New loci associated with birth weight identify genetic links between intrauterine growth and adult height and metabolism
Open accessAbstract
Birth weight within the normal range is associated with a variety of adult-onset diseases, but the mechanisms behind these associations are poorly understood. Previous genome-wide association studies of birth weight identified a variant in the ADCY5 gene associated both with birth weight and type 2 diabetes and a second variant, near CCNL1, with no obvious link to adult traits. In an expanded genome-wide association meta-analysis and follow-up study of birth weight (of up to 69,308 individuals of European descent from 43 studies), we have now extended the number of loci associated at genome-wide significance to 7, accounting for a similar proportion of variance as maternal smoking. Five of the loci are known to be associated with other phenotypes: ADCY5 and CDKAL1 with type 2 diabetes, ADRB1 with adult blood pressure and HMGA2 and LCORL with adult height. Our findings highlight genetic links between fetal growth and postnatal growth and metabolism.
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For birthweight and child body mass index, there seemed to have been no attempt to explore sex differences in the original GWAS, likely reflecting low power.
“For birthweight and child BMI, there seemed to have been no attempt to explore sex differences, which likely reflects the low power in those studies to do that.”
From Commentary: Two-sample Mendelian randomization: opportunities and challenges (2016) · cites this paper as [18]
From the original papers, the instrument for adult body mass index is stronger than for the other traits (R2 for adult body mass index, birthweight, child body mass index and waist-hip ratio are 0.027, 0.008, 0.020 and 0.013, respectively).
“From the original papers it can be seen that the instrument for adult BMI is stronger than for the other traits (the respective R 2 for adult BMI, birthweight, child BMI and WHR, are: 0.027, 0.008, 0.020 and 0.013;”
From Commentary: Two-sample Mendelian randomization: opportunities and challenges (2016) · cites this paper as [18]
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- Authors
- The Meta-Analyses of Glucose- and Insulin-related traits Consortium (MAGIC), Horikoshi, M., Early Growth Genetics (EGG) Consortium, Yaghootkar, H., Mook-Kanamori, D. O., Sovio, U., Taal, H. R., Hennig, B. J., Bradfield, J. P., St Pourcain, B., Evans, D. M., Charoen, P., Kaakinen, M., Cousminer, D. L., Lehtimäki, T., Kreiner-Møller, E., Warrington, N. M., Bustamante, M., Feenstra, B., Berry, D. J., Thiering, E., Pfab, T., Barton, S. J., Shields, B. M., Kerkhof, M., van Leeuwen, E. M., Fulford, A. J., Kutalik, Z., Zhao, J. H., den Hoed, M., Mahajan, A., Lindi, V., Goh, L.-K., Hottenga, J.-J., Wu, Y., Raitakari, O. T., Harder, M. N., Meirhaeghe, A., Ntalla, I., Salem, R. M., Jameson, K. A., Zhou, K., Monies, D. M., Lagou, V., Kirin, M., Heikkinen, J., Adair, L. S., Alkuraya, F. S., Al-Odaib, A., Amouyel, P., Andersson, E. A., Bennett, A. J., Blakemore, A. I. F., Buxton, J. L., Dallongeville, J., Das, S., de Geus, E. J. C., Estivill, X., Flexeder, C., Froguel, P., Geller, F., Godfrey, K. M., Gottrand, F., Groves, C. J., Hansen, T., Hirschhorn, J. N., Hofman, A., Hollegaard, M. V., Hougaard, D. M., Hyppönen, E., Inskip, H. M., Isaacs, A., Jørgensen, T., Kanaka-Gantenbein, C., Kemp, J. P., Kiess, W., Kilpeläinen, T. O., Klopp, N., Knight, B. A., Kuzawa, C. W., McMahon, G., Newnham, J. P., Niinikoski, H., Oostra, B. A., Pedersen, L., Postma, D. S., Ring, S. M., Rivadeneira, F., Robertson, N. R., Sebert, S., Simell, O., Slowinski, T., Tiesler, C. M. T., Tönjes, A., Vaag, A., Viikari, J. S., Vink, J. M., Vissing, N. H., Wareham, N. J., Willemsen, G., Witte, D. R., Zhang, H., & Zhao, J.
