Going deeper than microscopy: the optical imaging frontier in biology
Open accessAbstract
Optical microscopy has been a fundamental tool of biological discovery for more than three centuries, but its in vivo tissue imaging ability has been restricted by light scattering to superficial investigations, even when confocal or multiphoton methods are used. Recent advances in optical and optoacoustic (photoacoustic) imaging now allow imaging at depths and resolutions unprecedented for optical methods. These abilities are increasingly important to understand the dynamic interactions of cellular processes at different systems levels, a major challenge of postgenome biology. This Review discusses promising photonic methods that have the ability to visualize cellular and subcellular components in tissues across different penetration scales. The methods are classified into microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic approaches, according to the tissue depth at which they operate. Key characteristics associated with different imaging implementations are described and the potential of these technologies in biological applications is discussed.
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OCT can be used to image to depths of up to 2 mm with resolution smaller than 10 μm.
“OCT can be used to image to depths of up to 2 mm with resolution smaller than 10 μm.83,86”
From Effect of skin color on optical properties and the implications for medical optical technologies: a review (2024) · cites this paper as [83]
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- Authors
- Ntziachristos, V.
- Affiliations
- Helmholtz Munich (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Ntziachristos, Vasilis
- Venue
- Nature Methods
- Published
- 2010-07-30
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 603-614
- ISSN
- 1548-7091 (ISSN-L)
- 1548-7105
- OpenAlex
- W2067203318
- Cited by
- 1,896
- References
- 99
- Citations by year
- 2026: 91 · 2025: 106 · 2024: 140 · 2023: 105 · 2022: 138 · 2021: 132 · 2020: 114 · 2019: 141 · 2018: 139 · 2017: 148 · 2016: 142 · 2015: 141 · 2014: 134 · 2013: 96 · 2012: 80
- FWCI
- 7.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- zenodo.org
- Licence
- other-oa
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Methods (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Site cant be reached (submittedVersion)
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
- Keywords
- optical imaging, photoacoustic imaging, in vivo tissue imaging, light scattering, imaging depth, intracellular imaging, mesoscopic imaging, macroscopic imaging, cell dynamics
- MeSH terms
- Microscopy, Tomography, Microscopy, Confocal, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton, Optics and Photonics
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