Cited by 475T-cell and B-cell ImmunologyTelomeres, Telomerase, and SenescenceCancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers

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Are senescence and exhaustion intertwined or unrelated processes that compromise immunity?

Akbar, Arne N., Henson, Sian M.·2011·Nature Reviews Immunology

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Abstract

Can the immune system be reactivated continuously throughout the lifetime of an organism or is there a finite point at which repeated antigenic challenge leads to the loss of lymphocyte function or the cells themselves or both? Replicative senescence and exhaustion are processes that control T cell proliferative activity and function; however, there is considerable confusion over the relationship between these two intrinsic cellular control mechanisms. In this Opinion article, we compare the molecular regulation of senescence and exhaustion in T cells. Available data suggest that both processes are regulated independently of each other and that it may be safer to block exhaustion than senescence to enhance immunity.

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Authors: Akbar, A. N., & Henson, S. M.
Affiliations: University College London (GB)
Corresponding author: Akbar, Arne N.
ORCID: Akbar, Arne N.
Venue: Nature Reviews Immunology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2011-03-25
Volume: 11
Issue: 4
Pages: 289-295
ISSN: 1474-1733 (ISSN-L)
1474-1741
DOI: 10.1038/nri2959
OpenAlex: W2068367301
Cited by: 474
References: 96
Citations by year: 2026: 36 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 20
FWCI: 2.43
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: Nature reviews. Immunology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Wellcome Trust
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
Topics: Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
Keywords: T cell senescence, T cell exhaustion, replicative senescence, viral persistence, aging, immune reactivation, T cell proliferation, immunosenescence
MeSH terms: Animals, Fatigue, Humans, Immunity, Cellular, Lymphocyte Activation, T-Lymphocytes, Virus Diseases, Cellular Senescence, Mice

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Are senescence and exhaustion intertwined or unrelated processes that compromise immunity?

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