T., Lin, Y.-M., Valdes-Garcia, A., & Avouris, P. (2009) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2009.292 · Cited by 3,089
One-Dimensional Electrical Contact to a Two-Dimensional Material
Wang, L., Meric, I., Huang, P. Y., Gao, Q., Gao, Y., Tran, H., Taniguchi, T., Watanabe, K., Campos, L. M., Muller, D. A., et al. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1244358 · Cited by 3,042
Tightly bound trions in monolayer MoS2
Mak, K. F., He, K., Lee, C., Lee, G. H., Hone, J., Heinz, T. F., & Shan, J. (2013) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat3505 · Cited by 2,865
Strong Light-Matter Interactions in Heterostructures of Atomically Thin Films
Britnell, L., Ribeiro, R. M., Eckmann, A., Jalil, R., Belle, B. D., Mishchenko, A., Kim, Y.-J., Gorbachev, R. V., Georgiou, T., Morozov, S. V., et al. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1235547 · Cited by 2,581
Layer-controlled band gap and anisotropic excitons in few-layer black phosphorus
Tran, V., Soklaski, R., Liang, Y., & Yang, L. (2014) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.89.235319 · Cited by 2,337
Deterministic transfer of two-dimensional materials by all-dry viscoelastic stamping
Castellanos-Gomez, A., Buscema, M., Molenaar, R., Singh, V., Janssen, L., van der Zant, H. S. J., & Steele, G. A. (2014) · 2D Materials · doi:10.1088/2053-1583/1/1/011002 · Cited by 1,970
Self-citationElectrically tunable excitonic light-emitting diodes based on monolayer WSe2 p–n junctions
Ross, J. S., Klement, P., Jones, A. M., Ghimire, N. J., Yan, J., Mandrus, D. G., Taniguchi, T., Watanabe, K., Kitamura, K., Yao, W., et al. (2014) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2014.26 · Cited by 1,690
Fast and Broadband Photoresponse of Few-Layer Black Phosphorus Field-Effect Transistors
Buscema, M., Groenendijk, D. J., Blanter, S. I., Steele, G. A., van der Zant, H. S. J., & Castellanos-Gomez, A. (2014) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl5008085 · Cited by 1,656
Self-citationIsolation and characterization of few-layer black phosphorus
Castellanos-Gomez, A., Vicarelli, L., Prada, E., Island, J. O., Narasimha-Acharya, K. L., Blanter, S. I., Groenendijk, D. J., Buscema, M., Steele, G. A., Alvarez, J. V., et al. (2014) · 2D Materials · doi:10.1088/2053-1583/1/2/025001 · Cited by 1,621
Self-citationOptoelectronic devices based on electrically tunable p–n diodes in a monolayer dichalcogenide
Baugher, B. W. H., Churchill, H. O. H., Yang, Y., & Jarillo-Herrero, P. (2014) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2014.25 · Cited by 1,523
Solar-energy conversion and light emission in an atomic monolayer p–n diode
Pospischil, A., Furchi, M. M., & Mueller, T. (2014) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2014.14 · Cited by 1,418
MoS2 Nanosheet Phototransistors with Thickness-Modulated Optical Energy Gap
Lee, H. S., Min, S.-W., Chang, Y.-G., Park, M. K., Nam, T., Kim, H., Kim, J. H., Ryu, S., & Im, S. (2012) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl301485q · Cited by 1,337
Electric field effect in ultrathin black phosphorus
Koenig, S. P., Doganov, R. A., Schmidt, H., Castro Neto, A. H., & Özyilmaz, B. (2014) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.4868132 · Cited by 1,223
Isolation and characterization of few-layer black phosphorus
Castellanos-Gómez, A., Vicarelli, L., Prada, E., Island, J. O., Narasimha-Acharya, K. L., Blanter, S. I., Groenendijk, D. J., Buscema, M., Steele, G. A., Alvarez, J. V., et al. (2014) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Cited by 1,171
Self-citationElastic Properties of Freely Suspended MoS2 Nanosheets
Castellanos‐Gomez, A., Poot, M., Steele, G. A., van der Zant, H. S. J., Agraït, N., & Rubio‐Bollinger, G. (2012) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201103965 · Cited by 1,089
Self-citationPerformance of monolayer graphene nanomechanical resonators with electrical readout
Chen, C., Rosenblatt, S., Bolotin, K. I., Kalb, W., Kim, P., Kymissis, I., Stormer, H. L., Heinz, T. F., & Hone, J. (2009) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2009.267 · Cited by 987
Dai, J., & Zeng, X. C. (2014) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/jz500409m · Cited by 875
Large and Tunable Photothermoelectric Effect in Single-Layer MoS2
Buscema, M., Barkelid, M., Zwiller, V., van der Zant, H. S. J., Steele, G. A., & Castellanos-Gomez, A. (2013) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl303321g · Cited by 647
Self-citationPhotosensor Device Based on Few‐Layered WS2 Films
Perea‐López, N., Elías, A. L., Berkdemir, A., Castro‐Beltran, A., Gutiérrez, H. R., Feng, S., Lv, R., Hayashi, T., López‐Urías, F., Ghosh, S., et al. (2013) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201300760 · Cited by 618
Two-dimensional atomic crystals
Benka, S. G. (2005) · Physics Today · doi:10.1063/1.4797258 · Cited by 415
Ultrafast Graphene Photodetector
Xia, F., Mueller, T., Lin, Y.-M., et al. (2010) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics · doi:10.1364/cleo.2010.cmv1 · Cited by 57
Few-layer black phosphorus: emerging direct band gap semiconductor with high carrier mobilityPreprint
Qiao, J., Kong, X., Hu, Z., et al. (2014) · arXiv (Cornell University) · Cited by 19
Cited by
Phosphorene: from theory to applications
Carvalho, A., Wang, M., Zhu, X., Rodin, A. S., Su, H., & Castro Neto, A. H. (2016) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/natrevmats.2016.61 · Cited by 1,159
Photocurrent generation with two-dimensional van der Waals semiconductors
Buscema, M., Island, J. O., Groenendijk, D. J., Blanter, S. I., Steele, G. A., van der Zant, H. S. J., & Castellanos-Gomez, A. (2015) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c5cs00106d · Cited by 1,051
Self-citationEnvironmental instability of few-layer black phosphorus
Island, J. O., Steele, G. A., Zant, H. S. J. V. D., & Castellanos-Gomez, A. (2015) · 2D Materials · doi:10.1088/2053-1583/2/1/011002 · Cited by 954
Self-citationWaveguide-integrated black phosphorus photodetector with high responsivity and low dark current
Youngblood, N., Chen, C., Koester, S. J., & Li, M. (2015) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2015.23 · Cited by 953
Arsenene: Two-dimensional buckled and puckered honeycomb arsenic systems
Kamal, C., & Ezawa, M. (2015) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.91.085423 · Cited by 874
Metadata
- Authors
- Buscema, M., Groenendijk, D. J., Steele, G. A., van der Zant, H. S. J., & Castellanos-Gomez, A.
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2014-08-28
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 4651-4651
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1983311062
- Cited by
- 756
- References
- 37
- FWCI
- 41.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
