The DOI matches its Crossref record; 117 of the 117 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Understanding immunosenescence to improve responses to vaccines
Open accessAbstract
In the older adult, the benefits of vaccination to prevent infectious disease are limited, mainly because of the adaptive immune system's inability to generate protective immunity. The age-dependent decrease in immunological competence, often referred to as 'immunosenescence', results from the progressive deterioration of innate and adaptive immune responses. Most insights into mechanisms of immunological aging have been derived from studies of mouse models. In this Review, we explore how well such models are applicable to understanding the aging process throughout the 80-100 years of human life and discuss recent advances in identifying and characterizing the mechanisms that underlie age-associated defective adaptive immunity in humans.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“These and other models, for which it has been shown that accelerated aging depends, at least partly, on cellular senescence, are valuable for studying the impact of senescence on health and lifespan”
From Guidelines for minimal information on cellular senescence experimentation in vivo (2024) · cites this paper as [100]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Mouse models of rapid telomere shortening, dysfunctional mitosis or impaired DNA repair (Terc, BubR1, and Ercc1 mutant mice, respectively), display high levels of cellular senescence and accelerated aging86,99,100.”
From Guidelines for minimal information on cellular senescence experimentation in vivo (2024) · cites this paper as [100]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Evidence of waning adaptive immunity is already apparent in mid adulthood, as early as at the age of 50 years, with increasing clinical relevance in the 7th–10th decade of life”
From Successful and Maladaptive T Cell Aging (2017) · cites this paper as Goronzy and Weyand, 2013
In the citing paper
“Mechanistically, immunosenescence is only partially explained by organismal and cellular senescence.”
From Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention (2019) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“Therefore, these hallmarks of immunosenescence would be markedly affected by the history of the individual exposure to pathogens (6, 23).”
From Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention (2019) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“The hallmarks of immunosenescence include: (i) a reduced ability to respond to new antigens; (ii) the accumulation of memory T cells; (iii) a lingering level of low-grade inflammation termed “inflamm-aging.””
From Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention (2019) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“T cell clones specific for HCMV dominate the repertoire in the older people and contribute to the contraction in diversity in the memory compartment (23).”
From Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention (2019) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“In contrast, high frequencies of antigen-specific T cells reactive to HCMV persist throughout life.”
From Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention (2019) · cites this paper as [23]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Wherry, E. J. (2011) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.2035 · Cited by 4,062
Of Mice and Not Men: Differences between Mouse and Human Immunology
Mestas, J., & Hughes, C. C. W. (2004) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.172.5.2731 · Cited by 3,822
The PD‐1 pathway in tolerance and autoimmunity
Francisco, L. M., Sage, P. T., & Sharpe, A. H. (2010) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.2010.00923.x · Cited by 2,300
Vaccine Adjuvants: Putting Innate Immunity to Work
Coffman, R. L., Sher, A., & Seder, R. A. (2010) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2010.10.002 · Cited by 1,927
Changes in thymic function with age and during the treatment of HIV infection
Douek, D. C., McFarland, R. D., Keiser, P. H., Gage, E. A., Massey, J. M., Haynes, B. F., Polis, M. A., Haase, A. T., Feinberg, M. B., Sullivan#, J. L., et al. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/25374 · Cited by 1,893
Metabolic Regulation of T Lymphocytes
MacIver, N. J., Michalek, R. D., & Rathmell, J. C. (2013) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-032712-095956 · Cited by 1,244
Age-related changes in lymphocyte development and function
Linton, P. J., & Dorshkind, K. A. (2004) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1033 · Cited by 1,199
miR-181a Is an Intrinsic Modulator of T Cell Sensitivity and Selection
Li, Q.-J., Chau, J., Ebert, P. J. R., Sylvester, G., Min, H., Liu, G., Braich, R. S., Manoharan, M., Soutschek, J., Skare, P., et al. (2007) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.03.008 · Cited by 1,165
Redefining Chronic Viral Infection
Virgin, H. W., Wherry, E. J., & Ahmed, R. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.06.036 · Cited by 1,031
Human bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells are increased in frequency and myeloid-biased with age
Pang, W. W., Price, E. A., Sahoo, D., Beerman, I., Maloney, W. J., Rossi, D. J., Schrier, S. L., & Weissman, I. L. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1116110108 · Cited by 991
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Boraschi, D. et al. Ageing and Immunity. Sci. Transl. Med. (in the press).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 841
Gunčar, G., Kukar, M., Smole, T., Moškon, S., Vovko, T. D., Podnar, S., Černelč, P., Brvar, M., Notar, M., Koster, M., et al. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29372 · Cited by 19
“Lower susceptibility to viral infections in older individuals might be attributed to prior exposure, which enhances immune memory and protection [79].”
