The DOI matches its Crossref record; 54 of the 54 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Increased tolerance to humans among disturbed wildlife
Open accessAbstract
Human disturbance drives the decline of many species, both directly and indirectly. Nonetheless, some species do particularly well around humans. One mechanism that may explain coexistence is the degree to which a species tolerates human disturbance. Here we provide a comprehensive meta-analysis of birds, mammals and lizards to investigate species tolerance of human disturbance and explore the drivers of this tolerance in birds. We find that, overall, disturbed populations of the three major taxa are more tolerant of human disturbance than less disturbed populations. The best predictors of the direction and magnitude of bird tolerance of human disturbance are the type of disturbed area (urbanized birds are more tolerant than rural or suburban populations) and body mass (large birds are more tolerant than small birds). By identifying specific features associated with tolerance, these results guide evidence-based conservation strategies to predict and manage the impacts of increasing human disturbance on birds.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557 · Cited by 63,139
Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test
Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 · Cited by 56,722
Model selection and multimodel inference: a practical information-theoretic approach.
Guthery, F. S., Burnham, K. P., & Anderson, D. R. (2003) · The Journal of Wildlife Management · doi:10.2307/3802723 · Cited by 41,495
Conducting Meta-Analyses in R with the metafor Package
Viechtbauer, W. (2010) · Journal of Statistical Software · doi:10.18637/jss.v036.i03 · Cited by 20,464
A protocol for data exploration to avoid common statistical problems: Data exploration
Zuur, A. F., Ieno, E. N., & Elphick, C. S. (2010) · Methods in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.2041-210x.2009.00001.x · Cited by 8,228
Distribution Theory for Glass's Estimator of Effect Size and Related Estimators
Hedges, L. V. (1981) · Journal of Educational Statistics · doi:10.2307/1164588 · Cited by 5,695
Inferring the historical patterns of biological evolution
Pagel, M. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/44766 · Cited by 5,200
Bartoń, K. (2010) · CRAN: Contributed Packages · doi:10.32614/cran.package.mumin · Cited by 4,829
Defaunation in the Anthropocene
Dirzo, R., Young, H. S., Galetti, M., Ceballos, G., Isaac, N. J. B., & Collen, B. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1251817 · Cited by 4,474
Accelerated modern human–induced species losses: Entering the sixth mass extinction
Ceballos, G., Ehrlich, P. R., Barnosky, A. D., García, A., Pringle, R. M., & Palmer, T. M. (2015) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.1400253 · Cited by 4,220
The Evolution of Social Behavior
Alexander, R. D. (1974) · Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.es.05.110174.001545 · Cited by 3,854
Urbanization, Biodiversity, and Conservation
McKINNEY, M. L. (2002) · BioScience · doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0883:ubac]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 3,663
Hamilton, W. D. (1971) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/0022-5193(71)90189-5 · Cited by 3,506
Accelerating extinction risk from climate change
Urban, M. C. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaa4984 · Cited by 2,436
Human-caused Disturbance Stimuli as a Form of Predation Risk
Frid, A., & Dill, L. M. (2002) · Conservation Ecology · doi:10.5751/es-00404-060111 · Cited by 1,915
Scared to death? The effects of intimidation and consumption in predator-prey interactions
Preisser, E. L., Bolnick, D. I., & Benard, M. F. (2005) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/04-0719 · Cited by 1,840
An Experimental Test of the Effects of Predation Risk on Habitat Use in Fish
Werner, E. E., Gilliam, J. F., Hall, D. J., & Mittelbach, G. G. (1983) · Ecology · doi:10.2307/1937508 · Cited by 1,675
The Economics of Fleeing from Predators
Ydenberg, R. C., & Dill, L. M. (1986) · Advances in the Study of Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0065-3454(08)60192-8 · Cited by 1,342
Pulliam, H. R. (1973) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/0022-5193(73)90184-7 · Cited by 1,322
From patterns to emerging processes in mechanistic urban ecology
SHOCHAT, E., WARREN, P., FAETH, S., MCINTYRE, N., & HOPE, D. (2006) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2005.11.019 · Cited by 1,241
Handbook of Meta-analysis in Ecology and Evolution
(2013) · doi:10.1515/9781400846184 · Cited by 1,183
Methodological issues and advances in biological meta-analysis
Nakagawa, S., & Santos, E. S. A. (2012) · Evolutionary Ecology · doi:10.1007/s10682-012-9555-5 · Cited by 1,032
Self-citationFear in animals: a meta-analysis and review of risk assessment
Stankowich, T., & Blumstein, D. T. (2005) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2005.3251 · Cited by 981
Self-citationPeckarsky, B. L., Abrams, P. A., Bolnick, D. I., Dill, L. M., Grabowski, J. H., Luttbeg, B., Orrock, J. L., Peacor, S. D., Preisser, E. L., Schmitz, O. J., et al. (2008) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/07-1131.1 · Cited by 527
Fecundity-Survival Trade-Offs and Parental Risk-Taking in Birds
Ghalambor, C. K., & Martin, T. E. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1059379 · Cited by 522
Blumstein, D. T. (2006) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.05.010 · Cited by 496
Self-citationSocial learning about predators: a review and prospectus
Griffin, A. S. (2004) · Learning & Behavior · doi:10.3758/bf03196014 · Cited by 468
Flight distance of urban birds, predation, and selection for urban life
Møller, A. P. (2008) · Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1007/s00265-008-0636-y · Cited by 394
Active and resting metabolism in birds: allometry, phylogeny and ecology
Bennett, P. M., & Harvey, P. H. (1987) · Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1987.tb03708.x · Cited by 328
Witter, M. S., Cuthill, I. C., & Bonser, R. H. C. (1994) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1006/anbe.1994.1227 · Cited by 302
Miranda, A. C., Schielzeth, H., Sonntag, T., & Partecke, J. (2013) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.12258 · Cited by 268
Escaping From Predators: An Integrative View of Escape Decisions
(2015) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781107447189 · Cited by 225
Interspecific variation in fear responses predicts urbanization in birds
Moller, A. P. (2010) · Behavioral Ecology · doi:10.1093/beheco/arp199 · Cited by 189
Ellenberg, U., Mattern, T., Seddon, P. J., & Jorquera, G. L. (2006) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2006.05.019 · Cited by 182
Relationships between Human Disturbance and Wildlife Land Use in Urban Habitat Fragments
MARKOVCHICK‐NICHOLLS, L., REGAN, H. M., DEUTSCHMAN, D. H., WIDYANATA, A., MARTIN, B., NOREKE, L., & ANN HUNT, T. (2008) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00846.x · Cited by 180
Why big fierce animals are rare : an ecologist's perspective
Colinvaux, P. A. (1978) · Princeton University Press eBooks · Cited by 172
Fifty years of chasing lizards: new insights advance optimal escape theory
Samia, D. S. M., Blumstein, D. T., Stankowich, T., & Cooper, W. E. (2015) · Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1111/brv.12173 · Cited by 162
Self-citationDo fences protect birds from human disturbance?
