The DOI matches its Crossref record; 45 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Input normalization by global feedforward inhibition expands cortical dynamic range
Open accessAbstract
The cortex is sensitive to weak stimuli, but responds to stronger inputs without saturating. The mechanisms that enable this wide range of operation are not fully understood. We found that the amplitude of excitatory synaptic currents necessary to fire rodent pyramidal cells, the threshold excitatory current, increased with stimulus strength. Consequently, the relative contribution of individual afferents in firing a neuron was inversely proportional to the total number of active afferents. Feedforward inhibition, acting homogeneously across pyramidal cells, ensured that threshold excitatory currents increased with stimulus strength. In contrast, heterogeneities in the distribution of excitatory currents in the neuronal population determined the specific set of pyramidal cells recruited. Together, these mechanisms expand the range of afferent input strengths that neuronal populations can represent.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Feedforward inhibition has also been shown to participate in gain modulation through input normalization (Pouille et al., 2009).”
From GABAergic Interneurons in the Neocortex: From Cellular Properties to Circuits (2016) · cites this paper as Pouille et al., 2009
In the citing paper
“This pattern of activity creates a compound synaptic event that drives spiking with much greater temporal precision than could be achieved by excitation alone (Pouille et al., 2009; Pouille and Scanziani, 2001).”
From Unifying Views of Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Consideration of Autoregulatory Feedback Loops (2016) · cites this paper as Pouille et al., 2009
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Tests for comparing elements of a correlation matrix
Steiger, J. H. (1980) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.87.2.245 · Cited by 4,621 · cited 1×
“02), assessed using one-tail test of correlation for dependent variable”
Interneurons of the hippocampus
Freund, T. F., & Buzsáki, G. (1998) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1063(1996)6:4 · Cited by 3,478
Marr, D. (1969) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1969.sp008820 · Cited by 3,253
Dynamics of the Hippocampal Ensemble Code for Space
Wilson, M. A., & McNaughton, B. L. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8351520 · Cited by 2,350
Shadlen, M. N., & Newsome, W. T. (1998) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-10-03870.1998 · Cited by 2,178
Enforcement of Temporal Fidelity in Pyramidal Cells by Somatic Feed-Forward Inhibition
Pouille, F., & Scanziani, M. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1060342 · Cited by 1,097
Self-citationGain Modulation from Background Synaptic Input
Chance, F. S., Abbott, L. F., & Reyes, A. D. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00820-6 · Cited by 1,012
Stable propagation of synchronous spiking in cortical neural networks
Diesmann, M., Gewaltig, M.-O., & Aertsen, A. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/990101 · Cited by 998
Channelrhodopsin-2-assisted circuit mapping of long-range callosal projections
Petreanu, L., Huber, D., Sobczyk, A., & Svoboda, K. (2007) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1891 · Cited by 930
Defined types of cortical interneurone structure space and spike timing in the hippocampus
Somogyi, P., & Klausberger, T. (2005) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2004.078915 · Cited by 927
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
GABAergic Interneurons in the Neocortex: From Cellular Properties to Circuits
Tremblay, R., Lee, S., & Rudy, B. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.06.033 · Cited by 2,033
How Inhibition Shapes Cortical Activity
Isaacson, J. S., & Scanziani, M. (2011) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.09.027 · Cited by 1,678
Self-citationFast-spiking, parvalbumin + GABAergic interneurons: From cellular design to microcircuit function
Hu, H., Gan, J., & Jonas, P. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1255263 · Cited by 1,197
Equalizing excitation-inhibition ratios across visual cortical neurons
Xue, M., Atallah, B. V., & Scanziani, M. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13321 · Cited by 722
Self-citationToo many cooks? Intrinsic and synaptic homeostatic mechanisms in cortical circuit refinement
Turrigiano, G. (2011) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-060909-153238 · Cited by 671
Metadata
- Authors
- Pouille, F., Marin-Burgin, A., Adesnik, H., Atallah, B. V., & Scanziani, M.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Scanziani, Massimo
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 2009-11-01
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1577-1585
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- OpenAlex
- W2124909604
- Cited by
- 306
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 9.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CONICET Digital (CONICET) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH71401, R01MH071401)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (F31NS061521, NS061521)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- feedforward inhibition, input normalization, pyramidal neurons, stimulus sensitivity, population coding, rodent cortex
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Animals, Interneurons, Models, Neurological, Neural Inhibition, Neural Pathways, Rodentia, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Pyramidal Cells, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Feedback, Physiological, CA1 Region, Hippocampal
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review