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Cytokines and their relationship to the symptoms and outcome of cancer
Open accessAbstract
Tumours contain immune cells and a network of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, which collaborate in the development and progression of cancer. Cytokine profiles might prove to be prognostic. The systemic effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines are associated with fatigue, depression and cognitive impairment, and can affect quality of life before, during and after treatment. In people with advanced cancer, pro-inflammatory cytokines are additionally associated with anorexia and cachexia, pain, toxicity of treatment and resistance to treatment. However, physical activity might modify cytokine levels and decrease fatigue in patients with cancer, and might also improve their prognosis.
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“The treatment of physical disorders, e.g., interferon-based or virostatic treatments for hepatitis C (167, 197), chemotherapy for the treatment of cancer (168), surgery (169) or transplantation (170), can lead to additional cytokine release.”
From Cytokine Research in Depression: Principles, Challenges, and Open Questions (2019) · cites this paper as [168]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Seruga, B., Zhang, H., Bernstein, L. J., & Tannock, I. F.
- Affiliations
- St. Michael's Hospital (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Tannock, Ian F.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Cancer
- Published
- 2008-10-10
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 887-899
- ISSN
- 1474-175X (ISSN-L)
- 1474-1768
- OpenAlex
- W2061366514
- Cited by
- 652
- References
- 248
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 60
- FWCI
- 3.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature reviews. Cancer (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- TSpace (University of Toronto) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Inflammatory Biomarkers in Disease Prognosis
- Keywords
- inflammatory cytokines, advanced cancer, cancer-related fatigue, cancer cachexia, anorexia, cancer pain, depression, cognitive impairment, treatment toxicity, treatment resistance, tumor immune microenvironment, quality of life, physical activity, cytokine signaling pathways
- MeSH terms
- Anorexia, Cachexia, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Neoplasms, Cytokines
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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