Learning to expect the unexpected: rapid updating in primate cerebellum during voluntary self-motion
Open accessAbstract
There is considerable evidence that the cerebellum has a vital role in motor learning by constructing an estimate of the sensory consequences of movement. Theory suggests that this estimate is compared with the actual feedback to compute the sensory prediction error. However, direct proof for the existence of this comparison is lacking. We carried out a trial-by-trial analysis of cerebellar neurons during the execution and adaptation of voluntary head movements and found that neuronal sensitivities dynamically tracked the comparison of predictive and feedback signals. When the relationship between the motor command and resultant movement was altered, neurons robustly responded to sensory input as if the movement was externally generated. Neuronal sensitivities then declined with the same time course as the concurrent behavioral learning. These findings demonstrate the output of an elegant computation in which rapid updating of an internal model enables the motor system to learn to expect unexpected sensory inputs.
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When the head movement is perturbed by external forces, the initially high sensitivity of fastigial neurons gradually decreases, mirroring the adaptation that occurs in head movement.
“Moreover, when the head movement is perturbed by external forces, the initially high sensitivity of fastigial neurons gradually decreases, mirroring the adaptation that occurs in head movement (Brooks et al., 2015).”
From Cerebellum, Predictions and Errors (2019) · cites this paper as Brooks et al., 2015
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- Authors
- Brooks, J. X., Carriot, J., & Cullen, K. E.
- Affiliations
- McGill University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Cullen, Kathleen E
- ORCID
- Cullen, Kathleen E
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 2015-08-03
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1310-1317
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- PMC
- PMC6102711
- OpenAlex
- W1096877704
- Cited by
- 231
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 8
- FWCI
- 11.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- McGill University
- Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (R01DC002390)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vestibular and auditory disorders
- Keywords
- cerebellum, motor learning, sensory prediction error, internal models, self-motion, head movement, voluntary movement, sensory feedback, motor adaptation, neuronal sensitivity
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Animals, Cerebellum, Extinction, Psychological, Learning, Macaca mulatta, Male, Neurons, Photic Stimulation, Time Factors, Head Movements
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