Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 320

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Prebiotic chemistry and atmospheric warming of early Earth by an active young Sun

Airapetian, V. S., Glocer, A., Gronoff, G., Hébrard, E., Danchi, W.·2016·Nature Geoscience

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/ngeo2719

Cites

6 of 6 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 6 references

Research works printed but not linked: 27

  1. Barrett, G. C. & Elmore, D. T. Amino Acids and Peptides (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1998). · DOI
  2. Ringwood, A. E. Chemical composition of the terrestrial planets. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 30, 41–104 (1996). · DOI
  3. Summers, D. P., Basa, R. C. B., Khare, B. & Rodoni, D. Abiotic nitrogen fixation on terrestrial planets: reduction of NO to ammonia by FeS. Astrobiology 12, 107–114 (2012). · DOI
  4. Kasting, J. F. Bolide impacts and the oxidation state of carbon in the Earth’s early atmosphere. Orig. Life Evol. Biosph. 20, 199–231 (1990). · DOI · Paper page
  5. Gopalswamy, N. et al. Properties of ground level enhancement events and the associated solar eruptions during solar cycle 23. Space Sci. Rev. 171, 23–60 (2012). · DOI
  6. Tsurutani, B. T., Smith, E. J., Pyle, K. R. & Simpson, J. A. Energetic protons accelerated at corotating shocks - Pioneer 10 and 11 observations from 1 to 6 AU. J. Geophys. Res. 87, 7389–7404 (1982). · DOI
  7. Emslie, A. G. et al. Global energetics of thirty-eight large solar eruptive events. Astrophys. J. 759, 71 (2012). · DOI
  8. Miyake, F., Nagaya, K., Masuda, K. & Nakamura, T. A signature of cosmic-ray increase in AD 774–775 from tree rings in Japan. Nature 486, 240–242 (2012). · DOI · Paper page
  9. Miyake, F., Masuda, K. & Nakamura, T. Another rapid event in the carbon-14 content of tree rings. Nature Commun. 4, 1748 (2013). · DOI
  10. Tsurutani, B. T., Gonzales, W. D., Lakhina, G. S. & Alex, S. The extreme magnetic storm of 1–2 September 1859. J. Geophys. Res. 108, 1268 (2003). · DOI
  11. Vidotto, A. A. et al. Stellar magnetism: empirical trends with age and rotation. Month. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 441, 2361–2374 (2014). · DOI · Paper page
  12. Airapetian, V., Glocer, A. & Danchi, W. in Proc. 18th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems, and the Sun (eds van Belle, G. & Harris, H.) 257–268 (2015).
  13. Airapetian, V. S. & Usmanov, A. V. Reconstructing the solar wind from its early history to current epoch. Astrophys. J. 817, L24–L30 (2016). · DOI
  14. Tarduno, J., Blackman, E. G. & Mamajek, E. E. Detecting the oldest geodynamo and attendant shielding from the solar wind: implications for habitability. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 233, 68–87 (2014). · DOI
  15. Gronoff, G. et al. The precipitation of keV energetic oxygen ions at Mars and their effects during the comet Siding Spring approach. Geophys. Res. Lett. 41, 4844–4850 (2014). · DOI
  16. Cnossen, I. et al. Habitat of early life: solar X-ray and UV radiation at Earth’s surface 4–3.5 billion years ago. J. Geophys. Res. 112, E02008 (2007). · DOI
  17. Claire, M. W. et al. The evolution of solar flux from 0.1 nm to 160 μm: quantitative estimates for planetary studies. Astrophys. J. 757, 95 (2012). · DOI · Paper page
  18. Mewaldt, R. A. Energy spectra, composition, and other properties of ground-level events during solar cycle 23. Space Sci. Rev. 171, 97–120 (2012). · DOI
  19. Goldblatt, C. et al. Nitrogen-enhanced greenhouse warming on early Earth. Nature Geosci. 2, 891–896 (2009). · DOI · Paper page
  20. Nna-Mvondo, D., Navarro-González, R., Raulin, F. & Coll, P. Nitrogen fixation by corona discharge on the early precambrian Earth. 2005. Orig. Life Evol. Biosph. 35, 401–409 (2005). · DOI
  21. Brandvold, D. K., Martinez, P. & Hipsh, R. Field measurements of O3 and N2O produced from a corona discharge. Atmos. Environ. 30, 973–976 (1996). · DOI
  22. Kasting, J. F. Early Earth: faint young Sun redux. Nature 464, 687–689 (2010). · DOI
  23. Wordsworth, R. & Pierrehumbert, R. Hydrogen–nitrogen greenhouse warming in Earth’s early atmosphere. Science 339, 64–67 (2013). · DOI · Paper page
  24. Powell, K. G., Roe, P. L., Linde, T. J., Gombosi, T. I. & De Zeeuw, D. L. A solution-adaptive upwind scheme for ideal magnetohydrodynamics. J. Comp. Phys. 154, 284–309 (1999). · DOI · Paper page
  25. de Zeeuw, D. L. et al. Coupling of a global MHD code and an inner magnetospheric model: initial results. J. Geophys. Res. 109, A12219 (2004). · DOI
  26. Ridley, A. J. et al. University of Michigan MHD results of the geospace global circulation model metrics challenge. J. Geophys. Res. 107, 1290 (2002). · DOI
  27. Ngwira, C. M., Pulkkinen, A., Kuznetsova, M. M. & Glocer, A. Modeling extreme “Carrington-type” space weather events using three-dimensional global MHD simulations. J. Geophys. Res. 119, 4456–4474 (2014). · DOI

Cited by

See all 320

Metadata

Authors
Airapetian, V. S., Glocer, A., Gronoff, G., Hébrard, E., & Danchi, W.
Venue
Nature Geoscience
Published
2016-05-23
Volume
9
Issue
6
Pages
452-455
ISSN
  • 1752-0894 (ISSN-L)
  • 1752-0908
OpenAlex
W2408461538
Cited by
320
References
6
FWCI
16.44
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Prebiotic chemistry and atmospheric warming of early Earth by an active young Sun. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/ngeo2719
The paper
Airapetian, V. S., Glocer, A., Gronoff, G., Hébrard, E., & Danchi, W. (2016). Prebiotic chemistry and atmospheric warming of early Earth by an active young Sun. Nature Geoscience. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2719

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.