The DOI matches its Crossref record; 131 of the 131 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cannabinoid-based drugs as anti-inflammatory therapeutics
Abstract
In the nineteenth century, marijuana was prescribed by physicians for maladies ranging from eating disorders to rabies. However, as newer, more effective drugs were discovered and as the potential for abuse of marijuana was recognized, its use as a therapeutic became restricted, and only recently has its therapeutic potential been re-evaluated. Recent studies in animal models and in humans have produced promising results for the treatment of various disorders - such as obesity, cancer, and spasticity and tremor due to neuropathology - with drugs based on marijuana-derived cannabinoids. Moreover, as I discuss here, a wealth of information also indicates that these drugs have immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties; therefore, on the basis of this mode of action, the therapeutic usefulness of these drugs in chronic inflammatory diseases is now being reassessed.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Thus, in addition to proinflammatory cytokines, activated immune cells produce and release antiinflammatory mediators, including interleukin-10 (IL-10), which are regulated by the endocannabinoid system (Klein, 2005).”
From The endogenous cannabinoid system: a budding source of targets for treating inflammatory and neuropathic pain (2018) · cites this paper as Klein, 2005
In the citing paper
“However, cannabinoids may also increase production of proinflammatory cytokines, depending on the model, dose, and drug probe (Klein, 2005).”
From The endogenous cannabinoid system: a budding source of targets for treating inflammatory and neuropathic pain (2018) · cites this paper as Klein, 2005
Citations
Cites
Akira, S., & Takeda, K. (2004) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1391 · Cited by 8,312
International Union of Pharmacology: Approaches to the Nomenclature of Voltage-Gated Ion Channels
Catterall, W. A., Chandy, K. G., Clapham, D. E., Gutman, G. A., Hofmann, F., Harmar, A. J., Abernethy, D. R., & Spedding, M. (2003) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.55.4.5 · Cited by 7,126
Isolation and Structure of a Brain Constituent That Binds to the Cannabinoid Receptor
Devane, W. A., Hanuš, L., Breuer, A., Pertwee, R. G., Stevenson, L. A., Griffin, G., Gibson, D., Mandelbaum, A., Etinger, A., & Mechoulam, R. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1470919 · Cited by 5,633
Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids
Munro, S., Thomas, K. L., & Abu-Shaar, M. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/365061a0 · Cited by 5,092
Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA
Matsuda, L. A., Lolait, S. J., Brownstein, M. J., Young, A. C., & Bonner, T. I. (1990) · Nature · doi:10.1038/346561a0 · Cited by 5,011
Mechoulam, R., Ben-Shabat, S., Hanus, L., Ligumsky, M., Kaminski, N. E., Schatz, A. R., Gopher, A., Almog, S., Martin, B. R., Compton, D. R., et al. (1995) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0006-2952(95)00109-d · Cited by 2,913
International Union of Pharmacology. XXVII. Classification of Cannabinoid Receptors
Howlett, A. C., Barth, F., Bonner, T. I., Cabral, G., Casellas, P., Devane, W. A., Felder, C. C., Herkenham, M., Mackie, K., Martin, B. R., et al. (2002) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.54.2.161 · Cited by 2,819
Isolation, Structure, and Partial Synthesis of an Active Constituent of Hashish
Gaoni, Y., & Mechoulam, R. (1964) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja01062a046 · Cited by 2,389
Vanilloid receptors on sensory nerves mediate the vasodilator action of anandamide
Zygmunt, P. M., Petersson, J., Andersson, D. A., Chuang, H.-H., Sørgård, M., Di Marzo, V., Julius, D., & Högestätt, E. D. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/22761 · Cited by 2,142
The molecular logic of endocannabinoid signalling
Piomelli, D. (2003) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1247 · Cited by 1,957
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–741 of 741
Borkar, S. A., Venturi, G. M., Chang, K.-F., Gu, J., Yin, L., Shen, J., Fischer, B. M., Nepal, U., Raplee, I., Kim-Chang, J. J., et al. (2025) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells14161267
Cannabinoids in Foods: Public Health Implications and Applications
Askari, V. R., Abedi, M. S., Ferrasati, A., Rakhshandeh, H., & Rahimi, V. B. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-32047-7_81-1
Martínez-Sadurní, L., Barrera-Conde, M., Robledo, P., Veza-Estévez, E., García-Quintana, J., Mané, A., Toll, A., Trabsa, A., Lesh, T. A., Carter, C. S., et al. (2025) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-025-03287-4