Ikuta, L. A., & Blumstein, D. T. (2003) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/s0006-3207(02)00324-5 · Cited by 155
Self-citationFlush early and avoid the rush: a general rule of antipredator behavior?
Blumstein, D. T. (2010) · Behavioral Ecology · doi:10.1093/beheco/arq030 · Cited by 155
Self-citationFernández‐Juricic, E., Venier, M. P., Renison, D., & Blumstein, D. T. (2005) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2005.03.020 · Cited by 150
Self-citationBody size and reserve protection affect flight initiation distance in parrotfishes
Gotanda, K. M., Turgeon, K., & Kramer, D. L. (2009) · Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1007/s00265-009-0750-5 · Cited by 147
Island tameness: living on islands reduces flight initiation distance
Cooper, W. E., Pyron, R. A., & Garland, T. (2014) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.3019 · Cited by 144
Brain Architecture and Social Complexity in Modern and Ancient Birds
Burish, M. J., Kueh, H. Y., & Wang, S. S. ‐. (2003) · Brain Behavior and Evolution · doi:10.1159/000075674 · Cited by 139
Urban mockingbirds quickly learn to identify individual humans
Levey, D. J., Londoño, G. A., Ungvari‐Martin, J., Hiersoux, M. R., Jankowski, J. E., Poulsen, J. R., Stracey, C. M., & Robinson, S. K. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0811422106 · Cited by 131
Flight distance and population trends in European breeding birds
Møller, A. P. (2008) · Behavioral Ecology · doi:10.1093/beheco/arn103 · Cited by 121
Carrete, M., & Tella, J. L. (2013) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep03524 · Cited by 87
Avian Risk Assessment: Effects of Perching Height and Detectability
Blumstein, D. T., Fernández‐Juricic, E., LeDee, O. E., Larsen, E., Rodríguez-Prieto, I., & Zugmeyer, C. A. (2004) · Ethology · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.2004.00970.x · Cited by 82
Self-citationLi, C., Monclús, R., Maul, T. L., Jiang, Z., & Blumstein, D. T. (2010) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2010.11.013 · Cited by 73
Self-citationEngelhardt, S. C., & Weladji, R. B. (2011) · Canadian Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1139/z11-054 · Cited by 73
Brain size as a driver of avian escape strategy
Samia, D. S. M., Møller, A. P., & Blumstein, D. T. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep11913 · Cited by 60
Self-citationMøller, A. P., Samia, D. S. M., Weston, M. A., Guay, P., & Blumstein, D. T. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107883 · Cited by 59
Self-citationTolerance of human approaches by Common Mynas along an urban-rural gradient
McGiffin, A., Lill, A., Beckman, J., & Johnstone, C. P. (2013) · Emu - Austral Ornithology · doi:10.1071/mu12107 · Cited by 51
VULNERABILITY OF HABITUATED GRAUER'S GORILLA TO POACHING IN THE KAHUZI-BIEGA NATIONAL PARK, DRC
Kasereka, B., Muhigwa, J.-B. B., Shalukoma, C., & Kahekwa, J. (2006) · Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) · doi:10.14989/68246 · Cited by 27
Yampolsky, L. Y. (2003) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1038/npg.els.0003219 · Cited by 3
Cited by
Habituation and sensitization: new thoughts about old ideas
Blumstein, D. T. (2016) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.05.012 · Cited by 426
Self-citationTowards an understanding of the evolutionary role of fire in animals
Pausas, J. G., & Parr, C. L. (2018) · Evolutionary Ecology · doi:10.1007/s10682-018-9927-6 · Cited by 267
The cognition of ‘nuisance’ species
Barrett, L. P., Stanton, L. A., & Benson-Amram, S. (2019) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.05.005 · Cited by 166
Metadata
- Authors
- Samia, D. S. M., Nakagawa, S., Nomura, F., Rangel, T. F., & Blumstein, D. T.
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2015-11-16
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 8877-8877
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2263700612
- Cited by
- 357
- References
- 54
- FWCI
- 15.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.