- Affiliations
- Centre for Human Genetics (GB)
- University of Exeter (GB)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB)
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (US)
- University of Bristol (GB)
- Mahidol University (TH)
- University of Oulu (FI)
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Tampere University Hospital (FI)
- The University of Western Australia (AU)
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (ES)
- Statens Serum Institut (DK)
- University College London (GB)
- Helmholtz Munich (DE)
- University of Potsdam (DE)
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (GB)
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (CH)
- University of Eastern Finland (FI)
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- University of Turku (FI)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Inserm (FR)
- Broad Institute (US)
- University of Dundee (GB)
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (SA)
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
- Alfaisal University (SA)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Imperial College London (GB)
- Institut Pasteur de Lille (FR)
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Leipzig University (DE)
- Northwestern University (US)
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (DE)
- IFB Adiposity Diseases (DE)
- Rigshospitalet (DK)
- Addenbrooke's Hospital (GB)
- ORCID
- Horikoshi, Momoko
- Yaghootkar, Hanieh
- Sovio, Ulla
- Taal, H Rob
- Hennig, Branwen J
- Evans, David M
- Charoen, Pimphen
- Kaakinen, Marika
- Lehtimäki, Terho
- Warrington, Nicole M
- Bustamante, Mariona
- Feenstra, Bjarke
- Thiering, Elisabeth
- Barton, Sheila J
- Shields, Beverley M
- Kerkhof, Marjan
- Kutalik, Zoltán
- Zhao, Jing Hua
- Mahajan, Anubha
- Lindi, Virpi
- Goh, Liang-Kee
- Hottenga, Jouke-Jan
- Wu, Ying
- Raitakari, Olli T
- Meirhaeghe, Aline
- Salem, Rany M
- Zhou, Kaixin
- Monies, Dorota M
- Lagou, Vasiliki
- Heikkinen, Jani
- Adair, Linda S
- Alkuraya, Fowzan S
- Amouyel, Philippe
- Bennett, Amanda J
- Blakemore, Alexandra I F
- Estivill, Xavier
- Froguel, Philippe
- Geller, Frank
- Godfrey, Keith M
- Groves, Christopher J
- Hansen, Torben
- Hirschhorn, Joel N
- Hollegaard, Mads V
- Hougaard, David M
- Hyppönen, Elina
- Inskip, Hazel M
- Isaacs, Aaron
- Jørgensen, Torben
- Kemp, John P
- Kiess, Wieland
- Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O
- Knight, Bridget A
- Kuzawa, Christopher W
- Newnham, John P
- Niinikoski, Harri
- Postma, Dirkje S
- Ring, Susan M
- Rivadeneira, Fernando
- Sebert, Sylvain
- Slowinski, Torsten
- Tönjes, Anke
- Vaag, Allan
- Viikari, Jorma S
- Vink, Jacqueline M
- Vissing, Nadja Hawwa
- Wareham, Nicholas J
- Willemsen, Gonneke
- Witte, Daniel R
- Zhang, Haitao
- Zhao, Jianhua
- Venue
- Nature Genetics
- Published
- 2012-12-02
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 76-82
- ISSN
- 1061-4036 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1718
- PMC
- PMC3605762
- OpenAlex
- W2069777680
- Cited by
- 309
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 49 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 17
- FWCI
- 22.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- research.vu.nl
- Licence
- other-oa
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion)
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- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (publishedVersion)
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- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- National University of Singapore (submittedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- Brunel University Research Archive (BURA) (Brunel University London) (submittedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Research Repository (Kingston University London) (submittedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- publish.UP (University of Potsdam) (submittedVersion)
- Site cant be reached (submittedVersion)
- Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter) (submittedVersion)
- Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion)
- STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) (submittedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0003692, FP7/2007-2013, 33CSCO-122661)
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International (068545/Z/02)
- March of Dimes Foundation
- GlaxoSmithKline (33CSCO-122661)
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
- Sundhed og Sygdom, Det Frie Forskningsråd
- Fundació la Marató de TV3 (CIRIT 1999SGR 00241, PI04/1436, 1999SGR 00241, PI08/1151, CB06/02/0041)
- Yrjö Jahnssonin Säätiö
- Wellcome Trust (068545/Z/02), FP7/2007–2013, 076467, GR069224, 083270, G0000934, 085541/Z/08/Z, WT089549, G0600705, 092731, WT083431MA, 068545, 085301, 085541, 090532, 74882, WT088806, 083948)
- Scottish Government
- Cancer Research UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (FP7/2007–2013, NF-SI-0508-10082, NF-SI-0611-10099, NF-SI-0611-10219)
