Role of Dopamine D2 Receptors in Human Reinforcement Learning
Open accessAbstract
Influential neurocomputational models emphasize dopamine (DA) as an electrophysiological and neurochemical correlate of reinforcement learning. However, evidence of a specific causal role of DA receptors in learning has been less forthcoming, especially in humans. Here we combine, in a between-subjects design, administration of a high dose of the selective DA D2/3-receptor antagonist sulpiride with genetic analysis of the DA D2 receptor in a behavioral study of reinforcement learning in a sample of 78 healthy male volunteers. In contrast to predictions of prevailing models emphasizing DA's pivotal role in learning via prediction errors, we found that sulpiride did not disrupt learning, but rather induced profound impairments in choice performance. The disruption was selective for stimuli indicating reward, whereas loss avoidance performance was unaffected. Effects were driven by volunteers with higher serum levels of the drug, and in those with genetically determined lower density of striatal DA D2 receptors. This is the clearest demonstration to date for a causal modulatory role of the DA D2 receptor in choice performance that might be distinct from learning. Our findings challenge current reward prediction error models of reinforcement learning, and suggest that classical animal models emphasizing a role of postsynaptic DA D2 receptors in motivational aspects of reinforcement learning may apply to humans as well.
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Studies in healthy human volunteers have shown dopaminergic modulation of the brain response to a reward prediction error response using fMRI.
“Studies in healthy human volunteers have shown dopaminergic modulation of the brain response to a reward prediction error response using fMRI (Bernacer et al. 2013; Eisenegger et al. 2014; Pessiglione et al. 2006).”
From Dopaminergic drug treatment remediates exaggerated cingulate prediction error responses in obsessive-compulsive disorder (2019) · cites this paper as Eisenegger et al. 2014
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- Authors
- Eisenegger, C., Naef, M., Linssen, A., Clark, L., Gandamaneni, P. K., Müller, U., & Robbins, T. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Vienna (AT)
- University of London (GB)
- Maastricht University (NL)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Eisenegger, Christoph
- Venue
- Neuropsychopharmacology
- Published
- 2014-04-09
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2366-2375
- ISSN
- 0893-133X (ISSN-L)
- 1740-634X
- PMC
- PMC4138746
- OpenAlex
- W2036976328
- Cited by
- 134
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 5.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- Eli Lilly and Company
- AstraZeneca
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries
- Medpace
- Wellcome Trust (093875/Z/10/Z, 093875)
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (134135)
- Vienna Science and Technology Fund (VRG13-007, WWTF VRG13-007)
- Shire
- H. Lundbeck A/S
- Medical Research Council (093875/Z/10/Z, G1000183, MRC Ref G1000183)
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre
- Cilag
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Reinforcement Learning in Robotics
- Keywords
- dopamine D2 receptor, reinforcement learning, sulpiride, reward choice, loss avoidance, striatal dopamine, genetic polymorphism
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Choice Behavior, Double-Blind Method, Genotype, Humans, Male, Models, Psychological, Neuropsychological Tests, Polymorphism, Genetic, Prolactin, Reaction Time, Reinforcement, Psychology, Sulpiride, Receptors, Dopamine D2, Dopamine Antagonists, Receptors, Dopamine D3, Young Adult, Genotyping Techniques
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