BackgroundKometani, K., Yorimitsu, T., Jo, N., Yamaguchi, E., Kikuchi, O., Fukahori, M., Sawada, T., Tsujimoto, Y., Sunami, A., Li, M., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1455334 · Cited by 15
Antibody Responsiveness to Influenza: What Drives It?
Lin, X., Lin, F., Liang, T., Ducatez, M., Zanin, M., & Wong, S. (2021) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v13071400 · Cited by 16
“In these cases, the decline in vaccine-induced immune response in the elderly has been in part, attributed to the age-associated decline in innate and adaptive immune response, or immunosenescence [110,111].”
BackgroundTranscriptomic profiles of aging in naïve and memory CD4+ cells from mice
Taylor, J. R., Reynolds, L. M., Hou, L., Lohman, K., Cui, W., Kritchevsky, S. B., McCall, C. E., & Liu, Y. (2017) · Immunity & Ageing · doi:10.1186/s12979-017-0092-5 · Cited by 17
“The primary consequence of agerelated decline in T cell function is an increased risk of mortality from infection in elderly individuals, which stems from both an impaired adaptive immune response [1, 2] and a decreased effectiveness of vaccination [3].”
Chronic allergic asthma induces T-cell exhaustion and impairs virus clearance in mice
Ahn, S. Y., Lee, J., Lee, D., Ho, T. L., Le, C. T. T., & Ko, E. (2023) · Respiratory Research · doi:10.1186/s12931-023-02448-9 · Cited by 13
“The immunological conditions of asthma, such as persistent foreign allergen stimulation, can make asthma prone to immunosenescence and lead to exhaustion of T-cells, such as in aging and other chronic immunemediated inflammatory diseases [15, 16].”
BackgroundSilva, B. A., Casales, F., Donoso, C. B., Varela, L. B., Heriz, A., Gonzalez, C., Míguez, J., & Alonso, R. N. (2024) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2024.105830 · Cited by 14
Senescence-associated T cells in immunosenescence and diseases
Fukushima, Y., Ueno, R., Minato, N., & Hattori, M. (2024) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/dxae056 · Cited by 14
Kumar, S., Zoodsma, M., Nguyen, N., Pedroso, R., Trittel, S., Riese, P., Botey-Bataller, J., Zhou, L., Alaswad, A., Arshad, H. M., et al. (2024) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adq7006 · Cited by 15
Singh, S. P., Gannavaram, S., Ismail, N., Kaul, A., Gedda, M. R., & Nakhasi, H. L. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01176 · Cited by 13
“A balance between IR and IT does not only help to restore immunological sequences during a pathogenic state but also facilitate establishment of protective memory (48, 49).”
BackgroundSahmoudi, K., Allam, A. E., Fakihi, S. E., Tahoune, H., Sadak, A., Hafidi, N. E., Bourkadi, J. E., Aouad, R. E., & Seghrouchni, F. (2020) · Journal of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry · doi:10.1080/15321819.2020.1728543 · Cited by 12
Reens, A. L., Cabral, D. J., Liang, X., Norton, J. E., Therien, A. G., Hazuda, D. J., & Swaminathan, G. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.643255 · Cited by 14
Pathogenesis of giant cell arteritis with focus on cellular populations
Stamatis, P., Turesson, C., Michailidou, D., & Mohammad, A. J. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.1058600 · Cited by 14
T-cell lymphocytes’ aging clock: telomeres, telomerase and aging
Chebly, A., Khalil, C., Kuzyk, A. C., Beylot-Barry, M., & Chevret, E. (2023) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1007/s10522-023-10075-6 · Cited by 13
“…is observed after repeated immune-synaptic interactions, and therefore, telomerase activation is reportedly not enough to protect T-cells from proliferative exhaustion and consequent senescence (Hodes et al. 2002; Plunkett et al. 2007; Weng et al. 2009; Goronzy and Weyand 2013; Akbar et al. 2016).”