- British Heart Foundation (RG/07/009/23120, G0600705)
- Diabetes UK
- University of Southampton
- European Commission (018947, FOOD-CT-2005, 2007–2013, G0500539, FP7 2007-2013, 129255, 201413, FP7/2007, LSH-2004-1.2.5-1, QLG1‐CT‐2000‐01643, 018996, 5R01MH63706:02, LSHG-CT-2006-018947)
- University of Bristol (74882, 076467, G0600705)
- Raine Medical Research Foundation
- Women and Infants Research Foundation
- National Research Foundation (117787, 129255)
- Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (KFO-152, KO3512/1, FP7/2007–2013)
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (124282, 121584, FP7/2007-2013, 122661, 33CSCO, 41071, 201413, 018996, 120315, 117787, G0500539, 129378, LSH-2004-1.2.5-1)
- Danmarks Grundforskningsfond
- Curtin University of Technology
- ZonMw (Addiction‐31160008, Middelgroot‐911‐09‐032, 985-10-002, 400‐05‐717, 912-03-031, 56-464-14192, 904-61-193, 911‐09‐032, 904-61-090, 31160008, 480‐04‐004)
- Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (FP7/2007-2013, 2008.024)
- Generalitat de Catalunya (CIRIT 1999SGR 00241, 00241, 1999SGR 0024 1)
- Erasmus Medisch Centrum
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (400‐05‐717, 904-61-193, 904-61-090, FP7 2007-2013, 311-60008, 56‐464‐14192, Addiction-31160008, Spinozapremie 56-464-14192, 911-09-032, 985-10002, 480-04-004)
- Generalitat Valenciana
- Lundbeckfonden
- Juho Vainion Säätiö
- Novo Nordisk
- Universität Potsdam
- Emil Aaltosen Säätiö
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (SAF2008-00357)
- Augustinus Fonden
- Oulun Yliopisto (75617, 129269, FP7/2007-2013)
- Syddansk Universitet
- Tampereen Tuberkuloosisäätiö
- Paavo Nurmen Säätiö
- Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology
- Egmont Fonden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research
- Turun Yliopistollinen Keskussairaala (9M048)
- Versus Arthritis (17413, 13181, 13157, 13147, 16349, 17702, 17265, 16095, 13230, 13085)
- H. Lundbeck A/S
- Centre for Medical Systems Biology
- Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre
- Turun Yliopistosäätiö
- National Institutes of Health (2r24hd050924-06, 5r01hd054501-05, R01D0042157-01A, G0000934, FP7/2007-2013, 5u01hg004423-02, 6r01hl087679-03, KFO 152, 5rl1mh083268-05, 5p20rr020649-03, 068545/Z/02, 1r01mh081802-01, DK56350, ES10126, RR20649, 400-05-717)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U22PS000476, DK56350)
- U.S. Public Health Service (R01D0042157‐01A)
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP82893)
- Medical Research Council (74882, MC-A760–5QX00, 076467, LSHG-CT-2006-018947, G0601653, MC_UU_12011/4, G0500539, LSH-2004-1.2.5-1, 068545/Z/02, MC_UU_12015/2, G0000934, G0601261, 3.2.06.022, G0600705, 3.4.01.26, MC_UU_12011/1, MC_UU_12015/1, 018996)
- National Health and Medical Research Council (1114194, 003209, 403981, G0000934)
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (05/1052, 06/1213, FIS‐FEDER 03/1615, PI04/1436, 09/02647, CB06/02/0041, PI/08/1151, 04/1509, 03/1615, 07/0314, 04/1112, 04/1931, 05/1079)
- European Regional Development Fund (PI04/1436, FP7/2007‐2013, PI081151, 2007 – 2013)
- Strategic Research Council
- Biomedical Research Council
- Münchner Zentrum für Gesundheitswissenschaften
- Biocenter, University of Oulu
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (5R01 HL087679-02, HL085144, 068545/Z/02, 5R01HL087679, R01 HL087679, 1RL1MH083268-01, R01HL085144, G0000934)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH068457, MH-081802, HEALTH-F4-2007-201413, R01MH063706, RL1-MH083268, 1RL1MH083268-01, 5R01 MH63706:02, U24MH068457, NIMH U24 MH068457-06, 5R01MH63706, R01 MH081802)
- National Human Genome Research Institute (U01-HG004423, U01HG004446, U01HG004438)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
- Fogarty International Center (TW05596, R01TW005596)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK078150, DK078150, 090532, 400-05-717, DK56350, U01DK062418, RR20649, 126925, R01DK075787, P30DK056350)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES 10126, P30ES010126)
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (MC-A760-5QX00)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR20649, P20-RR020649)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R24 HD-050924, 1R01HD056465-01A, R01HD056465, R01-HD054501, HD054501)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Keywords
- birth weight, fetal growth, adult height, type 2 diabetes, ADCY5, CDKAL1, ADRB1, HMGA2, LCORL, genetic loci, postnatal growth, metabolism, blood pressure, maternal smoking
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Birth Weight, Blood Pressure, Body Height, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Genetic Linkage, Male, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Quantitative Trait Loci, Fetal Development, Genome-Wide Association Study
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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