Cited by 5,697Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsDiabetes Treatment and ManagementDiabetes Management and Research

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Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications

Zheng, Yan, Ley, Sylvia H., Hu, Frank B.·2018·Nature Reviews Endocrinology

DOI 10.1038/nrendo.2017.151

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Abstract

Globally, the number of people with diabetes mellitus has quadrupled in the past three decades, and diabetes mellitus is the ninth major cause of death. About 1 in 11 adults worldwide now have diabetes mellitus, 90% of whom have type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Asia is a major area of the rapidly emerging T2DM global epidemic, with China and India the top two epicentres. Although genetic predisposition partly determines individual susceptibility to T2DM, an unhealthy diet and a sedentary lifestyle are important drivers of the current global epidemic; early developmental factors (such as intrauterine exposures) also have a role in susceptibility to T2DM later in life. Many cases of T2DM could be prevented with lifestyle changes, including maintaining a healthy body weight, consuming a healthy diet, staying physically active, not smoking and drinking alcohol in moderation. Most patients with T2DM have at least one complication, and cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. This Review provides an updated view of the global epidemiology of T2DM, as well as dietary, lifestyle and other risk factors for T2DM and its complications.

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Authors: Zheng, Y., Ley, S. H., & Hu, F. B.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
Corresponding author: Hu, Frank B.
ORCID: Zheng, Yan
Ley, Sylvia H.
Hu, Frank B.
Venue: Nature Reviews Endocrinology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2017-12-08
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Pages: 88-98
ISSN: 1759-5029 (ISSN-L)
1759-5037
DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.151
OpenAlex: W2774743973
Cited by: 5,697
References: 156
Citations by year: 2026: 476 · 2025: 771 · 2024: 926 · 2023: 899 · 2022: 858 · 2021: 781 · 2020: 596 · 2019: 302 · 2018: 79
FWCI: 38.95
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature Reviews Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: American Diabetes Association
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Keywords: type 2 diabetes, global epidemiology, diabetes complications, cardiovascular complications, risk factors, dietary risk factors, lifestyle risk factors, sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet, genetic susceptibility, prenatal exposure, diabetes prevention, body weight, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, diabetes mortality, Asia
MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diet, Humans, Life Style, Morbidity, Risk Factors, Global Health, Disease Management, Diabetes Complications

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Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications

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