The DOI matches its Crossref record; 149 of the 149 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Innate and adaptive immune cells in the tumor microenvironment
Open accessAbstract
Most tumor cells express antigens that can mediate recognition by host CD8(+) T cells. Cancers that are detected clinically must have evaded antitumor immune responses to grow progressively. Recent work has suggested two broad categories of tumor escape based on cellular and molecular characteristics of the tumor microenvironment. One major subset shows a T cell-inflamed phenotype consisting of infiltrating T cells, a broad chemokine profile and a type I interferon signature indicative of innate immune activation. These tumors appear to resist immune attack through the dominant inhibitory effects of immune system-suppressive pathways. The other major phenotype lacks this T cell-inflamed phenotype and appears to resist immune attack through immune system exclusion or ignorance. These two major phenotypes of tumor microenvironment may require distinct immunotherapeutic interventions for maximal therapeutic effect.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Numerous studies have reported that immunosuppressive cells, ranging from Tregs and B cells, are recruited during tumor progression.254,255”
From Drug repurposing for cancer therapy (2024) · cites this paper as [254]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“CAR-Ms promoted an inflammatory state within the TME and were capable of antigen cross-presentation to tumor-specific CD8+ T cells [135].”
From Advances on immunotherapy for osteosarcoma (2024) · cites this paper as [135]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
FOXO3 programs tumor-associated DCs to become tolerogenic in human and murine prostate cancer
Watkins, S. K., Zhu, Z., Riboldi, E., Shafer-Weaver, K., Stagliano, K. E., Sklavos, M. M., Ambs, S., Yagita∥, H., & Hurwitz, A. A. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci44325 · Cited by 137
RetractedImproved Survival with Ipilimumab in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma
Hodi, F. S., O'Day, S. J., McDermott, D. F., Weber, R. W., Sosman, J. A., Haanen, J. B., Gonzalez, R., Robert, C., Schadendorf, D., Hassel, J. C., et al. (2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1003466 · Cited by 15,155
Safety, activity, and immune correlates of anti–PD-1 antibody in cancer
Topalian, S. L., Hodi, F. S., Brahmer, J. R., Gettinger, S. N., Smith, D. C., McDermott, D. F., Powderly, J. D., Carvajal, R. D., Sosman, J. A., Atkins, M. B., et al. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1200690 · Cited by 12,628
Mutations of the BRAF gene in human cancer
Davies, H., Bignell, G. R., Cox, C., Stephens, P., Edkins, S., Clegg, S., Teague, J., Woffendin, H., Garnett, M. J., Bottomley, W., et al. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature00766 · Cited by 10,674
Safety and activity of anti-PD-L1 antibody in patients with advanced cancer
Brahmer, J. R., Tykodi, S. S., Chow, L. Q. M., Hwu, W.-J., Topalian, S. L., Hwu, P., Drake, C. G., Camacho, L. H., Kauh, J., Odunsi, K., et al. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1200694 · Cited by 7,945
Type, Density, and Location of Immune Cells Within Human Colorectal Tumors Predict Clinical Outcome
Galon, J., Costes, A., Sanchez-Cabo, F., Kirilovsky, A., Mlecnik, B., Lagorce-Pagès, C., Tosolini, M., Camus, M., Berger, A., Wind, P., et al. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1129139 · Cited by 6,516
Curiel, T. J., Coukos, G., Zou, L., Alvarez, X., Cheng, P., Mottram, P., Evdemon-Hogan, M., Conejo-Garcia, J. R., Zhang, L., Burow, M., et al. (2004) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1093 · Cited by 5,151
Induction of Intestinal Th17 Cells by Segmented Filamentous Bacteria
Ivanov, I. I., Atarashi, K., Manel, N., Brodie, E. L., Shima, T., Karaoz, U., Wei, D., Goldfarb, K. C., Santee, C. A., Lynch, S. V., et al. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.09.033 · Cited by 4,554
A Gene Encoding an Antigen Recognized by Cytolytic T Lymphocytes on a Human Melanoma
van der Bruggen, P., Traversari, C., Chomez, P., Lurquin, C., Plaen, E. D., den Eynde, B. J. V., Knuth, A. K., & Boon, T. (1991) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1840703 · Cited by 3,548
Intratumoral T Cells, Recurrence, and Survival in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Zhang, L., Conejo-Garcia, J. R., Katsaros, D., Gimotty, P. A., Massobrio, M., Regnani, G., Makrigiannakis, A., Gray, H., Schlienger, K., Liebman, M. N., et al. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa020177 · Cited by 3,397
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Spranger, S. et al. Upregulation of PD-L1, IDO and Tregs in the melanoma tumor microenvironment is driven by CD8+ T cells. Sci. Transl. Med. (in the press).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Primary, Adaptive, and Acquired Resistance to Cancer Immunotherapy
Sharma, P., Hu-Lieskovan, S., Wargo, J. A., & Ribas, A. (2017) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.01.017 · Cited by 5,588
Elements of cancer immunity and the cancer–immune set point
Chen, D. S., & Mellman, I. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature21349 · Cited by 5,352
Predictive correlates of response to the anti-PD-L1 antibody MPDL3280A in cancer patients
Herbst, R. S., Soria, J.-C., Kowanetz, M., Fine, G. D., Hamid, O., Gordon, M. S., Sosman, J. A., McDermott, D. F., Powderly, J. D., Gettinger, S. N., et al. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14011 · Cited by 5,231
Signatures of T cell dysfunction and exclusion predict cancer immunotherapy response
Jiang, P., Gu, S., Pan, D., Fu, J., Sahu, A., Hu, X., Li, Z., Traugh, N., Bu, X., Li, B., et al. (2018) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0136-1 · Cited by 5,179
Tumor-Associated Macrophages: From Mechanisms to Therapy
Noy, R., & Pollard, J. W. (2014) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2014.06.010 · Cited by 4,089
“However, even early on, there is also engagement of cells of the acquired system—particularly T cells (Gajewski et al., 2013).”
BackgroundInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Gajewski, T. F., Schreiber, H., & Fu, Y.-X.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gajewski, Thomas F
- Venue
- Nature Immunology
- Published
- 2013-09-18
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1014-1022
- ISSN
- 1529-2908 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2916
- PMC
- PMC4118725
- OpenAlex
- W2042699075
- Cited by
- 4,148
- References
- 149
- Citations by year
- 2026: 187 · 2025: 310 · 2024: 432 · 2023: 486 · 2022: 443 · 2021: 522 · 2020: 372 · 2019: 315 · 2018: 290 · 2017: 290 · 2016: 240 · 2015: 162 · 2014: 82 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 17.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA161005, R01CA127475, R01CA118153)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
- Keywords
- tumor microenvironment, tumor immune evasion, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, CD8+ T cells, immune exclusion, type I interferon signature, chemokine profile, immune checkpoint blockade, cancer immunotherapy
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Dendritic Cells, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Lymphocyte Activation, Neoplasms, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, Stromal Cells, Adaptive Immunity, Tumor Microenvironment
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review