Tuma, R. F. (1984) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/j.2040-4603.1984.tb01020.x
Rebat, S. K., & Omer, E. S. (2025) · IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science · doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1549/1/012073
Lindborg, K. A. (2010) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)
Boury‐Esnault, N., Marschal, C., Probst, J.-M. K., & Barnathan, G. (2002) · INFM-OAR (INFN Catania) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.155630
Yin, L., Dinasarapu, A. R., Borkar, S. A., Chang, K.-F., Paris, K. D., Kim-Chang, J. J., Sleasman, J. W., & Goodenow, M. M. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19946267
Miranzadeh Mahabadi, H., Bhatti, H. A., Laprairie, R. B., & Taghibiglou, C. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14746317
Bodke, S., & Bhatt, L. K. (2026) · Inflammopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s10787-026-02120-w
Complementary and Alternative Medicine Therapy to Inhibit ROS-Mediated Inflammatory Disorders
Rehman, A., Loh, T. C., Chia, S. L., & Foo, H. L. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-11752-6_23 · Cited by 1
Mobilisation de l'acide arachidonique et sensibilité au peptide ß-amyloïde
Thomas, M. H. (2015) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/904987d5zc8c8z4104z95dfz2f7e680d8be3
Bomfim, C. C. B., Génin, H., Mariotton, J., Matias, I., Cota, D., Delongchamps, N. B., Zerbib, M., Bomsel, M., & Ganor, Y. (2026) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.03.006
Zapata, K., Vélez, A. D., Rojano, B., Carrasco-Marı́n, F., Franco, C. A., & Cortés, F. B. (2026) · ACS Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acsfoodscitech.6c00094
Cannabinoids in autoimmune diseases: mechanistic insights and translational challenges
Khan, Y. A., Anas, M., Khan, F., Ali, M., Al-Zharani, M. M., Nasr, F. A., Qamar, W., & Rahman, S. (2026) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2026.118032
Lopez, J. G. (2026) · La Revue de Médecine Interne · doi:10.1016/j.revmed.2026.06.013
Love, C. R. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27156626
LEI‐101 produces broad‐spectrum analgesia in preclinical pain models
Yusuf, M., Benkli, A. B., & Yusuf, R. (2026) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.70607
de Oliveira, M. K., Vilela, F. C., & Giusti‐Paiva, A. (2026) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116447
Żurowski, J., Ocłoń, E., Jasielczuk, I., Szmatoła, T., Mizera-Szpilka, K., Semik-Gurgul, E., Sawicki, S., & Gurgul, A. (2026) · Molecular Genetics and Genomics · doi:10.1007/s00438-026-02525-w
Šarac, I., Mojsilović, S. B., Despotović, M., Ivanov, M., Paunović, M., Milešević, J. P., & Takić, M. M. (2026) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo16100793
BindingDB (2009) · UC San Diego · doi:10.7270/q2gm8703
BindingDB (2009) · UC San Diego · doi:10.7270/q2x92b1f
BindingDB Entry 50038526: Sulfamoyl benzamides as novel CB2 cannabinoid receptor ligands.
BindingDB (2012) · UC San Diego · doi:10.7270/q2p2701m
BindingDB Entry 50045067: Peripherally restricted CB1 receptor blockers.
BindingDB (2016) · UC San Diego · doi:10.7270/q2vh5qfz
BindingDB (2010) · UC San Diego · doi:10.7270/q25m65s1
BindingDB (2009) · UC San Diego · doi:10.7270/q2930sv5
Shabbir, A., & Gashti, M. P. (2026) · Journal of drug targeting · doi:10.1080/1061186x.2026.2755447
Cannabinoids in the Brain: Their Metabolism, Roles, and Involvement in Neurological Disorders
Farooqui, A. A. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-9940-5_5
Walker, V. J. (2014) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan)
Metadata
- Authors
- Klein, T. W.
- Affiliations
- University of South Florida (US)
- Corresponding author
- Klein, Thomas W.
- ORCID
- Klein, Thomas W.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Immunology
- Published
- 2005-05
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 400-411
- ISSN
- 1474-1733 (ISSN-L)
- 1474-1741
- OpenAlex
- W2072422429
- Cited by
- 728
- References
- 128
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 5.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature reviews. Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Natural Compounds in Disease Treatment
- Keywords
- anti-inflammatory therapy, chronic inflammatory diseases, immunosuppression, cannabis, obesity, cancer, spasticity, tremor, neuropathology
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Cannabinoids, Cell Movement, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Inflammation, Cytokines, Receptors, Cannabinoid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
