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Synthetic biology
Open accessAbstract
Synthetic biologists come in two broad classes. One uses unnatural molecules to reproduce emergent behaviours from natural biology, with the goal of creating artificial life. The other seeks interchangeable parts from natural biology to assemble into systems that function unnaturally. Either way, a synthetic goal forces scientists to cross uncharted ground to encounter and solve problems that are not easily encountered through analysis. This drives the emergence of new paradigms in ways that analysis cannot easily do. Synthetic biology has generated diagnostic tools that improve the care of patients with infectious diseases, as well as devices that oscillate, creep and play tic-tac-toe.
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“For example, the amino acids used by life show little correlation with abiotic synthesis of amino acids (Ward and Benner, 2007), and only four bases are used in nucleic acids when others are also possible (Benner and Sismour, 2005; Yang et al., 2006).”
From The Astrobiology Primer v2.0 (2016) · cites this paper as Benner and Sismour, 2005
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Metadata
- Authors
- Benner, S. A., & Sismour, A. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Florida (US)
- Corresponding author
- Benner, Steven A.
- ORCID
- Benner, Steven A.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Genetics
- Published
- 2005-07-01
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 533-543
- ISSN
- 1471-0056 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-0064
- PMC
- PMC7097405
- OpenAlex
- W4211125927
- Cited by
- 834
- References
- 96
- Citations by year
- 2026: 43 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 47 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 44
- FWCI
- 2.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gene Regulatory Network Analysis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Keywords
- synthetic biology, artificial life, synthetic gene circuits, diagnostic tools, infectious diseases, synthetic oscillators
- MeSH terms
- Biology, DNA, Genetic Engineering, Humans, Proteins, Templates, Genetic, Protein Folding, Genome Components
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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