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Cited by 812Bacterial Genetics and BiotechnologyEscherichia coli research studiesPlant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity

Metal homeostasis and resistance in bacteria

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Chandrangsu, Pete, Rensing, Christopher, Helmann, John D.·2017·Nature Reviews Microbiology
DOI 10.1038/nrmicro.2017.15PMC PMC5963929
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Abstract

Metal ions are essential for many reactions, but excess metals can be toxic. In bacteria, metal limitation activates pathways that are involved in the import and mobilization of metals, whereas excess metals induce efflux and storage. In this Review, we highlight recent insights into metal homeostasis, including protein-based and RNA-based sensors that interact directly with metals or metal-containing cofactors. The resulting transcriptional response to metal stress takes place in a stepwise manner and is reinforced by post-transcriptional regulatory systems. Metal limitation and intoxication by the host are evolutionarily ancient strategies for limiting bacterial growth. The details of the resulting growth restriction are beginning to be understood and seem to be organism-specific.

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Crossref · 10.1038/nrmicro.2017.15

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  • Fe2+ is the dominant oxidation state in the labile iron pool.

    “The transition metals Mn2+ and Fe2+ (the dominant oxidation state in the labile pool) have a moderate affinity for ligands and cells have lower quotas (often ∼0.1 to 1 mM).1,10,11”

    From Metals in Motion: Understanding Labile Metal Pools in Bacteria (2025) · cites this paper as [1]

    The Metalloregulatory systems section describes a labile iron pool and estimates a free Fe(II) pool in B. subtilis. It does not say that Fe(II) is the dominant oxidation state in the labile iron pool or compare its abundance with other iron oxidation states. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The transition metals Mn2+ and Fe2+ have a moderate affinity for ligands.

    “The transition metals Mn2+ and Fe2+ (the dominant oxidation state in the labile pool) have a moderate affinity for ligands and cells have lower quotas (often ∼0.1 to 1 mM).1,10,11”

    From Metals in Motion: Understanding Labile Metal Pools in Bacteria (2025) · cites this paper as [1]

  • Labile cation pools are sensed by metalloregulatory systems and serve to metalate nascent metalloproteins.

    “The labile cation pools are sensed by metalloregulatory systems1,219 and serve to metalate nascent metalloproteins.3”

    From Metals in Motion: Understanding Labile Metal Pools in Bacteria (2025) · cites this paper as [1]

  • For regulators of metal import, the set-point defines the boundary between metal deficiency and sufficiency, whereas for regulators of efflux and storage, the set-point delineates the boundary between sufficiency and excess.

    “For regulators of metal import, the set-point defines the boundary between metal deficiency and sufficiency, whereas for regulators of efflux and storage, the set-point delineates the boundary between sufficiency and excess.1”

    From Metals in Motion: Understanding Labile Metal Pools in Bacteria (2025) · cites this paper as [1]

  • Cells have lower quotas for Mn and Fe, often ∼0.1 to 1 mM.

    “The transition metals Mn2+ and Fe2+ (the dominant oxidation state in the labile pool) have a moderate affinity for ligands and cells have lower quotas (often ∼0.1 to 1 mM).1,10,11”

    From Metals in Motion: Understanding Labile Metal Pools in Bacteria (2025) · cites this paper as [1]

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Chandrangsu, P., Rensing, C., & Helmann, J. D.
Affiliations
  • Cornell University (US)
  • J. Craig Venter Institute (US)
Corresponding author
  • Rensing, Christopher
  • Helmann, John D.
ORCID
Venue
Nature Reviews Microbiology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2017-03-27
Volume
15
Issue
6
Pages
338-350
ISSN
  • 1740-1526 (ISSN-L)
  • 1740-1534
DOI
10.1038/nrmicro.2017.15
PMC
PMC5963929
OpenAlex
W2597506409
Cited by
812
References
23
Citations by year
2026: 133 · 2025: 96 · 2024: 94 · 2023: 94 · 2022: 111 · 2021: 86 · 2020: 78 · 2019: 61 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 12
FWCI
6.98
Type
journal article
Language
en
Update notices
erratum (2017-06-01)
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Nature Reviews Microbiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM059323)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Escherichia coli research studies
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
Keywords
metal homeostasis, metal limitation, metal toxicity, host-pathogen interaction, metal efflux, metal storage, metal imports, metal cofactors, post-transcriptional regulation
MeSH terms
Bacillus subtilis, Bacterial Proteins, Iron, Manganese, Membrane Proteins, Repressor Proteins, Zinc, Riboswitch

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