Public Health Gerontology and Active Aging
Poscia, A., Landi, F., & Collamati, A. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-13620-2_8 · Cited by 13
“The age-dependent decrease in immunological competence, often referred to as “immunosenescence” [110], results from the progressive deterioration of innate and adaptive immune responses (antibody titers are generally lower in the elderly and—particularly for inactivated vaccines—decline fast).”
BackgroundWhitehouse, J., Flaxman, A. L., Rollier, C. S., O’Shea, M. K., Fallowfield, J. L., Lindsay, M., Gunner, F., Knox, K., Wyllie, D. H., & Yamaguchi, Y. (2016) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.02.034 · Cited by 13
Ucar, D., & Benayoun, B. A. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811060-7.00001-2 · Cited by 14
Vaccination during concurrent subcutaneous immunotherapy: safety of simultaneous application.
Ullrich, D., Ullrich, K., Mussler, S., & Thum‐Oltmer, S. (2015) · PubMed · Cited by 13
Wang, X., Guo, D. H., He, C., Wang, X., Yi, W., Zhang, F., Wang, L., & Yang, Y. (2025) · Stem Cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13287-025-04360-z · Cited by 12
“Senescent T cells lose CD28 and express CD57, a shift that correlates with diminished proliferative capacity [54].”
Bruins, W. S. C., Smits, F., Duetz, C., Groen, K., Korst, C. L. B. M., de Jonge, A. V., Verkleij, C. P. M., Rentenaar, R., Cosovic, M., Eken, M., et al. (2025) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.2025028587 · Cited by 13
Kang, M., Lin, F., Jiang, Z., Tan, X., Lin, X., Liang, Z., Xiao, C., Xia, Y., Guan, W., Yang, Z., et al. (2023) · Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses · doi:10.1111/irv.13172 · Cited by 12
Papazisis, G., Topalidou, X., Gioula, G., González, P. A., Bueno, S. M., & Kalergis, A. M. (2024) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines12040353 · Cited by 11
“Similar to T cells, naïve B cells experience a numerical decline in the elderly [13].”
BackgroundResultMatsuura, T., Fukushima, W., Nakagama, Y., Kido, Y., Kase, T., Kondo, K., Kaku, N., Matsumoto, K., Suita, A., Mukai, E., et al. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-57931-0 · Cited by 12
McGovern, I., Chastek, B. J., Bancroft, T., Webb, N. S., Imran, M., Pelton, S. I., & Haag, M. D. M. (2024) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107160 · Cited by 13
The role of the three major intestinal barriers in ulcerative colitis in the elderly
Fu, M., Wang, Q.-W., Liu, Y., & Chen, S. (2025) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2025.102752 · Cited by 14
Kunze, U. (2015) · Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.04.005 · Cited by 12
DJ‐1 depletion prevents immunoaging in T‐cell compartments
Zeng, N., Capelle, C., Baron, A., Kobayashi, T., Cire, S., Tslaf, V., Leonard, C., Coowar, D., Koseki, H., Westendorf, A. M., et al. (2022) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.15252/embr.202153302 · Cited by 13
“Notably, many immunosenescence marker genes (Goronzy & Weyand, 2013), such as killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (Braun et al, 2020), killer cells lectin-like receptors (KLRs), and exhaustion markers, e.g., KLRG1, CD85j, LAG3, TIM3, and several cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors including p21,…”
Clinical decision-making for immunotherapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Schmidinger, M. (2017) · Current Opinion in Urology · doi:10.1097/mou.0000000000000456 · Cited by 12
Faraji, F., Karjoo, Z., Moghaddam, M. V., Heidari, S., Emameh, R. Z., & Falak, R. (2018) · International Reviews of Immunology · doi:10.1080/08830185.2018.1471139 · Cited by 12
McCarty, J. M., Lock, M. D., Bennett, S. R., Hunt, K. M., Simon, J. K., & Gurwith, M. (2019) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.01.077 · Cited by 12
Regulatory T cells and vaccine effectiveness in older adults. Challenges and prospects
Batista-Duharte, A., Pera, A., Aliño, S. F., & Solana, R. (2021) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107761 · Cited by 12
Editorial: Cytokines in inflammation, aging, cancer and obesity
Ilangumaran, S., & Ferbeyre, G. (2016) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2016.03.011 · Cited by 12
Demichev, V., Tober‐Lau, P., Nazarenko, T., Thibeault, C., Whitwell, H. J., Lemke, O., Röhl, A., Freiwald, A., Szyrwiel, Ł., Ludwig, D., et al. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.11.09.20228015 · Cited by 12
Natural Products in Aging: Cellular Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutics for Age‐Related Disorders
Dixit, V., Chaubey, K. K., Dayal, D., Chole, P. B., Manjunath, B. T., Bachheti, R. K., Gupta, P. C., Bachheti, A., & Worku, L. A. (2025) · Journal of Aging Research · doi:10.1155/jare/6868732 · Cited by 11
“However, the immune system becomes less efective as we age, increasing our susceptibility to infections and age-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis and autoimmune disorders [11].”
