A small animal Raman instrument for rapid, wide-area, spectroscopic imaging
Open accessAbstract
Raman spectroscopy, amplified by surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoparticles, is a molecular imaging modality with ultra-high sensitivity and the unique ability to multiplex readouts from different molecular targets using a single wavelength of excitation. This approach holds exciting prospects for a range of applications in medicine, including identification and characterization of malignancy during endoscopy and intraoperative image guidance of surgical resection. The development of Raman molecular imaging with SERS nanoparticles is presently limited by long acquisition times, poor spatial resolution, small field of view, and difficulty in animal handling with existing Raman spectroscopy instruments. Our goal is to overcome these limitations by designing a bespoke instrument for Raman molecular imaging in small animals. Here, we present a unique and dedicated small-animal Raman imaging instrument that enables rapid, high-spatial resolution, spectroscopic imaging over a wide field of view (> 6 cm 2 ), with simplified animal handling. Imaging of SERS nanoparticles in small animals demonstrated that this small animal Raman imaging system can detect multiplexed SERS signals in both superficial and deep tissue locations at least an order of magnitude faster than existing systems without compromising sensitivity.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
With modern laser and sensor technology and selective enhancement of SERS NP reporter molecules' Raman scattering over background intrinsic scattering, multiple SERS NP types can be rapidly and quantitatively detected in a single Raman hyperspectral image.
“With modern laser and sensor technology and the selective enhancement of SERS NP reporter molecules’ Raman scattering over any background intrinsic scattering, we can rapidly and quantitatively detect the spatial distribution of multiple SERS NP types, or flavors, in a single Raman hyperspectral image.10,13,14”
From Assessment of unmixing approaches for the quantitation of SERS nanoparticles in highly multiplexed spectral images (2024) · cites this paper as [13]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
In vivo tumor targeting and spectroscopic detection with surface-enhanced Raman nanoparticle tags
Qian, X., Peng, X.-H., Ansari, D. O., Yin-Goen, Q., Chen, G. Z., Shin, D. M., Yang, L., Young, A. N., Wang, M. D., & Nie, S. (2008) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt1377 · Cited by 2,201 · see citing works
Going deeper than microscopy: the optical imaging frontier in biology
Ntziachristos, V. (2010) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.1483 · Cited by 1,896 · see citing works
A Molecular Imaging Primer: Modalities, Imaging Agents, and Applications
James, M. L., & Gambhir, S. S. (2012) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00049.2010 · Cited by 1,145 · see citing works
Self-citationKircher, M. F., de la Zerda, A., Jokerst, J. V., Zavaleta, C. L., Kempen, P. J., Mittra, E., Pitter, K. L., Huang, R., Campos, C., Habte, F. G., et al. (2012) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2721 · Cited by 1,066 · see citing works
Self-citationZavaleta, C. L., Smith, B. R., Walton, I., Doering, W., Davis, G., Shojaei, B., Natan, M. J., & Gambhir, S. S. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0813327106 · Cited by 714 · see citing works
Self-citationNoninvasive molecular imaging of small living subjects using Raman spectroscopy
Keren, S., Zavaleta, C. L., Cheng, Z., de la Zerda, A., Gheysens, O. S., & Gambhir, S. S. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0710575105 · Cited by 604 · see citing works
Self-citationRaman and SERS microscopy for molecular imaging of live cells
Palonpon, A. F., Ando, J., Yamakoshi, H., Dodo, K., Sodeoka, M., Kawata, S., & Fujita, K. (2013) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/nprot.2013.030 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
SERS as a Foundation for Nanoscale, Optically Detected Biological Labels
Doering, W. E., Piotti, M. E., Natan, M. J., & Freeman, R. G. (2007) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.200701984 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Ultrasensitive Near‐Infrared Raman Reporters for SERS‐Based In Vivo Cancer Detection
Samanta, A., Maiti, K. K., Soh, K., Liao, X., Vendrell, M., Dinish, U. S., Yun, S., Ramaswamy, B., Kim, H., Rautela, S., et al. (2011) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201007841 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Chemical analysis in vivo and in vitro by Raman spectroscopy—from single cells to humans
Wachsmann‐Hogiu, S., Weeks, T. J., & Huser, T. R. (2009) · Current Opinion in Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2009.02.006 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Raman Microspectroscopy: A Comparison of Point, Line, and Wide-Field Imaging Methodologies
