The DOI matches its Crossref record; 147 of the 147 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
What the orbitofrontal cortex does not do
Open accessAbstract
The number of papers about the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) has grown from 1 per month in 1987 to a current rate of over 50 per month. This publication stream has implicated the OFC in nearly every function known to cognitive neuroscience and in most neuropsychiatric diseases. However, new ideas about OFC function are typically based on limited data sets and often ignore or minimize competing ideas or contradictory findings. Yet true progress in our understanding of an area's function comes as much from invalidating existing ideas as proposing new ones. Here we consider the proposed roles for OFC, critically examining the level of support for these claims and highlighting the data that call them into question.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“However, the importance of the OFC has been challenged in this and other work (Berridge and Kringelbach, 2008; Stalnaker et al., 2015).”
From Circuit Mechanisms of Reward, Anhedonia, and Depression (2019) · cites this paper as Stalnaker et al., 2015
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A neural substrate of prediction and reward
Schultz, W., Dayan, P., & Montague, P. R. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.275.5306.1593 · Cited by 9,388
Learning to predict by the methods of temporal differences
Sutton, R. S. (1988) · Machine Learning · doi:10.1007/bf00115009 · Cited by 5,148
Classical conditioning II: Current research and theory.
Black, A. H., & Prokasy, W. F. (1972) · Appleton-Century-Crofts eBooks · Cited by 4,449
Deciding advantageously before knowing the advantageous strategy
Bechara, A., Damasio, H., Tranel, D., & Damasio, A. R. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.275.5304.1293 · Cited by 3,547
Pearce, J. M., & Hall, G. (1980) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.87.6.532 · Cited by 3,023
The Logic of Scientific Discovery
Popper, K. R., & Weiss, G. (1959) · Physics Today · doi:10.1063/1.3060577 · Cited by 2,717
Ongur, D. (2000) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/10.3.206 · Cited by 2,627
Daw, N. D., Niv, Y., & Dayan, P. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1560 · Cited by 2,533
Inhibition and the right inferior frontal cortex: one decade on
Aron, A. R., Robbins, T. W., & Poldrack, R. A. (2014) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2013.12.003 · Cited by 2,166
Different contributions of the human amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex to decision-making
Bechara, A., Damasio, H., Damasio, A. R., & Lee, G. P. (1999) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-13-05473.1999 · Cited by 2,001
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Harlow, J.M. Recovery after passage of an iron bar through the head. Pub. Mass. Med. Soc. 2, 329–346 (1868).
- Izquierdo, A.D. & Murray, E.A. Bilateral orbital prefrontal cortex lesions disrupt reinforcer devaluation effects in rhesus monkeys. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 26, 978 (2000).
- von Neumann, J. & Morgenstern, O. Theory of Games and Economic Behavior (Princeton University Press, 1947).
- Sutton, R.S. Learning to predict by the method of temporal difference. Mach. Learn. 3, 9–44 (1988).
- Schoenbaum, G., Setlow, B. & Gallagher, M. Orbitofrontal cortex: modeling prefrontal function in rats. in The Neuropsychology of Memory (eds. L. Squire & D. Schacter) 463–477 (Guilford Press, 2002).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Neurobiology of Human Attachments
Feldman, R. (2017) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2016.11.007 · Cited by 839
The neural basis of reversal learning: An updated perspective
Izquierdo, A., Brigman, J. L., Radke, A. K., Rudebeck, P. H., & Holmes, A. (2017) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.03.021 · Cited by 670
Human orbitofrontal cortex represents a cognitive map of state space
Schuck, N. W., Cai, M. B., Wilson, R. C., & Niv, Y. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.08.019 · Cited by 602
Over the river, through the woods: cognitive maps in the hippocampus and orbitofrontal cortex
Wikenheiser, A. M., & Schoenbaum, G. M. (2016) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.56 · Cited by 368
Self-citationLearning task-state representations
Niv, Y. (2019) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0470-8 · Cited by 356
Metadata
- Authors
- Stalnaker, T. A., Cooch, N. K., & Schoenbaum, G.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schoenbaum, Geoffrey
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 2015-04-28
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 620-627
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- PMC
- PMC5541252
- OpenAlex
- W2020689320
- Cited by
- 531
- References
- 147
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 77 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 60 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 16
- FWCI
- 5.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
- National Institutes of Health (Z99 DA999999)
- National Institute on Aging
- National Institute of Mental Health
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (ZIADA000587)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- orbitofrontal cortex, neuropsychiatric disorders, cognitive neuroscience
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain Mapping, Decision Making, Emotions, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Judgment, Learning, Models, Neurological, Models, Psychological, Primates, Reward, Prefrontal Cortex, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review