Pieren, D. K. J., Smits, N. A. M., Imholz, S., Nagarajah, B., van Oostrom, C. T., Brandt, R. M. C., Vermeij, W. P., Dollé, M. E. T., & Guichelaar, T. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging · doi:10.3389/fragi.2021.667193 · Cited by 12
“The phenotype and functionality of T cells change during the course of aging, which contributes to aging-related pathology, increased susceptibility to infectious diseases, and reduced vaccine efficacy in the elderly (Goronzy and Weyand, 2013).”
BackgroundInfluentialMassemin, A., Goehrig, D., Flaman, J., Jaber, S., Griveau, A., Djebali, S., Marcos, É., Payen, L. F., Marvel, J., Parent, R., et al. (2023) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.13971 · Cited by 10
“Altered glucose metabolism and immunosenescence increase with aging, and both participate in a wide spectrum of diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases (Cox et al., 2020 ; Goronzy & Weyand, 2013 ; Kalyani & Egan, 2013; Risk et al., 2018).”
BackgroundThe role of age in ocular toxoplasmosis: clinical signs of immunosenescence and inflammaging
Eraghi, A. T., Garweg, J. G., & Pleyer, U. (2024) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2024.1311145 · Cited by 11
Dysregulated Th1 cells in lung squamous cell carcinoma
Wang, J., Zhou, J., Zhou, Q., Qi, Y., Zhang, P., Yan, C., & Ren, X. (2022) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1002/jlb.1ma0422-208r · Cited by 11
Wang, S., Wen, C. P., Li, W., Li, S., Sun, M., Xu, A., Tsai, M. K., Chu, D. T., Tsai, S. P., Tu, H., et al. (2022) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glac161 · Cited by 11
Baliu‐Piqué, M., Tesselaar, K., & Borghans, J. A. M. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1059481 · Cited by 13
Vaccines and Senior Travellers
Ecarnot, F., Maggi, S., Michel, J., Veronese, N., & Rossanese, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging · doi:10.3389/fragi.2021.677907 · Cited by 12
Why are there so few (or so many) circulating coronaviruses?
Rice, B. L., Douek, D. C., McDermott, A. B., Grenfell, B. T., & Metcalf, C. J. E. (2021) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2021.07.001 · Cited by 11
“Second, for instance in humans and mouse model systems, as the host ages, immunosenescence has been associated with depletion of naïve B and T cells capable of recognizing new pathogens; this in turn can lower the defense barrier against pathogen colonization and/or onward transmission (Figure 2B) [41].”
Age-related changes in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Zuo, M., Ramaglia, V., & Gommerman, J. L. (2022) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2022.101631 · Cited by 11
High-Dimensional Analysis of Human CD8+ T Cell Phenotype, Function, and Antigen Specificity
Newell, E. W., & Lin, W. (2013) · Current topics in microbiology and immunology · doi:10.1007/82_2013_354 · Cited by 11
Single-cell analysis of the human immune system reveals sex-specific dynamics of immunosenescence
Sopena-Rios, M., Ripoll-Cladellas, A., Omidi, F., Ballouz, S., Alquicira-Hernández, J., Oelen, R., Hewitt, A. W., Franke, L., van der Wijst, M. G. P., Powell, J. E., et al. (2026) · Nature Aging · doi:10.1038/s43587-026-01099-x · Cited by 13
Põder, A., Oberije, J., Meyer, J. W., Heymer, P., Molrine, D. C., Versage, E. M., Isakov, L., Zhang, Q., & Hohenboken, M. J. (2023) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines11101528 · Cited by 11
“For adults over the age of 50 years, the ability to respond optimally to vaccination is affected by immunosenescence, in which advancing age diminishes the effectiveness of the immune system [32].”
