Cited by 4,148Cancer Immunotherapy and BiomarkersImmunotherapy and Immune ResponsesImmune cells in cancer

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Innate and adaptive immune cells in the tumor microenvironment

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Gajewski, Thomas F, Schreiber, Hans, Fu, Yang-Xin·2013·Nature Immunology

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Abstract

Most tumor cells express antigens that can mediate recognition by host CD8(+) T cells. Cancers that are detected clinically must have evaded antitumor immune responses to grow progressively. Recent work has suggested two broad categories of tumor escape based on cellular and molecular characteristics of the tumor microenvironment. One major subset shows a T cell-inflamed phenotype consisting of infiltrating T cells, a broad chemokine profile and a type I interferon signature indicative of innate immune activation. These tumors appear to resist immune attack through the dominant inhibitory effects of immune system-suppressive pathways. The other major phenotype lacks this T cell-inflamed phenotype and appears to resist immune attack through immune system exclusion or ignorance. These two major phenotypes of tumor microenvironment may require distinct immunotherapeutic interventions for maximal therapeutic effect.

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Spranger, S. et al. Upregulation of PD-L1, IDO and Tregs in the melanoma tumor microenvironment is driven by CD8+ T cells. Sci. Transl. Med. (in the press).

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Authors: Gajewski, T. F., Schreiber, H., & Fu, Y.-X.
Affiliations: University of Chicago (US)
Corresponding author: Gajewski, Thomas F
ORCID: Schreiber, Hans
Fu, Yang-Xin
Venue: Nature Immunology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2013-09-18
Volume: 14
Issue: 10
Pages: 1014-1022
ISSN: 1529-2908 (ISSN-L)
1529-2916
DOI: 10.1038/ni.2703
PMC: PMC4118725
OpenAlex: W2042699075
Cited by: 4,148
References: 149
Citations by year: 2026: 187 · 2025: 310 · 2024: 432 · 2023: 486 · 2022: 443 · 2021: 522 · 2020: 372 · 2019: 315 · 2018: 290 · 2017: 290 · 2016: 240 · 2015: 162 · 2014: 82 · 2013: 1
FWCI: 17.11
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature Immunology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Cancer Institute (R01CA161005, R01CA127475, R01CA118153)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
Keywords: tumor microenvironment, tumor immune evasion, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, CD8+ T cells, immune exclusion, type I interferon signature, chemokine profile, immune checkpoint blockade, cancer immunotherapy
MeSH terms: Animals, Dendritic Cells, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Lymphocyte Activation, Neoplasms, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, Stromal Cells, Adaptive Immunity, Tumor Microenvironment

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Innate and adaptive immune cells in the tumor microenvironment

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