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SUPERFLARES ON SOLAR-TYPE STARS OBSERVED WITH KEPLER . I. STATISTICAL PROPERTIES OF SUPERFLARES

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Shibayama, Takuya, Maehara, Hiroyuki, Notsu, Shota, Notsu, Yuta, Nagao, Takashi, Honda, Satoshi, Ishii, Takako T., Nogami, Daisaku +1 more·2013·The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
DOI 10.1088/0067-0049/209/1/5
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Abstract

By extending our previous study by Maehara et al., we searched for superflares on G-type dwarfs (solar-type stars) using Kepler data for a longer period (500 days) than that (120 days) in our previous study. As a result, we found 1547 superflares on 279 G-type dwarfs, which is much more than the previous 365 superflares on 148 stars. Using these new data, we studied the statistical properties of the occurrence rate of superflares, and confirmed the previous results, i.e., the occurrence rate ( dN / dE ) of superflares versus flare energy ( E ) shows a power-law distribution with dN / dE ∝ E −α , where α ∼ 2. It is interesting that this distribution is roughly similar to that for solar flares. In the case of the Sun-like stars (with surface temperature 5600–6000 K and slowly rotating with a period longer than 10 days), the occurrence rate of superflares with an energy of 10 34 –10 35 erg is once in 800–5000 yr. We also studied long-term (500 days) stellar brightness variation of these superflare stars and found that in some G-type dwarfs the occurrence rate of superflares was extremely high, ∼57 superflares in 500 days (i.e., once in 10 days). In the case of Sun-like stars, the most active stars show a frequency of one superflare (with 10 34 erg) in 100 days. There is evidence that these superflare stars have extremely large starspots with a size about 10 times larger than that of the largest sunspot. We argue that the physical origin of the extremely high occurrence rate of superflares in these stars may be attributed to the existence of extremely large starspots.

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Crossref · 10.1088/0067-0049/209/1/5

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  • A large number of superflares have been detected for solar-type stars.

    “A large number of superflares have also been detected for solar-type stars (e.g., Maehara et al. 2012, 2015; Shibayama et al. 2013; Katsova & Livshits 2015).”

    From ABOUT EXOBIOLOGY: THE CASE FOR DWARF K STARS (2016) · cites this paper as Shibayama et al. 2013

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Authors
Shibayama, T., Maehara, H., Notsu, S., Notsu, Y., Nagao, T., Honda, S., Ishii, T. T., Nogami, D., & Shibata, K.
Affiliations
  • Kyoto University (JP)
  • University of Hyogo (JP)
Corresponding author
Shibayama, Takuya
ORCID
Venue
The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
Publisher
American Astronomical Society
Published
2013-10-17
Volume
209
Issue
1
Pages
5
ISSN
  • 0067-0049 (ISSN-L)
  • 1538-4365
DOI
10.1088/0067-0049/209/1/5
OpenAlex
W2052980643
Cited by
500
References
43
Citations by year
2026: 26 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 71 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 19
FWCI
13.86
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series (publishedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Funders
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (25287039)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Instrumentation › Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
Keywords
superflares, solar-type stars, flare occurrence rate, flare energy distribution, power-law distribution, stellar brightness variations, stellar activity, stellar spots, stellar magnetic activity

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