BackgroundChen, Y., Guo, M., Xie, K., Lei, M., Chai, Y., Zhang, Z., Deng, Z., Peng, Q., Cao, J., Lin, S., et al. (2024) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.clim.2024.109940 · Cited by 12
Imran, M., Mills, C. W., McDermott, K. W., Dean, A., Bogdanov, A., McGovern, I., & Haag, M. D. M. (2024) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofae459 · Cited by 10
“In addition to older adults being at greater risk of severe influenza and morbidity, standard-dose nonadjuvanted influenza vaccines are often less effective in older adults [8–10] due to immunosenescence, the progressive decline and dysregulation of the immune system associated with aging [11–13].”
BackgroundImmunomodulation: A new approach to cancer cachexia, potentially suitable for aging
Penna, F., Rubini, G., & Costelli, P. (2024) · Molecular Aspects of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mam.2024.101318 · Cited by 10
“In aging, these latter are broadly referred to as immunose-nescence, which includes inflammaging, reduced defence against infections or cancer and increased autoimmunity (Goronzy and Weyand, 2013).”
Rodrigues‐Santos, P., López-Sejas, N., Almeida, J. S., Ruzickova, L., Couceiro, P., Alves, V., Campos, C., Alonso, C., Tarazona, R., Freitas-Tavares, P., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02587 · Cited by 10
Yang, J., & Li, H. (2020) · Protein & Cell · doi:10.1007/s13238-020-00782-y · Cited by 10
A Cellular Senescence-Centric Integrated Approach to Understanding Organismal Aging
Sharma, R., & Diwan, B. (2022) · Current Aging Science · doi:10.2174/1874609815666220914104548 · Cited by 9
Sakamoto, A., Matsuda, T., Kawaguchi, K., Takaoka, A., & Maruyama, M. (2017) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/dxx054 · Cited by 10
Triggering of Toll-like Receptors in Old Individuals. Relevance for Vaccination
Zareian, N., Aprile, S., Cristaldi, L., Ligotti, M. E., Vasto, S., & Farzaneh, F. (2019) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612825666191111155800 · Cited by 10
Haematopoietic ageing through the lens of single-cell technologies
Strzelecka, P. M., & Damm, F. (2021) · Disease Models & Mechanisms · doi:10.1242/dmm.047340 · Cited by 10
Palladino, G., Ferrari, A., Music, N., Settembre, E. C., & Wen, Y. (2021) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.08.021 · Cited by 9
Boikos, C., McGovern, I., Ortiz, J. R., Puig‐Barberà, J., Versage, E. M., & Haag, M. D. M. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10091456 · Cited by 10
“Age-related decreases in immune responses—known as immunosenescence—frequently leave older adults vulnerable to influenza and its complications [15,16].”
BackgroundRejecting the Alzheimer's disease vaccine development for the wrong reasons
Marciani, D. J. (2016) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.10.012 · Cited by 10
Immune Deficiencies at the Extremes of Age
Goronzy, J. J., Gustafson, C. E., & Weyand, C. M. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-6896-6.00038-7 · Cited by 10
“18 Increased expression of cytoplasmic phosphatases impairs the TCR-induced”
BackgroundSelf-citationIntrinsic defects in lymph node stromal cells underpin poor germinal center responses during agingPreprint
Denton, A. E., Silva-Cayetano, A., Dooley, J., Hill, D. L., Carr, E. J., Robert, P. A., Meyer-Hermann, M., Liston, A., & Linterman, M. (2020) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.05.07.082255 · Cited by 10
Wang, L., Deng, Z., Li, Y., Wu, Y., Yao, R.-Q., Cao, Y., Wang, M., Zhou, F., Zhu, H., & Kang, H. (2024) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-024-05486-z · Cited by 10
“” This is characterized by changes in the ratio of naïve T cells and memory T cells, imbalanced CD4 + T cells and CD8 + T cells, impaired calcium-mediated signal transduction, and thymic atrophy [48].”
