Cited by 556Bone Metabolism and DiseasesBone health and osteoporosis researchOsteomyelitis and Bone Disorders Research

Regulation of bone formation by osteoclasts involves Wnt/BMP signaling and the chemokine sphingosine-1-phosphate

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Pederson, Larry, Ruan, Ming, Westendorf, Jennifer J., Khosla, Sundeep, Oursler, Merry Jo·2008·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Abstract

Under most conditions, resorbed bone is nearly precisely replaced in location and amount by new bone. Thus, it has long been recognized that bone loss through osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and bone replacement through osteoblast-mediated bone formation are tightly coupled processes. Abundant data conclusively demonstrate that osteoblasts direct osteoclast differentiation. Key questions remain, however, as to how osteoblasts are recruited to the resorption site and how the amount of bone produced is so precisely controlled. We hypothesized that osteoclasts play a crucial role in the promotion of bone formation. We found that osteoclast conditioned medium stimulates human mesenchymal stem (hMS) cell migration and differentiation toward the osteoblast lineage as measured by mineralized nodule formation in vitro. We identified candidate osteoclast-derived coupling factors using the Affymetrix microarray. We observed significant induction of sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1), which catalyzes the phosphorylation of sphingosine to form sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), in mature multinucleated osteoclasts as compared with preosteoclasts. S1P induces osteoblast precursor recruitment and promotes mature cell survival. Wnt10b and BMP6 also were significantly increased in mature osteoclasts, whereas sclerostin levels decreased during differentiation. Stimulation of hMS cell nodule formation by osteoclast conditioned media was attenuated by the Wnt antagonist Dkk1, a BMP6-neutralizing antibody, and by a S1P antagonist. BMP6 antibodies and the S1P antagonist, but not Dkk1, reduced osteoclast conditioned media-induced hMS chemokinesis. In summary, our findings indicate that osteoclasts may recruit osteoprogenitors to the site of bone remodeling through SIP and BMP6 and stimulate bone formation through increased activation of Wnt/BMP pathways.

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  • Mature osteoclasts secrete factors that stimulate osteoblast differentiation, including Wnt10b, BMP6, and sphingosine-1-phosphate.

    “Furthermore, mature osteoclasts secrete a number of factors that stimulate osteoblast differentiation such as the secreted signaling molecules Wnt10b, BMP6, and the signaling sphingolipid, sphingosine-1-phosphate [180].”
  • Several osteoclast-derived factors released into the BRC have been identified and validated in genetically modified mouse models: CT-1, S1P, Wnt10B, BMP6, CTHRC1, C3a, and LIF.

    “Several osteoclast-derived factors released into the BRC have been identified and validated in genetically modified mouse models. These factors include cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1),228 S1P,229 Wnt10B, BMP6,230 collagen triple helix repeat-containing 1 (CTHRC1),231 complement factor 3a (C3a),232 and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF).233”

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Authors
Pederson, L., Ruan, M., Westendorf, J. J., Khosla, S., & Oursler, M. J.
Affiliations
  • Mayo Clinic (US)
  • Endocrine Research Unit,
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Published
2008-12-30
Volume
105
Issue
52
Pages
20764-20769
ISSN
  • 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
  • 1091-6490
OpenAlex
W2058125623
Cited by
556
References
52
Citations by year
2026: 20 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 35
FWCI
8.63
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute on Aging (R01AG028936, AG028936, P01AG004875, AG004875)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bone Metabolism and Diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Osteomyelitis and Bone Disorders Research
Keywords
bone formation, osteoclasts, bone remodeling, Wnt signaling, BMP signaling, sphingosine-1-phosphate, sphingosine kinase 1, BMP6, Wnt10b, sclerostin, DKK1, mesenchymal stem cells, osteogenic differentiation, chemokinesis, osteoclast recruitment
MeSH terms
Sphingosine Kinase, Animals, Calcification, Physiologic, Cell Differentiation, Cell Line, Cell Movement, Humans, Lysophospholipids, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Osteoclasts, Osteogenesis, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Sphingosine, Signal Transduction, Culture Media, Conditioned, Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor), Chemokines, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Wnt Proteins, Mice, Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6, Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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