Schlücker, S., Schaeberle, M. D., Huffman, S. W., et al. (2003) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac034169h · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Surface enhanced spatially offset Raman spectroscopic (SESORS) imaging – the next dimension
Stone, N., Kerssens, M., Lloyd, G. R., Faulds, K., Graham, D., & Matousek, P. (2011) · Chemical Science · doi:10.1039/c0sc00570c · Cited by 183 · see citing works
The Fate and Toxicity of Raman-Active Silica-Gold Nanoparticles in Mice
Thakor, A. S., Luong, R., Paulmurugan, R., Lin, F. I., Kempen, P., Zavaleta, C., Chu, P., Massoud, T. F., Sinclair, R., & Gambhir, S. S. (2011) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3001963 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Self-citationJokerst, J. V., Miao, Z., Zavaleta, C. L., Cheng, Z., & Gambhir, S. S. (2011) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.201002291 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Self-citationRaman Mapping Using Advanced Line-Scanning Systems: Geological Applications
Bernard, S., Beyssac, O., & Benzerara, K. (2008) · Applied Spectroscopy · doi:10.1366/000370208786401581 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Zavaleta, C. L., Hartman, K. B., Miao, Z., James, M. L., Kempen, P. J., Thakor, A. S., Nielsen, C. H., Sinclair, R., Cheng, Z., & Gambhir, S. S. (2011) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.201002317 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Self-citationWidefield quantitative multiplex surface enhanced Raman scattering imaging in vivo
McVeigh, P. Z., Mallia, R. J., Veilleux, I., & Wilson, B. C. (2013) · Journal of Biomedical Optics · doi:10.1117/1.jbo.18.4.046011 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Multichannel diffuse optical Raman tomography for bone characterization in vivo: a phantom study
Demers, J.-L. H., Davis, S. C., Pogue, B. W., et al. (2012) · Biomedical Optics Express · doi:10.1364/boe.3.002299 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
A remote scanning Raman spectrometer for in situ measurements of works of art
Brambilla, A., Osticioli, I., Nevin, A., et al. (2011) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.3600565 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Mallia, R. J., Veilleux, I., Wilson, B. C., & McVeigh, P. Z. (2012) · Journal of Biomedical Optics · doi:10.1117/1.jbo.17.7.076017 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering nanostars for high-precision cancer imaging
Harmsen, S., Huang, R., Wall, M. A., Karabeber, H., Samii, J. M., Spaliviero, M., White, J. R., Monette, S., O’Connor, R., Pitter, K. L., et al. (2015) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3010633 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Huang, R., Harmsen, S., Samii, J. M., Karabeber, H., Pitter, K. L., Holland, E. C., & Kircher, M. F. (2016) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.13842 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Wang, Y. W., Kang, S., Khan, A., Bao, P. Q., & Liu, J. T. C. (2015) · Biomedical Optics Express · doi:10.1364/boe.6.003714 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Wang, Y. “., Reder, N. P., Kang, S., Glaser, A. K., Yang, Q., Wall, M. A., Javid, S. H., Dintzis, S. M., & Liu, J. T. C. (2017) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0709 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Rapid ratiometric biomarker detection with topically applied SERS nanoparticles
Wang, Y. "., Khan, A., Som, M., Wang, D., Chen, Y., Leigh, S. Y., Meza, D., McVeigh, P. Z., Wilson, B. C., & Liu, J. T. C. (2014) · TECHNOLOGY · doi:10.1142/s2339547814500125 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Yu, J. H., Steinberg, I., Davis, R. M., Malkovskiy, A. V., Zlitni, A., Radzyminski, R. K., Jung, K. O., Chung, D. T., Curet, L. D., D’Souza, A. L., et al. (2021) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.1c07470 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationCzaja, A., Awad, S., Eremina, O. E., Fernando, A., & Zavaleta, C. (2024) · Journal of Raman Spectroscopy · doi:10.1002/jrs.6653 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Bohndiek, S. E., Wagadarikar, A., Zavaleta, C. L., Van de Sompel, D., Garai, E., Jokerst, J. V., Yazdanfar, S., & Gambhir, S. S.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- General Electric (United States) (US)
- Bio-X Program and Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; and
- Corresponding author
- Gambhir, Sanjiv S.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2013-07-02
- Volume
- 110
- Issue
- 30
- Pages
- 12408-12413
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC3725059
- OpenAlex
- W2165712367
- Cited by
- 133
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 8.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute (CA151459, U54CA151459)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials › Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
- Keywords
- Raman imaging, high spatial resolution, endoscopic cancer detection, intraoperative image guidance, animal handling
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Female, Mice, Nude, Spectrum Analysis, Raman, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