BackgroundClinical and molecular features of immunodeficiency in patients with telomere biology disorders
Catto, L. F. B., Aggarwal, N., Shalhoub, R. N., Ma, X., Darden, I., Machado, T. R., Zhang, Y., Redekar, N. R., Thongon, N., Colla, S., et al. (2025) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.2024026735 · Cited by 9
Burning Down the House: Thymic Repair and Regeneration After Acute Damage
Dudakov, J. A., & van den Brink, M. R. M. (2025) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.70050 · Cited by 9
“…consequences of this decline in T cell production ultimately manifest in reduced naïve T cell output, coupled with the oligoclonal expansion of existing memory T cells, which leads to a constriction in TCR repertoire diversity and reduces the probability of a sufficient immune response [127–129].”
Luo, Y., Xu, H., Xiong, S., & Ke, J. (2025) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cph4.70056 · Cited by 10
“…responsiveness of multiple immune cell types—including T cells, B cells, and NK cells—manifesting in reduced responses to novel antigens, compromised memory cell function, enhanced chronic low-grade inflammation (inflammaging), and increased susceptibility to autoimmunity (Goronzy and Weyand 2013).”
Banović, P., Mijatović, D., Simin, V., Vranješ, N., Meletis, E., Kostoulas, P., Obregón, D., & Cabezas‐Cruz, A. (2024) · Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease · doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2024.102697 · Cited by 9
Fisher, J. S., Adán‐Barrientos, I., Kumar, N., & Lancaster, J. N. (2024) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.14140 · Cited by 8
Towards standardization of immune functional assays
Mouton, W., Vega, C. A., Boccard, M., Bartolo, F., Oriol, G., Lopez, J., Pachot, A., Textoris, J., Mallet, F., Brengel‐Pesce, K., et al. (2019) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.clim.2019.108312 · Cited by 9
Prospective investigation of polyomavirus infection and the risk of adult glioma
Egan, K. M., Kim, Y., Bender, N., Hodge, J. M., Coghill, A. E., Smith‐Warner, S. A., Rollison, D. E. M., Teras, L. R., Grimsrud, T. K., & Waterboer, T. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-89133-3 · Cited by 9
Onchocerciasis Fingerprints in the Geriatric Population: Does Host Immunity Play a Role?
Shintouo, C. M., Shey, R. A., Mets, T. F., Vanhamme, L., Souopgui, J., Ghogomu, S. M., & Njemini, R. (2021) · Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease · doi:10.3390/tropicalmed6030153 · Cited by 9
“Indeed, clinical reports indicate that the ability to mount primary immune responses against novel antigens reduces significantly with age [24], leading to a decrease in response to vaccines by elderly individuals [25–27] and an increase in their susceptibility to diseases [28–31].”
BackgroundT. cruzi infection among aged rats: Melatonin as a promising therapeutic molecule
Brazão, V., Santello, F. H., Colato, R. P., & Júnior, J. C. D. P. (2020) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2020.110922 · Cited by 9
COVID-19 and cancer: Sailing through the tides
Mohanty, A., Agnihotri, S., Mehta, A., & Rawal, S. K. (2021) · Pathology - Research and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.prp.2021.153417 · Cited by 9
Shannack, M. M., & Linterman, M. A. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-394447-4.30070-0 · Cited by 9
Immune senescence: new insights into defects but continued mystery of root causes
Swain, S. L., & Blomberg, B. B. (2013) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.coi.2013.08.001 · Cited by 9
Mao‐Draayer, Y., Bar‐Or, A., Balashov, K. E., Foley, J. F., Smoot, K. E., Longbrake, E. E., Robertson, D. S., Mendoza, J. P., Lewin, J. B., Everage, N. J., et al. (2024) · Advances in Therapy · doi:10.1007/s12325-024-03047-w · Cited by 8
The n-butanol extract of Polygonatum sibiricum improves spleen aging via p53 pathway
Chao, J., Wang, Y., Huang, Q., Zhang, H., Chen, Y., Cheng, X., Mao, J., Yu, J., Yan, M., Chen, S., et al. (2025) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2025.156888 · Cited by 8
Shingles vaccination: background and advice for community nurses
Purssell, E. (2014) · British Journal of Community Nursing · doi:10.12968/bjcn.2014.19.9.442 · Cited by 8
Personality and aging-related immune phenotype
Stéphan, Y., Sutin, A. R., Luchetti, M., Aschwanden, D., & Terracciano, A. (2023) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106113 · Cited by 9
The economics of aging with infectious and chronic diseases
Holger Strulik, B., & Grossmann, V. (2023) · Economics & Human Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101319 · Cited by 8
“It is related to an increased susceptibility to infectious diseases, caused by declining immune responses to infections and vaccination (e.g. Goronzy and Weyand, 2013).”
Backgroundvan der Heiden, M., Berbers, G. A. M., Fuentes, S., van Zelm, M. C., Boots, A. M. H., & Buisman, A. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01962 · Cited by 7
“Hum Vaccin Immunother (2016) 12(7):1808–24.”
BackgroundHuang, X., Ouyang, Q., Ran, M., Zeng, B., Deng, L., Hu, S., Yang, M., Li, G., Deng, T., He, M., et al. (2020) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.103990 · Cited by 8
“Immune cells and circulating factors, including chemokines, cytokines, and other soluble molecules, are generally considered to be critical factors that affect the immune system during the aging process [3].”
BackgroundSchulte, B., Marx, B., Korencak, M., Emmert, D., Aldabbagh, S., Eis-Hübinger, A., & Streeck, H. (2021) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.704719 · Cited by 7
“Moreover, reduced vaccination efficiency is usually observed above the age of 65 (12), yet our described case was 42 years old.”
BackgroundPerico, M. E., Maluta, T., Conti, G., Vella, A., Provezza, L., Cestari, T., Cao, G. D., Segalla, L., Tecchio, C., Benedetti, F. M., et al. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11010001 · Cited by 8
Trained Immunity-Based Vaccines: A Ready-to-Act Strategy to Tackle Viral Outbreaks
Conejero, L., Saz-Leal, P., & Subiza, J. L. (2022) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.95765 · Cited by 9
“The most common features of immunosenescence are short-lived memory responses, impaired response to new antigens, increased predisposition to autoimmune diseases and low-grade systemic inflammation (inflammaging) [27, 28].”
BackgroundVaccination indications and limits in the elderly.
Triglav, T., & Poljak, M. (2013) · PubMed · Cited by 8
Immunotherapy and Complexity: Overcoming Barriers to Control of Advanced Cancer
Lage, A. (2014) · MEDICC Review · doi:10.37757/mr2014.v16.n3-4.13 · Cited by 8
Kaneko, Y., Cho, T., Sato, Y., Goto, K., Yamamoto, S., Goto, S., Madaio, M. P., & Narita, I. (2018) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/gly019 · Cited by 8
Autoimmune Skin Diseases: Role of Sex Hormones, Vitamin D, and Menopause
Fairweather, D. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-44080-3_26 · Cited by 8
Casanova, L., Cortaredona, S., Gaudart, J., Launay, O., Vanhems, P., Villani, P., & Verger, P. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016023 · Cited by 8
“Age will be defined in the following classes: (18-35); (35-45); (45-55); (55-65); (65-75); (75-85); >85.”
Metabolic Signaling as a Driver of T Cell Aging
Choi, M. S., Choi, S., Cho, M., & Kim, C. (2025) · Immune Network · doi:10.4110/in.2025.25.e14 · Cited by 8
The Silent Epidemic: Unveiling Herpetic Uveitis in the Elderly
Zong, Y., Kamoi, K., Zhang, J., Yang, M., Zou, Y., Miyagaki, M., & Ohno‐Matsui, K. (2025) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.70286 · Cited by 7
“…which includes a series of declines in immune function such as a weakened response to new antigens, decreased defense capabilities against infections and cancer, increased susceptibility to autoimmune diseases, persistent low ‐ grade inflammation, and decreased wound healing ability [19, 20].”
Kim, J. K., & Crimmins, E. M. (2026) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glag008 · Cited by 8
Bibliometric and visualization analysis of global research trends on immunosenescence (1970–2021)
Tan, Y., Zhang, C., Li, D., Huang, J., Liu, Z., Chen, T., Zou, X., & Qin, B. (2023) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2023.112089 · Cited by 6
“…12 January 2023 Experimental Gerontology 173 (2023) 112089 immunosenescence include continuous low-grade inflammation, loss of ability to respond to antigens, an increase in the prevalence of autoimmunity, and a loss of memory responses (Goronzy and Weyand, 2013; Adamczyk-Sowa et al., 2022).”
Zheng, J., Zhou, X., Fu, Y., & Chen, Q. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15041314 · Cited by 7
“Additionally, T-cell signaling via the TCR decreases with age [55,56].”
BackgroundUnraveling the Complexities of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Han, X., Sun, Q., Xu, M., Zhu, G., Gao, R., Ni, B., & Li, J. (2023) · Seminars in Liver Disease · doi:10.1055/s-0043-1776127 · Cited by 7
“…am-matorycytokines, and altered expressionofT cell co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory proteins, all of which contribute to an increasedriskof HPD. 158,159 Age-related decline inT cell immunity is multifactorial, including reduced diversity in the T cell receptorpool 160…”
BackgroundRelations of optimism and purpose in life to immune markers in aging
Koga, H. K., Grodstein, F., Williams, D. R., DeMeo, D. L., & Kubzansky, L. D. (2024) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111851 · Cited by 7
How does geographical diversity shape vaccine efficacy?
Abavisani, M., Ansari, B., Ebadpour, N., & Sahebkar, A. (2024) · Clinical and experimental vaccine research · doi:10.7774/cevr.2024.13.4.271 · Cited by 7
Duke, J. M., Randall, S. M., Boyd, J., Fear, M. W., Rea, S. M., & Wood, F. M. (2018) · Burns & Trauma · doi:10.1186/s41038-018-0120-5 · Cited by 7
“Ageing also leads to decreased immune function, and both UVR exposure and ageing involve decreased dendritic cell function or number concurrent with decreased T cell function through loss of activation ligands and elevated anti-inflammatory cytokine levels [39, 40].”
BackgroundEnhanced Efficacy of Vaccination With Vaccinia Virus in Old vs. Young Mice
Shmeleva, E. V., Smith, G. L., & Ferguson, B. J. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01780 · Cited by 6
“The reported decline in the immune system fitness with age, is thought to contribute to reduced vaccine efficacy in humans and mice (5, 6, 11, 12).”
BackgroundHyperprogression after immunotherapy: A comprehensive review.
Çakır, M. O., Kırca, Ö., Gunduz, S. G., & Özdoğan, M. (2019) · PubMed · Cited by 7
Faustino, P., Coutinho, M. P., Leitão, L., Capela, C., Brum, M., Parra, J., Sequeira, J., Barros, A., Araújo, C., Sousa, A. P., et al. (2021) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2021.102859 · Cited by 7
Huie, J. R., Chou, A., Espin, A. T., Nielson, J. L., Yuh, E. L., Gardner, R. C., Diaz-Arrastia, R. R., Manley, G. A., Ferguson, A. R., & The TRACK-TBI Investigators (2021) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.768735 · Cited by 7
“This concept is related to the notion of “immunosenescence,” the dysregulation of immune function due to aging (36, 37).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Goronzy, J. J., & Weyand, C. M.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System (US)
- Corresponding author
- Goronzy, Jörg J
- Venue
- Nature Immunology
- Published
- 2013-04-18
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 428-436
- ISSN
- 1529-2908 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2916
- PMC
- PMC4183346
- OpenAlex
- W1992431343
- Cited by
- 827
- References
- 115
- Citations by year
- 2026: 66 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 89 · 2023: 76 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 83 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 68 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 59 · 2016: 53 · 2015: 53 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 15
- FWCI
- 4.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P01HL058000, R01HL117913)
- National Eye Institute (R01EY011916)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI044142, U01AI089859, R01AI44142, R01AI108906, U19AI090019, R01AI108891, U19AI057266)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01AR042527)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Keywords
- immunosenescence, immunological aging, older adults, vaccine response, innate immune dysregulation, mouse models of aging
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Animals, Communicable Disease Control, Humans, Immunocompetence, Vaccination, Vaccines, Cellular Senescence, Mice, Adaptive Immunity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
